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Breast Cancer Screening: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Female Youths in Lugbe Community of Abuja Nigeria
Oluwatobi Joseph Adesokan,
Ebenezer Obi Daniel,
Paul Olaiya Abiodun,
Ahmed Mamuda Bello,
Kabir Yunusa Amari,
Israel Olukayode Popoola,
Christie Omolola Adams,
Olayinka Victor Ojo,
Adekola Odunlade
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-7
Received:
13 December 2020
Accepted:
21 December 2020
Published:
4 January 2021
Abstract: More than one million women are diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide each year and over half of whom will die from the disease. The most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death for women has been Breast cancer. Although, the prognosis of breast cancer has been improved via extensive breast cancer screening programmes and the development of new treatments. The goals of studies that focus on the early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have not yet been achieved and therefore, it is recognized that even among young people, knowledge about breast cancer is inadequate and the inadequacy of knowledge and practice make early diagnosis and effective treatment difficult. This study aimed at assessing Knowledge, Attitude and practice of young female in Lugbe community of Abuja, Nigeria. Three hundred and seventeen female youth participated in this cross-sectional descriptive study. Participants were recruited using Simple random sampling technique. A 52-item questionnaire on the self-reported knowledge, attitudes and practices towards breast cancer screening was formulated and used for data collection. A large proportion of the participants are between the age 21-25 (49.8%). About three quarter 241 (76%) of the respondents were single. This study revealed that 67.8% (215) of the respondents have good knowledge towards breast cancer screening while 32.2% (102) have poor knowledge about breast cancer screening, 80.1% (254) of the respondents have good attitudes towards breast cancer screening while 19.9% (63) have poor attitudes towards breast cancer screening and only 12.6% (254) of the respondents have good practices towards breast cancer screening while majority 87.4% (277) have poor practices towards breast cancer screening. There is a statistically significant association between marital status, highest educational level, occupation of female youths and knowledge about breast cancer screening while highest educational level, religion, occupation have statistical association with the attitudes of female youths towards breast cancer screening and Age-group, highest educational level have statistical association with practices towards breast cancer screening. This research has shown that majority of female youth have good knowledge and attitude about breast cancer screening but has poor practice towards breast cancer screening. Therefore, schools, community, religion centres and government should design programs that will create better awareness on the importance of breast cancer screening, how it is done, when and where breast cancer screening can be accessed. It is also indispensably important that screening facilities should be provided in primary health care centres to improve availability and accessibility to this essential life-saving service among young female population.
Abstract: More than one million women are diagnosed with breast cancer worldwide each year and over half of whom will die from the disease. The most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death for women has been Breast cancer. Although, the prognosis of breast cancer has been improved via extensive breast cancer screening programmes and the developme...
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Colorectal Carcinoma in Children and Adolescents in Low Middle Income Countries: Single Center Experience
Wael Zekri,
Soha Ahmed,
Ahmed Elhemaly,
Gehad Ahmed,
Eman Zaki,
Naglaa Elkinaee,
Amr Elnashar,
Marwan Adly,
Alaa Younes,
Asmaa Hamoda
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
8-13
Received:
18 December 2020
Accepted:
8 January 2021
Published:
22 January 2021
Abstract: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is rare in children with extremely poor prognosis. Proper management is obscure because of deficient data. The aim of the current study is to assess the clinical characteristics and to determine the different prognostic factors leading to dismal outcome. It is a retrospective study included all CRC patients, below 18 years, treated in Children’s Cancer Hospital of Egypt (CCHE) between 2007 and 2016. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, diagnostics, histological subtypes, disease stage, treatment methods, and survival outcome were collected. The result showed that, 15 patients below 18 years. All had unfavorable histopathology (mucinous adenocarcinoma) and 10 cases had metastatic disease. Initial surgical resection was done in 8/15 cases, all patients received neo adjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy. Four patients had rectal adenocarcinoma and were treated with chemo-radiotherapy while 11 had colonic adenocarcinoma. Ten patients had progression or relapse, while 12 died at the end of follow up period; 3-years Overall Survival (OS) and Event Free Survival (EFS) were 17.8% and 16.5% respectively, the only three surviving patients were of lower stage disease. In Conclusions, Clinical presentation of CRC in pediatrics is similar to adults but delayed diagnosis and advanced stages contribute to poor outcome which is due to the absence of familiarity to CRC. The high frequency of mucinous adenocarcinoma may explain the poor outcome. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment as in adults. Preoperative radiotherapy for rectal adenocarcinoma, offers better prognosis. Chemotherapy plays a role in the metastatic disease and can downstage the primary tumor for better local control.
