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Spintronics: Overview on Spin Based Electronics and Its Potential Applications
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
94-97
Received:
14 August 2021
Accepted:
3 September 2021
Published:
11 September 2021
Abstract: Spintronics is a branch of electronics that utilizes the spin of an electron to carry information. Spin is a quantum phenomenon and attracted researchers because it is an ideal way for representing logic “0" and “1" (used in electronics) with spin pointing “up" or “down" with respect to a magnetic field. Therefore, spin imparts itself into a new kind of binary logic of "one" and "zero". These characteristics open a new possibility of spintronics application in various fields such as magnetic storage technology and quantum computers. Spintronics is an emerging field for next-generation nanoelectronic devices to minimize their power consumption (which is the major issue in future microelectronics technology) and increase memory capabilities. This article briefly introduces the fundamentals of spintronics, progress in spintronics and its applications; it also features the current trend and challenging goal in this area.
Abstract: Spintronics is a branch of electronics that utilizes the spin of an electron to carry information. Spin is a quantum phenomenon and attracted researchers because it is an ideal way for representing logic “0" and “1" (used in electronics) with spin pointing “up" or “down" with respect to a magnetic field. Therefore, spin imparts itself into a new ki...
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Toward Low-Energy Spark-Plasma Sintering of Hot-Deformed Nd-Fe-B Magnets
Matic Korent,
Marko Soderznik,
Urska Rocnik,
Sandra Drev,
Kristina Zuzek Rozman,
Saso Sturm,
Spomenka Kobe,
Kristina Zagar Soderznik
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
98-107
Received:
24 August 2021
Accepted:
13 September 2021
Published:
29 September 2021
Abstract: High-coercivity Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets are key materials for producing electrical components on the macro- and nanoscale. We present a newly developed, economically efficient method for processing Nd-Fe-B magnets based on spark-plasma sintering (SPS) that makes it possible to retain the technologically essential properties of the magnet, but by consuming about 30% less energy compared to the conventional SPS process. A magnet with an anisotropic microstructure was fabricated from MQU-F commercial ribbons with a low energy consumption (0.37 MJ) during the deformation process and compared to a conventionally prepared hot-deformed magnet that consumed three-times more energy (1.2 MJ). Both magnets were post-annealed at 650°C for 120 min in a vacuum. After the post-annealing process, the low-energy processing (LEP) hot-deformed magnet exhibited a coercivity of 1327 kAm-1, and a remanent magnetization of 1.27 T. In comparison, the high-energy processing (HEP) hot-deformed magnet had a coercivity of 1337 kAm-1 and a remanent magnetization of 1.31 T. A complete microstructural characterization and detailed statistical analyses revealed a better texture orientation for the HEP hot-deformed magnet processed with the larger energy consumption. This texture is the main reason for the difference in the remanent magnetization between the two hot-deformed magnets. The results show that although the LEP hot-deformed magnet was processed with three-times less energy than in a typical hot-deformation process, the maximum energy product is only 8% lower than that of a HEP hot-deformed magnet.
Abstract: High-coercivity Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets are key materials for producing electrical components on the macro- and nanoscale. We present a newly developed, economically efficient method for processing Nd-Fe-B magnets based on spark-plasma sintering (SPS) that makes it possible to retain the technologically essential properties of the magnet, but by ...
