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Contribution to Paris Agreement of United Nation by Coil-EEFL lamps with Zero Electric Power Consumption
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
65-76
Received:
6 January 2017
Accepted:
16 January 2017
Published:
23 January 2017
Abstract: Illumination by incandescent lamps is an essential necessity for our life activity. The operation of the lamps consumes about 30% of total electric power on the world. The reduction of the electric power consumption of the incandescent lamps is an urgent subject for the UN project. The developed coil-EEFL lamps miraculously have zero electric power consumption, without the scarification of the high illuminance (lm, m-2). The developed coil-EEFL lamps may respond on the requirement of the Paris Agreement and COP 16 of the UN project.
Abstract: Illumination by incandescent lamps is an essential necessity for our life activity. The operation of the lamps consumes about 30% of total electric power on the world. The reduction of the electric power consumption of the incandescent lamps is an urgent subject for the UN project. The developed coil-EEFL lamps miraculously have zero electric power...
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A Review on Surface Modification of Bast Fibre as Reinforcement in Polymer Composites
Sandeep Kumar,
Krishan Kant Singh Mer,
Lalta Prasad,
Vinay Kumar Patel
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
77-82
Received:
18 November 2016
Accepted:
17 December 2016
Published:
3 February 2017
Abstract: In the past few decades, natural fibres have shown remarkable achievements in the field of reinforced polymer composites because of environmental issues and petroleum crises. Biodegradable fibres (bast, animals hair, stalk, seed etc.) has been used by researchers because of its low cost, low density, abundant in nature, high stiffness etc. over other man-made fibers. The majority of plant fibers which are being considered as reinforcement materials for polymer composites are bast fibers (the outer cell layers of various plants) such as hemp, jute, kenaf, grewia optiva etc. Among these fibers Grewia optiva is recently explored fiber and is presently being assessed as reinforcement in polymeric composites. In this paper, we have discussed and reviewed the extraction process of Grewia optiva fibers and various surface treatments such as graft copolymerization, mercerization, Benzoylation and silane methods for enhancement of the surface adhesion properties of Grewia optiva fibres with their matrice and the effects of these surface treatments on mechanical properties of such fabricated composites.
Abstract: In the past few decades, natural fibres have shown remarkable achievements in the field of reinforced polymer composites because of environmental issues and petroleum crises. Biodegradable fibres (bast, animals hair, stalk, seed etc.) has been used by researchers because of its low cost, low density, abundant in nature, high stiffness etc. over oth...
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X Ray and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy Analysis of Cristallographic Structure And Composition of Pavement Based Clay Materials
Hilaire Elenga,
Timothée Nsongo,
Bernard Mabiala,
David Bilembi,
Ferland Ngoro Elenga,
Balla Diop Ngom,
Aboubaker Chedikh Beye
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
83-87
Received:
29 December 2016
Accepted:
12 January 2017
Published:
10 February 2017
Abstract: In order to predicttechnological properties of local clay based materials mixed to wood waste and to prevent human health andenvironment, experimental mineral structure and composition study were conducted. The influence of wood waste on the structural properties of clay samples were also investigated. Non and stabilized clay sample at 4% of cement were made at different conditions and waste wood at different content have been incorporated. Mineralogical X-ray analysis was carried out using X- raydiffractometer with Geiger counter usingcobalt α radiationwith wavelength Å. inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP/AES) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP/OES) were used respectively to determine major, Minor and trace elements. The results showed that incorporation of wood waste has a strong effect on the crystallographic structure, making partially amorphous clay structure. It is found that the waste wood incorporating influence the lattice constants of the components of the clay and must be correlated to acid interaction. Chemical analysis of clay sample indicates kaolinite and SiO2 as a dominant clay minerals. The results has shown some trace and heavy metal contamination for human and environment.
Abstract: In order to predicttechnological properties of local clay based materials mixed to wood waste and to prevent human health andenvironment, experimental mineral structure and composition study were conducted. The influence of wood waste on the structural properties of clay samples were also investigated. Non and stabilized clay sample at 4% of cement...
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Metal Nanowires Subjected to Relavant Hydrated Metal Ions
Aiman Mukhtar,
Tahir Mehmood
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
88-94
Received:
9 February 2017
Published:
10 February 2017
Abstract: The hcp-Co and fcc-Ni nanowires with the diameter of ~ 50nm were successfully prepared at different overpotentials by using potentiostatic electrochemical deposition in the pores of AAO templates. The prepared nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the morphology of the nanowires was investigated by scanning electron microscope. In this study a new way is established to understand the growth rate of nanowires. The effect of work function on the growth rate of Co and Ni nanowires having same electrolyte’s concentration, same pH value, and same overpotentials, has been discussed. The growth rate of metal nanowires in ECD is determined by the tunneling current between a metal and hydrated metal ions. The higher the tunneling current, the higher will be the growth rate. The tunneling current probably relates to the work function of metal. The larger is the value of work function the lower is the probability of electron tunneling. Lowering the work function causes increase in the current density. The hydrated Co and Ni ions are of octahedral structure with M-O distance of 2.08 Å and 2.05 Å, respectively. The work function of Co is smaller, this lead to higher tunneling current density. Therefore, the measured current density is higher for Co than for Ni and the Co nanowires grow faster than that of the Ni nanowires.