Abstract: Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is rare in children with extremely poor prognosis. Proper management is obscure because of deficient data. The aim of the current study is to assess the clinical characteristics and to determine the different prognostic factors leading to dismal outcome. It is a retrospective study included all CRC patients, below 18 year...
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Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Neuroectodermal Tumor of Bone and Soft Tissue in Infants: A Report from Children Cancer Hospital of Egypt
Enas El Nadi,
Ahmed El Ghoneimy,
Maged El Shafiey,
Hala Taha,
Mohamed Saad Zaghlool,
Iman Zaki,
Nehal Kamal,
Nada Mounir,
Manal Amin
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
14-22
Received:
22 December 2020
Accepted:
11 January 2021
Published:
25 January 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive malignancy of bone and soft tissue. It is rare in children under age 5years. Ewing's sarcoma family tumors include classic Ewing’s sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumour and Askin tumor ES is the second most common variety of primary bone cancer in adolescents and young adults. The treatment strategy for ES is characterized by multi-disciplinary collaboration between pediatric oncologists, medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, and orthopedic surgeons. Although the survival rate of ES patients has improved, their prognosis remains unsatisfactory, and the treatment of ES is still challenging specially in age group below 3 years. Patients and methods: A Retrospective study of children below 3 years with a diagnosis Ewing Sarcoma/PNET treated at our CCHE from July 2009 till December 2018. Results: A review of 46 patients with age ranged from 3 months to 3 years, Mean of age was 1.8. Primary site was Osseous and extraosseus in 23 infant patients for each. Main site was mainly axial in 28 cases (60.8%). Cases were treated according to COG protocol. Infantile Ewing sarcoma OS and EFS at 5-years OS were 75.5% and 66.7%. Conclusion: Patients below 3 years represent an unusually young age group. Conclusion: ES/PNET in age below 3 years is a unique age group with a different management and outcome.
Abstract: Introduction: Ewing sarcoma is an aggressive malignancy of bone and soft tissue. It is rare in children under age 5years. Ewing's sarcoma family tumors include classic Ewing’s sarcoma, primitive neuroectodermal tumour and Askin tumor ES is the second most common variety of primary bone cancer in adolescents and young adults. The treatment strategy ...
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Differential Expression Profiles of Mitogenome Associated MicroRNAs Among Colorectal Adenomatous Polyps
LaShanale Wallace,
Karen Aikhionbare,
Saswati Banerjee,
Katie Peagler,
Mareena Pitts,
Xuebiao Yao,
Felix Aikhionbare
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
23-33
Received:
1 January 2021
Accepted:
19 January 2021
Published:
25 January 2021
Abstract: Colorectal tumors are mostly of epithelial origin and represent a wide spectrum of neoplasms. About 97% of colorectal cancer originating from benign lesions of adenomatous polyps are adenocarcinomas. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with oncogene and tumor suppressor genes regulation which are known to parallel the tissue abnormalities involved with tumorigenesis such as colorectal adenoma to adenocarcinoma. However, the differential expression patterns of mitochondrial associated microRNAs (referred as MitomiRs) among colorectal adenomatous polyps progression is yet to be determined. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the differential expressions profiles of MitomiRs (miR-24, miR-181, miR-210, miR-21 and miR378) in patients with colorectal adenomatous polyps tissues in correlation with clinicopathological tumor architectures of tubular, tubulovillous, villous adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Isolation of mitochondria RNA from colorectal adenomatous polyps, adenocarcinomas, and normal adjacent tissue samples was performed and assessed for mitochondrial associated miRNAs expression differences using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Data from this study demonstrates that mitochondria genome expression of mitomiRNAs; miR-24, miR-181, miR-210, miR-21 and miR-378 in colorectal tissue samples varies among the adenomatous polyps. Expression of mitomiRNAs 24, 181, 210 and 378 progressively increased from the precancerous of adenomatous polyps to adenocarcinoma. In addition, miR-210 and miR-181 expression increased 3 folds in villous adenomas and greater than 3 folds increased in miR378 in adenocarcinoma (p < 0.005) when compared to tubular adenoma. Meanwhile, miR-21 increased progressively in adenoma tissues but decreased almost 2.5 folds in adenocarcinomas when compared to villous adenoma tissues (p < 0.001). These results suggest mitomiRs may regulate important mitochondrial functional pathways leading to a more favorable environment for transformation or progression of colorectal adenomatous polyps into adenocarcinomas.
Abstract: Colorectal tumors are mostly of epithelial origin and represent a wide spectrum of neoplasms. About 97% of colorectal cancer originating from benign lesions of adenomatous polyps are adenocarcinomas. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating from mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with oncogene and tumor suppre...
