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Electrical Properties of Electrorefined Nanostructured Lead (Pb) for Enhancing Radiation Safety
El-Sayed M. El-Refaie,
El-Gamel Amal A.,
A. H. Gepreel Mohamed,
Kandil M.,
Hussein A. Z.
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
283-287
Received:
19 July 2015
Accepted:
30 July 2015
Published:
10 August 2015
Abstract: The electrical properties of lead (Pb) nanopowder (metal) produced by “Direct Electrorefining” technique of secondary lead slag are investigated in this study. The morphology and shape of the nanostructure lead powder were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The particles size is confirmed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The good stability of nanoparticles is confirmed during the performed studies.The investigation of the DC conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity as a function of frequency, temperature of nano-particles are done. The sample’s form is a compressed pellets of lead nanoparticles. The results of this study are expected to reflect on understanding the effect of finite nano size powder on the electrical conduction measurements. Plots of the experimental results obtained are reported for various parameters, comparisons are done as well. The successful calculations of temperature dependent resistance value confirm its semi-conducting nature and explore its potential applications in various industries.
Abstract: The electrical properties of lead (Pb) nanopowder (metal) produced by “Direct Electrorefining” technique of secondary lead slag are investigated in this study. The morphology and shape of the nanostructure lead powder were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The particles size is confirmed using a transmission electron microscope (...
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Residual Stresses in Transparent Glassceramics and Their Evolution During Step-by-Step Annealing
Igor Matyash,
Irina Minailova,
Boris Serdega,
Volodymyr Maslov,
Nataliya Kachur
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
288-292
Received:
3 August 2015
Accepted:
17 August 2015
Published:
24 August 2015
Abstract: Non-homogeneous cooling of glassceramics in the process of manufacturing brings about residual thermal stresses in bulk. Their evolution under annealing has been investigated by means of the method of modulation polarimetry. A 2D image enabled us to obtain tomograms of the distribution describing the value and sign of the uniaxial stress in the sample plane, which is parallel to the direction of a thermal flux. Relaxation of residual stresses has non-monotonic dependence versus the value of the annealing temperature. The nature of its origin has been discussed. Found in this work is coordinate dependence of a thermoelasticity coefficient, as well as its correlation with a stress function
Abstract: Non-homogeneous cooling of glassceramics in the process of manufacturing brings about residual thermal stresses in bulk. Their evolution under annealing has been investigated by means of the method of modulation polarimetry. A 2D image enabled us to obtain tomograms of the distribution describing the value and sign of the uniaxial stress in the sam...
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Antibacterial Silver Embedded Nanofibers for Water Disinfection
Thanaa Shalaby,
Ola Mahmoud,
Affaf Al-Oufy
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
293-298
Received:
3 August 2015
Accepted:
14 August 2015
Published:
26 August 2015
Abstract: Anti-microbial nanofibers can be synthesized by incorporating nanobiocides such as silver nanoparticles into nanofibers. Bacterial contamination of water is a serious public health concern because it causes numerous diseases and some aesthetic problems such as malodor in water. Durable antibacterial Ag/polyacrylonitrile (Ag/PAN) hybrid nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. SEM and EDX spectra were used to study the morphology and surface elemental composition of the nanofibers. The Ag/PAN nanofibers exhibited slow and long lasting silver ion release. The resultants polymers were then tested for their ability to destroy bacteria in water; antimicrobial tests indicated that the prepared nanofibers have a high bactericidal effect. Accordingly, these results highlight the potential use of these nanofibrous mats as antimicrobial agents.
Abstract: Anti-microbial nanofibers can be synthesized by incorporating nanobiocides such as silver nanoparticles into nanofibers. Bacterial contamination of water is a serious public health concern because it causes numerous diseases and some aesthetic problems such as malodor in water. Durable antibacterial Ag/polyacrylonitrile (Ag/PAN) hybrid nanofibers w...
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Controllable Fabrication of BC Based on Time Growth
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
299-302
Received:
6 July 2015
Accepted:
20 August 2015
Published:
29 August 2015
Abstract: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is produced by some kind of acetic acid bacteria. BC demonstrates unique properties, including upward mechanical strength, superior crystallinity, high-water holding and elevated porosity, which make it every useful biomaterial in many different progressive processes. Nowadays, several research areas in industrial zones are concentrating to fabricate some applicable product from this biomaterial. However, dimension (size and shape) of BC makes a challenge and must be controllable and invariability in repetition experiments. Therefore, in this study, we present one method identify of BC time growth. We investigated the time duration and air rate factors on our bacterial cellulose samples while other conditions are kept changeless. The outcomes show, producing bacteria cellulose can be independent of the time, whilst the air is remained constant. This approach makes several advantages such as interchangeable samples, invariability BC thickness and cost variables in recapitulation investigations.
