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Electrical Properties of Electrorefined Nanostructured Lead (Pb) for Enhancing Radiation Safety

Received: 19 July 2015     Accepted: 30 July 2015     Published: 10 August 2015
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Abstract

The electrical properties of lead (Pb) nanopowder (metal) produced by “Direct Electrorefining” technique of secondary lead slag are investigated in this study. The morphology and shape of the nanostructure lead powder were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The particles size is confirmed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The good stability of nanoparticles is confirmed during the performed studies.The investigation of the DC conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity as a function of frequency, temperature of nano-particles are done. The sample’s form is a compressed pellets of lead nanoparticles. The results of this study are expected to reflect on understanding the effect of finite nano size powder on the electrical conduction measurements. Plots of the experimental results obtained are reported for various parameters, comparisons are done as well. The successful calculations of temperature dependent resistance value confirm its semi-conducting nature and explore its potential applications in various industries.

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150405.11
Page(s) 283-287
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Lead Nanoparticles, Direct Electrofining, DC Conductivity, AC conductivity, Permittivity

References
[1] AshourOwais, Mohamed Abdel-HadyGepreel ;Electrorefining of Secondary Lead Slag Anode Particles, World of Metallurgy - ERZMETALL 66 (5), 5-12
[2] E. Roduner, Nanoscopic Materials: Size-Dependent Phenomena. The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, 2006.
[3] Yacobi BG. Semiconductor Materials: An Introduction to Basic Principles, Vol.1, Springer, Newyork, 2003. pp. 1-3. ISBN 0306473615.
[4] Youjun He, Guangjin Zhao, Bo Peng, Yongfang Li. High-Yield Synthesis and Electrochemical and photovoltaic properties of Indene-C 70 Bisadduct. Adv.Funct.Mater. 2010; 20: 3383–3389. DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201001122.
[5] Theivasanthi T, Alagar M. Konjac biomolecules assisted–rod/spherical shaped lead nanopowder synthesized by electrolytic process and its characterization Studies. Nano Biomed. Eng. 2013; 5(1): 11-19. doi: 10.5101/nbe.v5i1.p11-19
[6] Bose, S.; Banerjee, R.; Genc, A.; Raychaudhuri, P.;Fraser, H. L.; Ayyub, P. (2006). Size Induced Metal-Insulator Transition in Nanostructured Niobium ThinFilms: Intra-granular and Inter-granular Contributions.J. Phys. Condens. Matter 18: 4553-4566.
[7] Edwards, P. P.; Johnston, R. L.; Rao, C. N. R. (1999). Onthe Size-Induced Metal-Insulator Transition inClusters and Small Particles. In Metal Clusters inChemistry, Vol. 3, ed. Braunstein, P.; Oro, L. A.; P. R.Raithby, Wiley, Weinheim.
[8] W C Michels: Electrical Measurements and their applications, Van Nostrand, New York (1957 ).
[9] P. Q. Mantas Journal of the European Ceramic Sociecy 19,2079-2086 (1999) "Dielectric response of Materials: Extension to the Debye model".
[10] Bonnie C Baker: "Temperature Sensing technologies" AN 679 Microchip Inc (1 998). SushmaBhat, S K Khosa, P N Kotru, R P Tandon, Muterial Science and Engineering. B 309,7-11 (1995).
[11] Y. Namba, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 9, 1326 (1969).
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    El-Sayed M. El-Refaie, El-Gamel Amal A., A. H. Gepreel Mohamed, Kandil M., Hussein A. Z. (2015). Electrical Properties of Electrorefined Nanostructured Lead (Pb) for Enhancing Radiation Safety. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 4(5), 283-287. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150405.11

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    ACS Style

    El-Sayed M. El-Refaie; El-Gamel Amal A.; A. H. Gepreel Mohamed; Kandil M.; Hussein A. Z. Electrical Properties of Electrorefined Nanostructured Lead (Pb) for Enhancing Radiation Safety. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2015, 4(5), 283-287. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150405.11

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    AMA Style

    El-Sayed M. El-Refaie, El-Gamel Amal A., A. H. Gepreel Mohamed, Kandil M., Hussein A. Z. Electrical Properties of Electrorefined Nanostructured Lead (Pb) for Enhancing Radiation Safety. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2015;4(5):283-287. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150405.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150405.11,
      author = {El-Sayed M. El-Refaie and El-Gamel Amal A. and A. H. Gepreel Mohamed and Kandil M. and Hussein A. Z.},
      title = {Electrical Properties of Electrorefined Nanostructured Lead (Pb) for Enhancing Radiation Safety},
      journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
      volume = {4},
      number = {5},
      pages = {283-287},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150405.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150405.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20150405.11},
      abstract = {The electrical properties of lead (Pb) nanopowder (metal) produced by “Direct Electrorefining” technique of secondary lead slag are investigated in this study. The morphology and shape of the nanostructure lead powder were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The particles size is confirmed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The good stability of nanoparticles is confirmed during the performed studies.The investigation of the DC conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity as a function of frequency, temperature of nano-particles are done. The sample’s form is a compressed pellets of lead nanoparticles. The results of this study are expected to reflect on understanding the effect of finite nano size powder on the electrical conduction measurements. Plots of the experimental results obtained are reported for various parameters, comparisons are done as well. The successful calculations of temperature dependent resistance value confirm its semi-conducting nature and explore its potential applications in various industries.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    T1  - Electrical Properties of Electrorefined Nanostructured Lead (Pb) for Enhancing Radiation Safety
    AU  - El-Sayed M. El-Refaie
    AU  - El-Gamel Amal A.
    AU  - A. H. Gepreel Mohamed
    AU  - Kandil M.
    AU  - Hussein A. Z.
    Y1  - 2015/08/10
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150405.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150405.11
    T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150405.11
    AB  - The electrical properties of lead (Pb) nanopowder (metal) produced by “Direct Electrorefining” technique of secondary lead slag are investigated in this study. The morphology and shape of the nanostructure lead powder were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The particles size is confirmed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The good stability of nanoparticles is confirmed during the performed studies.The investigation of the DC conductivity, dielectric constant, dielectric loss and AC conductivity as a function of frequency, temperature of nano-particles are done. The sample’s form is a compressed pellets of lead nanoparticles. The results of this study are expected to reflect on understanding the effect of finite nano size powder on the electrical conduction measurements. Plots of the experimental results obtained are reported for various parameters, comparisons are done as well. The successful calculations of temperature dependent resistance value confirm its semi-conducting nature and explore its potential applications in various industries.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department Environmental Engineering, Helwan University, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo, Egypt

  • Department of Radiation Safety, Nuclear& Radiological Regulatory Authority (ENRRA), Cairo, Egypt

  • Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E- JUST), Alexandria, Egypt

  • Department of Radiation Safety, Nuclear& Radiological Regulatory Authority (ENRRA), Cairo, Egypt

  • Department of Radiation Safety, Nuclear& Radiological Regulatory Authority (ENRRA), Cairo, Egypt

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