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Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostical and Histopathological Aspects of Medular Compressions of Metastatic Origin
Jean Paul Engbang,
Mathieu Motah,
Basile Essola,
Landry Metso
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
34-40
Received:
26 January 2021
Accepted:
3 February 2021
Published:
10 February 2021
Abstract: Background: according to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, cancer metastasis constitutes a fast proliferation of abnormal cells which spread to other organs. Bone is the third most targeted organ behind the lungs and the liver, and the most frequent bone’s localizations are; the spine, pelvic bone and the ribs. Metastatic spinal compressions constitutes, a well-defined clinical entity of which the prevalence and incidence depends on the primitive tumor, Objective: To study the epidemiological, clinical, diagnosis and the histopathologic aspect of spinal cord metastatic compressions. Patients and method: It was a retrospective descriptive study over a period 10 years in the Douala General and Laquintinie Hospitals. We included in our study patients with slow spinal compression since January 1st 2010 to December 31st 2019. We included in our study, filled patients medical reports suffering of a primitive tumor which spread to the spine, with pathological and radiological evidence. Results: we recruited a total of 125 patients of which 68% where male and 32% female with a sex-ratio of 2.12, the mean age was 55.8 ± 15.397. The most frequent spine localization of metastasis was the lumbar region 57.1%. The spine pain was the main symptom seen in 98.4% associated to radicular nerf pain in 33.6%, sensibility and motor dysfunctions represented 94% and 92% respectively, and urinary dysfunction represented 44.8%. The diagnosis was essentially based on spine X-rays and was being realized in 64.8% of cases. Lytic lesions and bone condensation were the main abnormalities viewed with 22.4%. The second group of imaging was the CT-Scan and MRI done in 62.4%. The most represented primitive tumor was the prostate cancer 59 cases (47.25%) with adenocarcinoma as the main histological type 56 cases. Breast cancer came next with 32 cases (25.6%), invasive ductal carcinoma as the most represented histological type 26 cases (20.6%). The lung cancer came at the third position with 7 cases (10.4%) with the small cell carcinoma been the most represented histological type with 4.8%. Conclusion: spinal cord compression of metastatic origin is a frequent pathology in patients with osteophilic tumor, despite adequate measures, the prognosis remains unresolved. Emphasis should be placed on raising awareness of different early diagnostic measures.
Abstract: Background: according to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019, cancer metastasis constitutes a fast proliferation of abnormal cells which spread to other organs. Bone is the third most targeted organ behind the lungs and the liver, and the most frequent bone’s localizations are; the spine, pelvic bone and the ribs. Metastatic spinal compress...
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Assessment of Knowledge and Practices of Prostate Cancer Screening Among Men in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality in the Eastern Region of Ghana
Victoria Nartey Laweh,
Stephen Manortey
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
41-52
Received:
6 February 2021
Accepted:
16 February 2021
Published:
23 February 2021
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men 40 years and above globally. Incidence and mortality rates are higher in African men as they grow older. Prostate cancer is amenable to early detection by screening which can prevent and reduce cancer deaths. Unfortunately, it is often detected late in the Ghanaian population due to lack of voluntary screening. This study assessed the knowledge and practices of prostate cancer screening uptake among men in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality (LMKM) in the Eastern Region of Ghana. The study employed a cross-sectional design that used quantitative methods (structured questionnaire) to collect data from 363 respondents using a multistage sampling technique. Chi-square test statistics were used to estimate the association between the knowledge, practices and perception (dependent variables) and socio-demographic characteristics (independent variable) of respondents. Multiple binary logistic regression model was used to measure the strength of association between the variables at a 95% Confidence Interval. The majority (79.3%) of respondents were of the Ga-Adangme ethnic group, were in the 40-49 years age bracket (44.4%) and married (70.8%). Except for age group, marital status, ethnicity and number of biological children, all socio-demographic characteristics were significantly associated with prostate cancer screening uptake (p<0.05) but there was no significant association between socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge level on prostate cancer (p>0.05). Only religious affiliation and family history of prostate cancer were significantly associated with perceptions on prostate cancer. The study showed that most men in the Lower Manya Krobo Municipality were aware of prostate cancer. This, however, did not translate into practice. Public health interventions should have Ministry of Health liaise with the National Health Insurance Scheme to roll out a free prostate cancer screening and prevention program in the District hospitals to ensure early screening.
Abstract: Prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men 40 years and above globally. Incidence and mortality rates are higher in African men as they grow older. Prostate cancer is amenable to early detection by screening which can prevent and reduce cancer deaths. Unfortunately, it is often detected late in the Ghanaian population d...
