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Involvement of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus in the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Fernando Seiji Morais,
Caio Santos Bonilha,
Emerson Carraro
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
1-10
Received:
21 November 2014
Accepted:
8 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV) is a virus belonging to the human Polyomavirus family. After its discovery and detection in approximately 80% of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) tumors, it has been associated with this rare and aggressive skin cancer that primarily affects elderly and immunosuppressed people. In this study, a systematic review was developed to gather and evidence information about the involvement of MCV infection in the development of MCC. An analysis was performed in the PubMed database in order to find articles to answer the purpose of this present study. Ninety-seven articles met the criteria, forty-six of them investigated the prevalence of MCV in MCC clinical samples, and all showed that the MCV-MCC association exists, with the viral presence ranging from 18 to 100% in MCC tumors. In addition, results pointing to the MCV potential carcinogenic, infection, transmission and replication mechanisms, or even possible disease markers or therapeutic evaluations were found. Current literature has demonstrated frequent involvement of MCV in MCC, with survey of some disease indicative laboratory markers and possible therapeutic evaluations.
Abstract: Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCV) is a virus belonging to the human Polyomavirus family. After its discovery and detection in approximately 80% of Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC) tumors, it has been associated with this rare and aggressive skin cancer that primarily affects elderly and immunosuppressed people. In this study, a systematic review was develo...
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New Treatments for Chagas Disease and the Relationship between Chagasic Patients and Cancers
Viviane M. de Oliveira,
Luana T. Mendes,
Durinézio J. Almeida,
Lucas V. B. Hoelz,
Pedro H. M. Torres,
Pedro Geraldo Pascutti,
Guilherme Barroso L. de Freitas
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
11-29
Received:
28 November 2014
Accepted:
1 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: Chagas disease is an infectious illness with a broad distribution throughout the South American and African continents, importantly influencing human morbidity and mortality and a controversial relationship with the onset of cancers, especially of the gastrointestinal tract system. In addition, it is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as one ofthe most neglected tropical diseases. Although Chagas disease (CD) was discovered more than 100 years ago, the existing therapies show low efficacy and serious side effects and developing safer and more effective drugs remains a hard challenge. Thus, this review highlights the main, novel and promising treatments against Trypanosoma cruzi, including biomacromolecules, natural products, vaccines, and metabolic pathway targets and highlights a worsening of esophageal cancer prognosis in chagasic patients. Moreover, we also discuss the perspectives of obtaining original optimized drugs that take advantage of organic and inorganic medicinal chemistry advances, as well as molecular modeling and biotechnology.
Abstract: Chagas disease is an infectious illness with a broad distribution throughout the South American and African continents, importantly influencing human morbidity and mortality and a controversial relationship with the onset of cancers, especially of the gastrointestinal tract system. In addition, it is listed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as...
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Risks and Forms of Cancer Associated with Alcohol Consumption
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
30-33
Received:
28 November 2014
Accepted:
6 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: Although alcohol has been considered a carcinogenic agent for a long time, there still was a lot of controversy about many questions on the role of alcohol in several types of cancer. During the last few years some studies have been trying to address these many issues and the understanding about this topic has greatly increased. Some of these data have been gathered and highlighted in this review as a way to demonstrate if and/or how alcohol consumption, in combination or not with other unsafe lifestyle habits, in fact represents a risk factor for some cancer types that it has been associated with.
Abstract: Although alcohol has been considered a carcinogenic agent for a long time, there still was a lot of controversy about many questions on the role of alcohol in several types of cancer. During the last few years some studies have been trying to address these many issues and the understanding about this topic has greatly increased. Some of these data ...
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Can Capsaicin Present in Food Act as Carcinogenic, Antitumor or Both
Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas,
Najeh Maissar Khalil,
Iara José de Messias-Reason
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
34-41
Received:
28 November 2014
Accepted:
1 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: Pepper is amongst the most widely consumed spices in the world. However, what few people know, is that the pungent substance responsible for its blazing characteristic has many other biological properties, e.g. analgesic, antiinflammatory, antitumor and even carcinogenic. Several studies have discussed the antitumor and carcinogenic potential of this secondary metabolite. Nevertheless, the literature still lacks a comprehensive study relating the biological effects of capsaicin with the consumed dose, for both pharmacological and toxicological mechanisms. To solve this deficiency, the aim of this study was to discuss in details all the points mentioned above, in order to clarify the major questions about the subject.
Abstract: Pepper is amongst the most widely consumed spices in the world. However, what few people know, is that the pungent substance responsible for its blazing characteristic has many other biological properties, e.g. analgesic, antiinflammatory, antitumor and even carcinogenic. Several studies have discussed the antitumor and carcinogenic potential of th...
