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Risk Factors for Breast Cancer in a Pure African Society, Impact of Age, Reproductive History, Family History and Breast Feeding
Alice Constance Mensah,
Joel Yarney,
kaku Sagary Nokoe,
Samuel Opoku
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
82-87
Received:
21 July 2014
Accepted:
29 July 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in female’s worldwide. The objective of the study was to identify the extent to which selected demographic, hormonal and reproductive factors influence the cause of breast cancer using the logistic regression technique to determine the risk of getting the disease. Two thousand three hundred and ninety seven (2397) women were sampled for the study from the Korle-bu Teaching Hospital, of which 1022 (42.64%) were diagnosed with breast cancer between the periods January 2002 to December 2008. Breast feeding, late menarche, contraceptive usage, and time interval between age at menarche and age at menopause all decreased the risk of breast cancer development (OR = 2.306, <0.0001). Later age at menopause on the other hand increased the risk of breast cancer development. It is recommended that governmental or nongovernmental organizations improve on health education/campaigns about breast cancer to create awareness and reduce mortality.
Abstract: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in female’s worldwide. The objective of the study was to identify the extent to which selected demographic, hormonal and reproductive factors influence the cause of breast cancer using the logistic regression technique to determine the risk of getting the di...
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Disulfiram and Copper Gluconate in Cancer Chemotherapy; a Review of the Literature
Georgewill Udeme Owunari,
Siminialayi Iyeopu Minakiri
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
88-92
Received:
2 September 2014
Accepted:
16 September 2014
Published:
30 September 2014
Abstract: Repurposing non- cancer related drugs with possible antitumoral activities is a promising strategy for identifying prospective new anticancer drugs in a cost efficient and time saving way. Repurposing disulfiram has recently become of interest because of its pre-clinically described anticancer effects against various human cancers, which include breast, cervical, colorectal, lung, melanoma, prostate as well as myeloma and leukaemia. Epidemiological studies reveal a trend to reduced cancer risks in cancer patients using disulfiram for chronic alcoholism treatment while already reported literature point to the efficacy of disulfiram on cancer cell lines. Disulfiram has been shown to be effective either as a stand alone or in combination with other drugs against metastatic liver cancer, lung cancer, prostate cancer, glioblastoma and melanoma. Preclinical studies indicate that disulfiram when combined with copper ions acts as a proteasome inhibitor, to induce oxidative stress, reduce NFƙB (Nuclear factor ƙappa Binding) activity and enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. This study analyzed existing literature and found that disulfiram in combination with copper gluconate is a promising therapeutic agent for use in cancer chemotherapy.
Abstract: Repurposing non- cancer related drugs with possible antitumoral activities is a promising strategy for identifying prospective new anticancer drugs in a cost efficient and time saving way. Repurposing disulfiram has recently become of interest because of its pre-clinically described anticancer effects against various human cancers, which include b...
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Chemoimmunotherapy Resistant Follicular Lymphoma – A Single Institutional Study
Sampath Kumar-Kandala Jeevan,
Roshni Paul-Tara,
Shantiveer Uppin,
Megha Uppin,
Kavitha Bali,
Sundaram- Challa,
Raghunadha Rao
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
93-97
Received:
10 September 2014
Accepted:
17 September 2014
Published:
30 September 2014
Abstract: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent form of non Hodgkin lymphoma and characterized by initial response to treatment with inevitable relapse. Rituximab, is an anti CD20 monoclonal antibody, plays an important role in combination chemoimmunotherapy in treatment of symptomatic follicular lymphoma. Though rituximab is helpful in reducing the tumor burden in patients of follicular lymphoma, a significant proportion of patients were found to have resistance to rituximab and eventually progressed to high grade lymphoma. In this study we evaluated chemoimmunotherapy (CIR) resistant patients to know the incidence, predictive factors associated with CIR resistance and prognosis. This is a retrospective study, included 49 patients of follicular lymphoma, of these 12 (24.5%) demonstrated CIR resistance. On univariate analysis, high LDH values, advanced stage and high FLIPI score may predict the resistance of CIR therapy in initial stage of therapy. Overall, 7 patients (58.3%) progressed to high grade lymphoma (biopsy proven) and 2 (16.6%) died of disease progression in CIR resistant patients. Progressive free survival significantly reduced in CIR resistant patients (26 months) than CIR responders.
Abstract: Follicular lymphoma (FL) is the most common indolent form of non Hodgkin lymphoma and characterized by initial response to treatment with inevitable relapse. Rituximab, is an anti CD20 monoclonal antibody, plays an important role in combination chemoimmunotherapy in treatment of symptomatic follicular lymphoma. Though rituximab is helpful in reduci...
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Active Surveillance Criteria for Prostate Cancer Amongst Dutch Urologists
Erwin Hendrik Denies,
Filip Weckx,
Rob Schipper,
Bart Schrier
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2014
Pages:
98-101
Received:
23 September 2014
Accepted:
8 October 2014
Published:
20 October 2014
Abstract: Introduction: This survey amongst Dutch urologists aimed to investigate their criteria before enrolling patients to active surveillance (AS) and managing follow-up. Materials and Methods: An online survey was distributed to 421 Dutch urologists. Demographics, enrollment criteria, intervention criteria and the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in AS were questioned. Results: 15% responded and completed the survey. A major 98% see AS as an alternative treatment for low-risk prostate cancer (PCa). 79% felt that patients with a PSA ≤10 ng/ml were eligible for AS and 74% felt that patients required a Gleason score ≤6 for admitting to AS. There was agreement on the timing of second biopsies but, not for subsequent biopsies. 58% see a role for MRI in AS. Conclusions: Dutch urologists are accepting AS. They were in agreement regarding enrollment criteria, the best time for second biopsy, but there was no agreement on the timing of follow-up biopsies.
Abstract: Introduction: This survey amongst Dutch urologists aimed to investigate their criteria before enrolling patients to active surveillance (AS) and managing follow-up. Materials and Methods: An online survey was distributed to 421 Dutch urologists. Demographics, enrollment criteria, intervention criteria and the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI...
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