Abstract: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is produced by some kind of acetic acid bacteria. BC demonstrates unique properties, including upward mechanical strength, superior crystallinity, high-water holding and elevated porosity, which make it every useful biomaterial in many different progressive processes. Nowadays, several research areas in industrial zones are...
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Interactions Between Sodium Ion and Constituents of Chitosan: DFT Study
Marwa Emmanuel,
Alexander Pogrebnoi,
Tatiana Pogrebnaya
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
303-313
Received:
8 August 2015
Accepted:
19 August 2015
Published:
3 September 2015
Abstract: Glucosamine and acetylglucosamine are the constituents of chitosan and chitin natural biopolymers. In the present study, the structure and properties of the D-glucosamine monomer (A), N-acetylglucosamine monomer (B), and ion-molecular adducts with Na+ cation have been explored. The equilibrium geometrical structure, vibrational spectra of the species have been determined, using the DFT/B3LYP method with the 6-31G(d) basis set. Larger basis sets up to 6-311++G(d,p) were utilized to compute energies of reactions between Na+ ion and A and B molecules. The exothermicity and spontaneous character of the adducts formation reactions have been confirmed.
Abstract: Glucosamine and acetylglucosamine are the constituents of chitosan and chitin natural biopolymers. In the present study, the structure and properties of the D-glucosamine monomer (A), N-acetylglucosamine monomer (B), and ion-molecular adducts with Na+ cation have been explored. The equilibrium geometrical structure, vibrational spectra of the speci...
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Vibrational and Electronic Spectra of Natural Dyes Constituents for Solar Cell Application: DFT and TDDFT Study
Joseph Makuraza,
Tatiana Pogrebnaya,
Alexander Pogrebnoi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
314-324
Received:
17 August 2015
Accepted:
30 August 2015
Published:
9 September 2015
Abstract: Selected constituents of natural dyes, phenol, 1,2-benzoquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone, and 9,10-anthraquinone have been studied theoretically using the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The vibrational and electronic spectra have been computed with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. It was found that 1,2-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone, and 9,10-anthraquinone may satisfy some criteria to become photosensitizer in DSSCs; the absorption bands computed for molecules in vacuum appeared at 396, 348, and 326 nm, respectively. When computed for molecules in solutions using the polarized continuum model, the bands were red-shifted: 446 (1,2-benzoquinone in water), 355 (1,4-naphthoquinone in heptane), and 329 nm (9,10-anthraquinone in heptane). Our results have shown that 1,2-benzoquinone among the others would exhibit better photovoltaic properties in terms of light absorption and energy level alignment.
Abstract: Selected constituents of natural dyes, phenol, 1,2-benzoquinone, 1,4-benzoquinone, 1,4-naphthoquinone, and 9,10-anthraquinone have been studied theoretically using the density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The vibrational and electronic spectra have been computed with 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. It was found that 1,2-...
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A Review of Silver Nanoparticles: Synthesis Methods, Properties and Applications
Jun Natsuki,
Toshiaki Natsuki,
Yoshio Hashimoto
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
325-332
Received:
28 August 2015
Accepted:
19 September 2015
Published:
29 September 2015
Abstract: In recent years, nanoparticles of noble metals such as gold, silver and palladium have drawn immense attention due to the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Particularly, silver nanoparticles have significant interest in medical applications such as very effective antibacterial agents without the toxic effects, and industry application such as inkjet inks containing well uniform dispersions of nano-sized silver particles that are useful for producing electronic circuits. It is important that the silver nanoparticles require not only the particles to be of nano-size, but also synthesis of the nanoparticles to be produced easily and at low cost. Over the past few decades, many synthetic methods of silver nanoparticles have been studied. This paper aims to review different synthesis routes of silver nanoparticles and their applications. In particular, we mainly present several chemical approaches to preparing silver nanoparticles and their properties as well as applications based on our recent studies. The focus is on effective and efficient synthesis of pure colloidal silver nanoparticles with high electrical conductivity and their potential application.
Abstract: In recent years, nanoparticles of noble metals such as gold, silver and palladium have drawn immense attention due to the wide range of new applications in various fields of industry. Particularly, silver nanoparticles have significant interest in medical applications such as very effective antibacterial agents without the toxic effects, and indust...