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Colorful, Cute, Attractive and Carcinogenic: The Dangers of Dyes
Durinézio José de Almeida,
Gabriela Datsch Bennemann,
Camila Cristina Bianchi,
Guilherme Barroso L. de Freitas
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
42-48
Received:
29 November 2014
Accepted:
3 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: Azo dyes and their derivatives have been linked to cases of bladder, prostate, esophagus, rectum, stomach and ovary cancer. These dyes are quite common on food, however, several countries have revised its use and reassessed what are the acceptable concentrations of these pigments. Twilight Yellow and Tartrazine are two azo dyes allowed on food in many countries around the world, they are used for the preparation of gelatins, cake, juices, ready soft drinks, candies, chewing gum, snacks, crackers and etc. Among children and adolescents, the consumption of these foods is common, which can lead to high dye levels in the body. This study examined the concentration of Twilight Yellow and Tartrazine dyes in food consumed by children in Brazilian schools. The results indicated that high consumption of sweets tends to exceed the acceptable daily intake of dyes. Moreover, many products have levels above the allowed by the Brazilian legislation, which increases the risk of cancer.
Abstract: Azo dyes and their derivatives have been linked to cases of bladder, prostate, esophagus, rectum, stomach and ovary cancer. These dyes are quite common on food, however, several countries have revised its use and reassessed what are the acceptable concentrations of these pigments. Twilight Yellow and Tartrazine are two azo dyes allowed on food in m...
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The Risk of Relationship between Hormonal Replacement Therapy and Cancer
Thiele Osvaldt Rosales,
Iara Patrícia Albrecht,
Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
49-56
Received:
10 December 2014
Accepted:
13 December 2014
Published:
27 January 2015
Abstract: Menopause is an endocrine condition due to the decline in ovarian activity, which occurs in all women and is characterized as a progressive hypoestrogenism. To minimize damage from lack hormonal activity, hormone replacement therapy has been developed (TRH), which is widely used around the world, often without criteria pre-established. Thus, this study aims to identify hormonal therapies used postmenopausal and relate them to the development of tumors. In addition, identify the criteria for the use of HRT, the utilization time and women who are part of the risk groups are also objectives of this study. In the beginning, the clinical methodology of HRT included only estrogen, but epidemiological studies have observed that the progestin presence is essential in endometrial hyperplasia control adding to the therapy. Progestogens act depending on its molecular structure, and consequently selectivity, or may interact with other steroid receptors. From this interaction, different pharmacodynamic answers about importance in the development of tumors can be observed, ie, progesterone activity, estrogen, antiestrogen, androgen and / or antiandrogen. In view of the mechanism of carcinogen administration of estrogens, it can be said that HRT increases the risk of breast, uterus and ovary cancer. However, the estrogenic actions may be adjusted when there is administration of progestin drugs and with antiestrogenic and antiandrogenic actions. Given this, in menopausal women, it is advisable to trace gynecological cancer, before, during and after any therapeutic interventions, and the decision of using and the choice of HRT on an individual basis, through a careful assessment of signs and symptoms and long-term risk.
Abstract: Menopause is an endocrine condition due to the decline in ovarian activity, which occurs in all women and is characterized as a progressive hypoestrogenism. To minimize damage from lack hormonal activity, hormone replacement therapy has been developed (TRH), which is widely used around the world, often without criteria pre-established. Thus, this s...
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Oriented Physical Exercise and Sports Nutrition and the Risk of Growth of Tumours
Bruno Tratz,
Guilherme Barroso Langoni de Freitas
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
57-63
Received:
10 December 2014
Accepted:
13 December 2014
Published:
27 January 2015
Abstract: The health and life quality of men can be preserved and improved using a regular practice of physical activities. It is well known that when properly oriented, the physical exercise can combat several diseases, e. g. cardiovascular, metabolic and even physiological, such as depression. However, the higher oxygen consumption, as well as the activation of specific metabolic pathways during and after the exercises results in the formation of free radicals. Exhausting physical exercises of high intensity elevate the risk of diseases, like pulmonary emphysemas, inflammation, aging and increased risk of damage in the DNA with consequent carcinogenesis. The excessive elevation of free radicals without the optimal accompaniment of antioxidants induces a psychopathological stage known as oxidative stress, which generates lipids, damages to proteins and to the DNA, becoming cytotoxic or causing changes in the cellular functions and even in the tissues. This is a common occurrence in drug users, overexposure to environmental factors such as sun light, metabolic alterations originated from obesity or diabetes, and even physical exercises. There is general agreement that physical training and adequate alimentation, besides protecting against some types of cancer, increases the aspects of anti-tumor immunity and reduces inflammatory mediators. Evidences suggest that the prophylactic effect of the exercise can be attributed to the anti-inflammatory effects mediated by the regular practice of exercises, through the reduction of visceral fat and increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation. This study had as objective to demonstrate the importance of a well targeted training, for the performance of physical activities in an adequate intensity associated to antioxidant supplementation, in order to prevent excessive physical wear and appearing of oxidative stress.
Abstract: The health and life quality of men can be preserved and improved using a regular practice of physical activities. It is well known that when properly oriented, the physical exercise can combat several diseases, e. g. cardiovascular, metabolic and even physiological, such as depression. However, the higher oxygen consumption, as well as the activati...
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