Abstract: The hcp-Co and fcc-Ni nanowires with the diameter of ~ 50nm were successfully prepared at different overpotentials by using potentiostatic electrochemical deposition in the pores of AAO templates. The prepared nanowires were characterized by X-ray diffraction, and the morphology of the nanowires was investigated by scanning electron microscope. In ...
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Chemical Solution Deposition of Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7-x /CeO2/ La2Zr2O7 Multilayer Films on Biaxially-Textured Ni-W Tapes
Hongyan Li,
Xinni Tang,
Yuanqing Chen
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
95-98
Received:
4 February 2017
Accepted:
17 February 2017
Published:
2 March 2017
Abstract: CeO2/La2Zr2O7 composite buffer layers were deposited on Ni-W tapes using chemical solution method. YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films were then deposited on the CeO2/La2Zr2O7 composite buffer layers using a low-fluorine solution route. Effect of the annealing temperature and annealing atmosphere on the texture of the CeO2 layers was investigated. It was found that CeO2 film annealed at 1000°C under the atmosphere of N2 containing of 5vol. %H2 shows a high degree of c-orientation on La2Zr2O7 (LZO) film. Effect of oxygen partial pressure on the properties of YBCO films deposited on the CeO2/LZO buffer layers was also investigated. The YBCO annealed under N2 containing of 500ppm O2 shows the optimal properties, with critical current density (Jc) of 1MA/cm2 at 77K, 0T.
Abstract: CeO2/La2Zr2O7 composite buffer layers were deposited on Ni-W tapes using chemical solution method. YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) films were then deposited on the CeO2/La2Zr2O7 composite buffer layers using a low-fluorine solution route. Effect of the annealing temperature and annealing atmosphere on the texture of the CeO2 layers was investigated. It was foun...
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Mineral Phase Crystallization Sequence of Delta Steel Company (DSC), Ovwian-Aladja, Western Niger Delta Steelmaking Slag for Use as Material in Industry
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
99-107
Received:
5 January 2017
Accepted:
31 January 2017
Published:
7 March 2017
Abstract: Slag is a non-metallic by-product obtained in the refining of metals from metallic ores. Slag production at the Delta Steel Company (DSC), Ovwian-Aladja, western Niger Delta, follows the direct iron reduction steelmaking process. Fifteen company slag samples collected were examined by x-ray fluorescence, thin section petrography and electron microprobe analyses to establish the mineralogy and mineral crystallization sequence and thus explain their occurrences. The results show the presence of synthesized silicate minerals of belite, melilite and merwinite; calcium aluminate, wustite, periclase, perovskite and glass in the slag formed at between the temperatures of 1500°C and 500°C. Crystallization sequence is alpha (α) form of belite (1500°C-1420°C), alpha high (α/H) belite (1420°C-1160°C), alpha low (α/L) belite (1160°C-680°C, beta (β-) belite (680°C – 630°C), Melilite (1420°C-680°C), aluminate, merwinite, wustite, periclase, peruvskite and glass (630°C–500°C) in that order. This study has revealed that in behavior, synthetic minerals also crystallize from high to low temperature forms as is the case with natural minerals formed from silicate magmas. The forming behaviour of these minerals confers on them the important characteristics for industrial use as an industrial mineral compliment to natural materials.
Abstract: Slag is a non-metallic by-product obtained in the refining of metals from metallic ores. Slag production at the Delta Steel Company (DSC), Ovwian-Aladja, western Niger Delta, follows the direct iron reduction steelmaking process. Fifteen company slag samples collected were examined by x-ray fluorescence, thin section petrography and electron microp...
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A First-Principles Study of a New Heusler Alloy
Chen Chen,
Jingbo Ren,
Zhenguo Wang,
Lei Feng,
Wufeng Jiang,
Suju Hao
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2017
Pages:
108-111
Received:
20 January 2017
Accepted:
22 February 2017
Published:
9 March 2017
Abstract: A full-Heusler alloy Ti2NiGa have been investigated by first-principles calculations. The electronic structures and magnetic properties have been obtained. The compound is predicted to be a new half-metal ferrimagnet. The calculations show that there is an energy gap in the minority spin of the band structures, whereas the other spin is strongly metallic, which results in a complete spin polarization of the conduction electrons at the Fermi level. This is the obvious feature of a half-metal. The compound has a total magnetic moment of 3.0 µB per unit cell on first-principles calculations which is in excellent agreement with the Slater–Pauling (SP) rule. The magnetic moments of Ti (A) atom and Ti (B) atoms are different. This difference comes from different atom coordination surroundings of Ti (A) and Ti (B) atoms in crystal structure.
Abstract: A full-Heusler alloy Ti2NiGa have been investigated by first-principles calculations. The electronic structures and magnetic properties have been obtained. The compound is predicted to be a new half-metal ferrimagnet. The calculations show that there is an energy gap in the minority spin of the band structures, whereas the other spin is strongly me...
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