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A Prospective Study of Early Postoperative Outcome of D2 Gastrectomy: A Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh
Nabir Hossain,
Ahsan Habib,
Quazi Habibullah
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
53-60
Received:
13 February 2021
Accepted:
27 February 2021
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Gastrectomy with proper lymphadenectomy is considered the cornerstone of treatment for potentially curable gastric cancer. Stomach cancer is one of the important leading causes of cancer related death in worldwide. Annually, it was diagnosed with 9, 89,600 new cases and 7, 38,000 deaths (10% of all cancer death) in worldwide. The overall prognosis is not very favorable. However, surgery in the form of gastrectomy is the only treatment modality for a chance of long term survival as well as hope for cure. Aim of the study: Aim of the study was to find outcome of Early Postoperative Outcome of D2 Gastrectomy. Material & Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of Surgical Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research & Hospital (NICRH), Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2020. A total 80 number of gastric cancer patients who were underwent gastrectomy were considered in this study. Statistical Analysis was performed with help of Epi Info (TM) 7.2.2.2. EPI INFO is a trademark of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Descriptive statistical analysis was performed to calculate the means with corresponding standard deviations. Results: The mean age (mean ± SD) of the patients was 49.10±8.32 years with range 28-66 years and the median age was 48.5 years. The age group 45-54 years (50.0%) were significantly higher than other age group (Z= 3.26; p<0.001). Only 5.0% were with age between 25-34 years and 27.5% of the patients were with age ≥55 years. Thus in this study the patients with age between were in higher risk of having gastric cancer. Proportion of males (75.0%) was significantly higher than that of females (25.0%) (Z=7.07; p<0.0001). Conclusion: Surgery for gastric cancer is the only hope for cure or long term survival in the arena of multimodal management of cancers. It provides quick symptom relief by loco regional control, adds to survival of the individual, cure in case of early gastric cancer and proper staging for planning of subsequent adjuvant treatment.
Abstract: Introduction: Gastrectomy with proper lymphadenectomy is considered the cornerstone of treatment for potentially curable gastric cancer. Stomach cancer is one of the important leading causes of cancer related death in worldwide. Annually, it was diagnosed with 9, 89,600 new cases and 7, 38,000 deaths (10% of all cancer death) in worldwide. The over...
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Buffy Coat Immunotranscriptomics for Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma
Gerardo Velez,
Harvey Pass,
Michele Carbone,
Haining Yang,
Chandra Goparaju
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
61-70
Received:
16 February 2021
Accepted:
5 March 2021
Published:
12 March 2021
Abstract: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a highly aggressive tumor primarily caused by asbestos exposure and associated with poor clinical outcomes. The availability of a robust non-invasive test for the screening of asbestos-exposed subjects is therefore an important unmet clinical need. It is widely recognized that the immune system can play a fundamental role in the control of tumor growth within an organism. Simultaneously, the presence of cancer cells can activate different immune cells to undergo various phenotypic and functional changes. Buffy coat—a novel circulating microenvironment of leukocytes and platelets—may thus reflect critical immuno-oncologic activity, pathways, and molecular programs. We hypothesized the immunotranscriptome of circulating buffy coat could accurately distinguish malignant pleural mesothelioma from high-risk asbestos exposure. Buffy coat RNA was extracted from 84 patients having resection: 40 patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma and 44 patients with asbestos exposure. Gene expression profiling was performed using a Pan Cancer Immune Panel for 770 immune genes and cytokines, and significantly different genes between cohorts were selected to develop diagnostic models. Using 1000 loops of cross validation, a 37 gene signature separated malignant pleural mesothelioma from asbestos exposure with a mean validation AUCS of 0.925. Our buffy coat immunotranscriptomic signature is at least comparable to the most commonly used blood-based diagnostic biomarker for MPM, serum mesothelin-related peptide. In addition, immunophenotyping and pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes characterized MPM buffy coat as a relatively tumorigenic and immunosuppressive state. Several of the most differentially expressed genes encode proteins implicated in cancer development (e.g., CD63, CD44, ISG15, CD59, IL1R2, and TAPBP) and may hold clinical value as therapeutic targets. Larger studies on externally validated cohorts are needed to refine the signature for clinical relevance and develop a more robust diagnostic panel.
Abstract: Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a highly aggressive tumor primarily caused by asbestos exposure and associated with poor clinical outcomes. The availability of a robust non-invasive test for the screening of asbestos-exposed subjects is therefore an important unmet clinical need. It is widely recognized that the immune system can play a fundament...