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Corrosion of Heat Treated Electroless-Ni Plated Mild Carbon Steels in Dilute H2SO4
Olawale Olarewaju Ajibola,
Abdullahi O. Adebayo,
Daniel Toyin Oloruntoba
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
333-342
Received:
5 August 2015
Accepted:
14 August 2015
Published:
16 October 2015
Abstract: The corrosion of heat-treated Electroless-Nickel (EN) plated mild carbon steel (MCS) in dilute H2SO4 is investigated and reported in the study. The MCS samples were electroless-Ni plated in alkaline Nimudeen 850. EN plated samples were soaked at different selected temperatures between 150-370 °C at constant time. The weight loss of the specimens by full immersion method was employed to assess the corrosion damage and corrosion rates of the as-received, EN plated MCS and four heat treated EN plated samples in the 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. The test specimens were regularly examined at every 12 hrs interval for 30 days (720 hrs). The materials corrodes in 0.5 M H2SO4 in the order of MCS10 > MCS14 > MCS15 > MCS11 > MCS13 > MCS12. Based on the results obtained, it will be justified to choose EN-plated samples (MCS 11) and the heat treated EN film (MCS12 and MCS13) for the purposed of solving the problem of corrosion in the medium. This is because; the application of EN deposition reduced the corrosion of MCS at much lower rate than the heat-treated EN film (MCS14 and MCS15) in 0.5 M H2SO4 environment. Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) Thermo series 2000 model and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with the Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) facilities (Jeol JSM-7600F model) were used to ascertain the chemical compositions and the microstructures of samples.
Abstract: The corrosion of heat-treated Electroless-Nickel (EN) plated mild carbon steel (MCS) in dilute H2SO4 is investigated and reported in the study. The MCS samples were electroless-Ni plated in alkaline Nimudeen 850. EN plated samples were soaked at different selected temperatures between 150-370 °C at constant time. The weight loss of the specimen...
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Effect of Aggregate Properties on the Crushing Strength of Concrete
Mishuk Bhattacharjee,
Md. Arifur Rahman,
Muhammad Ashrafuzzaman,
Shovon Barua
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
343-349
Received:
15 September 2015
Accepted:
7 October 2015
Published:
30 October 2015
Abstract: This paper studied the effect of aggregate properties on the crushing strength of concrete. In order to achieve the study objective, three types of coarse aggregates, brick khoa, shingles stone, and black stone were used to test. And the test results show that concrete made from black stone has the highest workability followed by shingles stone & brick khoa of aggregates.
Abstract: This paper studied the effect of aggregate properties on the crushing strength of concrete. In order to achieve the study objective, three types of coarse aggregates, brick khoa, shingles stone, and black stone were used to test. And the test results show that concrete made from black stone has the highest workability followed by shingles stone & b...
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Production of Emulsion House Paint Using Polyvinyl Acetate and Gum Arabic as Binder
Surajudeen Abdulsalam,
Zebulu Dauma Maiwada
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
350-353
Received:
6 October 2015
Accepted:
20 October 2015
Published:
31 October 2015
Abstract: In view of the high cost of paints as a result of importation of raw materials and the need to use our locally available raw materials for economic and industrial developments, a study was carried out for the production of emulsion house paint by supplementing imported synthetic binder (polyvinyl acetate, PVA) with a locally available binder (gum Arabic, GA) in six different proportions labelled; Sample A (100% PVA), Sample B (80% PVA: 20% GA), Sample C (60% PVA: 40% GA), Sample D (40% PVA: 60% GA), Sample E (20% PVA: 80% GA) and Sample F (100% GA). Standard emulsion paint formulation and method of production were employed. All the six samples gave high quality emulsion paints in terms of opacity, adhesion, ease of application and coverage. However, it was observed that paint brightness diminished with increased gum Arabic composition; Sample F being badly affected. Samples B to E thus resulted in quality paints without any blemish. Therefore, gum Arabic (Acacia Senegal) can be used as a supplement to PVA in emulsion paint production in all proportions investigated except Sample F.
Abstract: In view of the high cost of paints as a result of importation of raw materials and the need to use our locally available raw materials for economic and industrial developments, a study was carried out for the production of emulsion house paint by supplementing imported synthetic binder (polyvinyl acetate, PVA) with a locally available binder (gum A...
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Analysis of Physical, Thermal, and Structural Properties of Biofield Energy Treated Molybdenum Dioxide
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Rama Mohan Tallapragada,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Omprakash Latiyal,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
354-359
Received:
7 October 2015
Accepted:
19 October 2015
Published:
16 November 2015
Abstract: Molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) is known for its catalytic activity toward reforming hydrocarbons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal, and structural properties in MoO2. The MoO2 powder sample was divided into two parts, one part was remained as untreated, called as control, while the other part was subjected to Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment and called as treated. Both control and treated samples were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD data exhibited that the biofield treatment has altered the lattice parameters, unit cell volume, density and molecular weight of the treated sample as compared to the control. The TGA study revealed that the onset temperature of thermal degradation of MoO2 was reduced from 702.87°C to 691.92°C. Besides, the FT-IR spectra exhibited that the absorption band corresponding to Mo=O stretching vibration was shifted to lower wavenumber i.e. 975 cm-1 (control) to 970 cm-1 in treated sample. Hence, above results suggested that biofield energy treatment has altered the physical, thermal, and structural properties in MoO2 powder. Therefore, the biofield treatment could be applied to modify the catalytic properties of MoO2 in pharmaceutical industries.