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Heat Transfer and Solidification Methodology Involved in the Simulation of Steelmaking
Nitin Amratav,
Kulyant Kumar,
Megad Pillai
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
108-116
Received:
23 August 2021
Accepted:
6 September 2021
Published:
15 October 2021
Abstract: The research work done in the last three decades has made continuous casting an advanced and sophisticated technology. The continuous casting process comprises many complicated phenomena in terms of fluid flow, heat transfer and structural deformation. The important numerical modeling method of the continuous casting process has been discussed in reference in this work. The present work describes molten steel flow, heat transfer, solidification, formation of the shell by solidification and coupling, etc. Continuous casting process is presently a well-established manufacturing process for steel production. The continuous casting process comprises many complicated phenomena in terms of fluid flow, heat transfer, and structural deformation. To achieve efficient and effective production, the manufacturers of steel keep on searching for new methods which increase productivity. One such kind of method has become more popular to use optimizing using numerical modeling. It describes molten steel flow, formation of the shell by solidification. With the recent advancement in metallurgical methods, the continuous casting process now becomes the main method for steel production. To achieve efficient and effective production, the manufacturers of steel keep on searching for new methods which increase productivity. In this work, we have studied and reviewed the literature to provide current information on the numerical modeling of continuous casting processes.
Abstract: The research work done in the last three decades has made continuous casting an advanced and sophisticated technology. The continuous casting process comprises many complicated phenomena in terms of fluid flow, heat transfer and structural deformation. The important numerical modeling method of the continuous casting process has been discussed in r...
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Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste
Hilaire Elenga,
Ferland Ngoro-Elenga,
Martin Tchoumou,
Jude Ngakosso Ngolo,
Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby,
Timothée Nsongo
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
117-123
Received:
23 August 2021
Accepted:
22 September 2021
Published:
16 October 2021
Abstract: In this study, the authors evaluated the mechanical behavior of bricks made of clay material stabilized with 4% cement and mixed with different contents (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8%) of limba wood waste (sawdust and chips). The clayey raw material ANMK was characterized by the method of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on oriented sheets (normal, glycol and heated to 490°C), by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The chemical and mineralogical compositions of cement used were determined by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by X-ray diffraction. This clay material consists of 96% kaolinite and 4% of the chlorite / montmorillonite interstratified. The morphology of the material observed by scanning electron microscopy showed an irregularity of clusters. The elementary analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy shows that this material is essentially aluminosilicate. The chemical analysis of the cement showed a predominance of CaO (67%) and SiO2 (21%), however the mineralogical analysis showed the presence of calcite, alite, hatrurite and brownmillerite. This clay material has a mass shrinkage on drying of 26.6% and the linear shrinkage is 6.4%. The formulation with sawdust appears to give greater flexural and compressive strengths than those obtained with chips.
Abstract: In this study, the authors evaluated the mechanical behavior of bricks made of clay material stabilized with 4% cement and mixed with different contents (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8%) of limba wood waste (sawdust and chips). The clayey raw material ANMK was characterized by the method of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on oriented sheets (normal, glycol and heated to...
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Development and Research Status of ZA27 Zinc Alloy
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2021
Pages:
124-128
Received:
10 September 2021
Accepted:
15 October 2021
Published:
21 October 2021
Abstract: In recent years, due to the rapid development of industry, the manufacturing processing quality was required to be higher and higher day by day, which made a major breakthrough in the research of metal materials. A series of new technologies and processes have been developed. The application and promotion of these technologies and processes have greatly improved the technical level of the non-ferrous metal industry, especially in the field of zinc alloy. ZA27 zinc alloy received extensive attention during this period. ZA27 zinc alloy is widely used in automobiles, construction, household appliances, ships, light industry, machinery, batteries and other industries due to its excellent wear resistance, friction reduction and mechanical properties. For these reasons, ZA27 zinc alloy has become a good substitutive material for copper alloy. In this paper, according to the research history and current situation of ZA27 zinc alloy around the world, the effects of different adding elements and the characteristics of different processes were comparatively analyzed, and summarized the progress at home and abroad. At the same time, this paper pointed out the problems existing in the development and production of ZA27 zinc alloy, which provided the basis for the development of ZA27 zinc alloy in the future.
Abstract: In recent years, due to the rapid development of industry, the manufacturing processing quality was required to be higher and higher day by day, which made a major breakthrough in the research of metal materials. A series of new technologies and processes have been developed. The application and promotion of these technologies and processes have gr...
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