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Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Service Among Nurses in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Babajide Augustine Owolabi,
Prisca Olabisi Adejumo
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
71-78
Received:
17 February 2021
Accepted:
9 March 2021
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: Cervical cancer is a preventable cause of death among women especially in developing nations which can be prevented through regular and timely screening. Nurses who are assume to be knowledgeable about cervical cancer screening options and ought to act as leading examples in utilization of cervical cancer screening services, however studies have documented otherwise, The purpose of this study therefore, is to evaluate the Utilization of Cervical Cancer Screening Service among Nurses in Ekiti State, as little literary study have been done on the topic among nurses in the setting. A mixed method design study was conducted in four health facilities that were purposively selected in Ekiti State, Nigeria. A total of 278 consenting nurses participated in the study. Data were collected using self- structured questionnaire and interview guide. Data were analyzed using chi square and Student's t-test at p = 0.05. Nurses’ mean age was 35 years with average work experience of 10 years. Results from the study shows that a preponderance of the nurses which stood at 75.8% had never been screened for cervical cancer while only 24.2 have been screened and 90.6% willing to be screened if given the opportunity. It was observed that Nurses’ avoid cervical screening exercise as a result of the following; lack of time, fear of positive result, embarrassment of exposing the vulva to the opposite sex, cost implication and spiritual assurance that they can never be a victim of cervical cancer. Also 164 (59.2%) of the participants had adequate knowledge about cervical cancer screening, while slightly more than half 143 (51.6%) of the respondent had positive attitude towards cervical cancer screening, There was also a significant association between years of professional practice and utilization of cervical cancer screening service as p value was 0.003 This implies that participants who had longer years of professional experience are more likely to utilize cervical cancer screening services than those who had shorter years of professional experience. Therefore, the null-hypothesis was rejected. it was also noted that participants’ level of academic education did not determine whether or not their attitude was positive or negative as the p value gotten was 0.544 The null-hypothesis was not rejected. It was concluded that nurse’s utilisation rate was very low. Thus, regular educational programs on cervical cancer, government and hospital management should make policies that will encourage utilization of cervical cancer screening among nurses are recommended.
Abstract: Cervical cancer is a preventable cause of death among women especially in developing nations which can be prevented through regular and timely screening. Nurses who are assume to be knowledgeable about cervical cancer screening options and ought to act as leading examples in utilization of cervical cancer screening services, however studies have do...
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Lumpectomy Versus Mastectomy in Breast Cancer: Comparison of Postoperative Consequences and Treatment Progress
Md. Ashiqur Rahman,
Farida Arjuman,
Shahida Alam,
Mohammad Ibrahim Khalil,
Quazi Habibullah,
Khandakar A. B. M. Abdullah Al Hasan,
Farhana Afroz,
Nazneen Naher Aymon
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
79-84
Received:
26 January 2021
Accepted:
17 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: Background: Lumpectomy and mastectomy remain the main surgical procedure of breast cancer as a part of treatment as well as management. This study was aimed to compare the early post-operative outcomes of lumpectomy (BCS) versus mastectomy (MRM). Methods: It was an observational study conducted at the Department of Surgical Oncology of National Institute of Cancer Research and Hospital (NICRH), Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from October 2016 to January 2019. The study sample consisted of 264 cancer patients who admitted in the hospital. The purposive sampling was done following inclusion criteria. Having collection of data, chi-square test was done to see the association of breast cancer among female patients. Results: Out of 264, 200 (75.75%) patients underwent mastectomy (MRM) and remaining percentage of patients underwent lumpectomy. The mean age of the patients was 37.69 (SD±10.31) and 44.82 (SD±7.65) in lumpectomy and mastectomy group respectively. Wound infection was present among 12.5% and 24% lumpectomy and mastectomy patients. Subsequently, seroma was present among 18.75% and 54% patients who underwent lumpectomy (BCS) and mastectomy (MRM) respectively which was statistically significant (P<0.014). Flap necrosis was found only among 16% mastectomy patients (P<0.04). There was significant difference in income and education among lumpectomy and mastectomy patients. However, the mean duration of hospital stay was 6.06±0.85 days and 17.70±4.70 days in lumpectomy (BCS) and mastectomy (MRM) group respectively which was statistically significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed that lumpectomy (BCS) had early recovery and better post-operative treatment progress than mastectomy (MRM).
Abstract: Background: Lumpectomy and mastectomy remain the main surgical procedure of breast cancer as a part of treatment as well as management. This study was aimed to compare the early post-operative outcomes of lumpectomy (BCS) versus mastectomy (MRM). Methods: It was an observational study conducted at the Department of Surgical Oncology of National Ins...
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