Abstract: Molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) is known for its catalytic activity toward reforming hydrocarbons. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of biofield energy treatment on physical, thermal, and structural properties in MoO2. The MoO2 powder sample was divided into two parts, one part was remained as untreated, called as control, while the ...
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Equation Chapter 1 Section 1 Distillation of Two-Photon Entanglement by Anisotropic Metamaterial
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
360-363
Received:
18 November 2015
Published:
18 November 2015
Abstract: By using the Green-function approach to the quantization of the electromagnetic field, the procrustean distillation for quantum entanglement by the anisotropic magnetodielectric metamaterial has been proposed. We study the distillation of the non-maximally entangled pure states by a single layer of the anisotropic magnetodielectric metamaterial. The Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt parameter S for the entangled pure state has been calculated theoretically. It is shown that near the resonant peak of transmission for the y-polarized photon, the parameter S for the output states get the maximal value. Near the resonant peak of the transmission for the x-polarized photon, the entanglement of the output state is lower than the input state. For the frequency far from the resonant peak, the entanglement of the output state is dependent on the input state. Finally we find that the maximally entangled output is always appearing near the resonant frequency of the transmission for the y-polarized photon, no matter how low the entanglement of the input state is. This means that our method to realize the quantum distillation is effective.
Abstract: By using the Green-function approach to the quantization of the electromagnetic field, the procrustean distillation for quantum entanglement by the anisotropic magnetodielectric metamaterial has been proposed. We study the distillation of the non-maximally entangled pure states by a single layer of the anisotropic magnetodielectric metamaterial. Th...
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Pulsed Laser Deposition Methods Made Aluminum Doped ZnO Conductive Films
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
364-367
Received:
1 December 2015
Published:
1 December 2015
Abstract: Zinc Oxide is a novel semiconductor compound of II-VI group of the 3.37eV band gap. At room temperature, its exciton binding energy is 60 meV, which is one of the most potential light emitting devices in the field of ultraviolet. This experiment, using pulsed laser deposition, prepareing ZnO conductive films doping Al2O3 on silicon substrates and adopting ZnO waler, sintered, with Al2O3 as the target material, studies the influence of the dopant amount of alumina on thin film electrical conductivity and film crystallization conditions. The result shows: The thin film prepared by pulsed laser deposition method is mixed evenly, easy to control. Moreover, when the doping quantity of Al2O3 is 3.5%, the ZnO thin film has the least resistance rate and its crystallization is in the best condition.
Abstract: Zinc Oxide is a novel semiconductor compound of II-VI group of the 3.37eV band gap. At room temperature, its exciton binding energy is 60 meV, which is one of the most potential light emitting devices in the field of ultraviolet. This experiment, using pulsed laser deposition, prepareing ZnO conductive films doping Al2O3 on silicon substrates and a...
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Microwave Dielectric Properties of Low-Loss (1-x) Ca0.6Sm0.267TiO3–xSmAlO3 Ceramics
Xu Wang,
Renli Fu,
Yue Xu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 5, September 2015
Pages:
368-370
Received:
3 December 2015
Published:
3 December 2015
Abstract: A novel compositions in the (1-x) Ca0.6Sm0.267TiO3–xSmAlO3 system were prepared via conventional mixed oxide route in order to modify the postive temperarure coefficient of resonnant frequency(ôf) of Ca0.6Sm0.267TiO3.The microwave dielectric properties and phase composition of this system ceramics were investigated. X-ray powder diffraction results showed that Ca0.6Sm0.267TiO3 and SmAlO3 formed a solid solution when 0.05≤x≤0.20. Microstructures of the sintered ceramics were observed by SEM; dielectric properties of the samples were also measured. The ôf values showed a near linear decrease with increasing additions of SmAlO3. A dielectric constant of 53.1, Qf value of 24,085GHz and ôf value of +13.3ppm/°C were obtained for 0.80 Ca0.6Sm0.267TiO3–0.20 SmAlO3 ceramics sintered at 1450°C for 4h.
Abstract: A novel compositions in the (1-x) Ca0.6Sm0.267TiO3–xSmAlO3 system were prepared via conventional mixed oxide route in order to modify the postive temperarure coefficient of resonnant frequency(ôf) of Ca0.6Sm0.267TiO3.The microwave dielectric properties and phase composition of this system ceramics were investigated. X-ray powder diffraction results...
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