Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and the Occurrences of Birth Complications Among Women of Reproductive Age in Gewane Woreda, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia
Bayush Gizachew Chuluko,
Sileshi Garoma Abeya
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
1-9
Received:
9 November 2017
Accepted:
16 November 2017
Published:
5 January 2018
Abstract: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), one of the most deeply rooted, harmful traditional practices, is still highly prevalent in many African countries, including Ethiopia. The reproductive health complications of FGM/C include acute hemorrhage, painful sexual life, the inability-to-conceive, fistula, and death secondary to birth complications. This study was aimed to assess the magnitude, associated factors and birth outcomes of FGM/C among women of reproductive age groups (15-49 years) in Gewane, Woreda from July 4 to 17, 2016. A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted using quantitative data collection methods. A sample of 792 women who ever gave birth was selected using systematic random methods. Data was collected using pretested questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Chi-square and logistic regression models were used to analyze and find the associations between the study variables. The prevalence of FGM/C among childbearing women was 90.8%. Infibulations (WHO Type III) was the predominantly (86.1%) practiced type of FGM/C. Higher age (AOR, 11.56; 95% CI: 2.56, 48.39), Afar Ethnic group (AOR, 4.55; 95% CI: 1.95-10.61), literate (AOR, 0.35; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.81) were factors significantly associated with FGM/C. A statistically significant association (P< 0.05) was found between FGM/C and perineal lacerations, episiotomy, postpartum complications, postpartum hemorrhage, wound infection, and stillbirth. FGM/C was highly prevalent in the study area. Infibulation, WHO Type III was the most severe form of FGM/C widely practiced. Age, ethnicity and literacy were associated with FGM/C. Women with Type III FGM/C was at higher risk of having birth and postpartum complications. Education, culturally sound community awareness raising programs, and enforcing legislation are recommended to reduce the adverse outcomes associated with FGM/C.
Abstract: Female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), one of the most deeply rooted, harmful traditional practices, is still highly prevalent in many African countries, including Ethiopia. The reproductive health complications of FGM/C include acute hemorrhage, painful sexual life, the inability-to-conceive, fistula, and death secondary to birth complications...
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Social and Economic Burden of Cancer on 2020-Minireview
Vairakannu Tamizhazhagan,
Kannaiyan Pugazhendy,
Veerasamy Sakthidasan,
Chokkalingam Jayanthi,
Selvaraj Rajesh,
Perumal Manikanadan
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
10-15
Received:
13 November 2017
Accepted:
24 November 2017
Published:
5 January 2018
Abstract: Natural products have been provided as a rich source of a lead compound for drug development against an extensive array of biological targets including an assortment of forms of cancer. Induction of apoptosis as an involuntary cell passing amalgamation for wiping out superfluous cells in tissues is a part of the effectual strategies to the kill of tumor and cancer cells. The current scenario conventional medicinal plant is becoming a popular use of various disease treatments, preventive medicine, and health promotion generally categorized as alternative or complementary medicine in the contemporary scenario. Herbal medicine contains be exploited by indigenous people for generations to treat many different health conditions such as hay fever, bad-tempered bowel syndrome Menstrual Problem and skin conditions currently there is great public interest in finding herbal medicinal plant species to cure major diseases like cancer. Plants have been noteworthy role in as long as the human competition with remedies. The World Health Organization (WHO) has participated that the numeral of new cancer cases will go to 15 million by the year 2020. Cancer is dependable for 12% of the world’s mortality and the second-leading effect of death in the Western world. Communicable and communicable diseases limited chances for a cure by chemotherapy are a most important contributing factor to this typical situation. This review reports motivates to young pharmacy and Life Science field.
Abstract: Natural products have been provided as a rich source of a lead compound for drug development against an extensive array of biological targets including an assortment of forms of cancer. Induction of apoptosis as an involuntary cell passing amalgamation for wiping out superfluous cells in tissues is a part of the effectual strategies to the kill of ...
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Fractional Dynamics of Cancer Cells and the Future of Research in Biomedicine
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
16-19
Received:
5 December 2017
Accepted:
13 December 2017
Published:
12 January 2018
Abstract: Following our previous works on fractional biophysical issues such as fractional dynamics of protein folding process and fractional dynamics of cancer cells and their branching processes, in this work we further develop these issues and propose a new fractional biomechanics of cancer cells. In this short note we present some promising models for future studies in biomedicine, including constant and variable order fractional Maxwell and Kelvin–Voigt models to study the mechanics of cancer cells. We also emphasize that fractional calculus will play a vital and central role in the understanding of the complexities that occur when we deal with the phenomena and processes in the realm of bioscience and biomedicine and particularly in physics of cancer.
Abstract: Following our previous works on fractional biophysical issues such as fractional dynamics of protein folding process and fractional dynamics of cancer cells and their branching processes, in this work we further develop these issues and propose a new fractional biomechanics of cancer cells. In this short note we present some promising models for fu...
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Alu and Poet Ankyrine Detection and Quantization in Cell Free Dna of Cancer Patients
Ahmed Darweesh Jabbar,
Safa Abdul Ilah Faraj,
Tariq Dawood Salman,
Sarah Majed Kadhum,
Zainab Dhiyaa Jabuori
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
20-25
Received:
21 December 2017
Accepted:
15 January 2018
Published:
5 March 2018
Abstract: In this study, specimens of plasma were collected from 96 from patient diagnosed with cancer from Al Karama teaching hospital. Also plasma collected from 25 healthy individual as control. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted from 1ml plasma using high pure viral Nucleic Acid Kit as an alternative to high expensive cfDNA kit. cfDNA extracted according to the manufacturer’s instructions, but without the use of carrier RNA. This represent the first recorded method of using viral nucleic acid extraction kit for collection of cell free DNA. Results indicate that all cancer samples show significant increase of cfDNA in compare with control (p 0.01). and this dramatic increase in DNA concentration provide good indicator about health condition. DNA integrity have been checked depending on amplification of Arthrobacter luteus (Alu sequence). Both small (115) and large (247) large Alu stretches have amplified using RT PCR using SYBR green dye. Results shows that integrity of DNA extracted from patients and control are suitable for any further molecular investigation, and short Alu repeats are much less abundant in health individual in compare with cancer patient of all cancer types under study. Depending on these results one can conclude that almost all DNA obtained from normal patients is finely fragmented due to apoptosis action and that’s why give very little positive. results in compare with corresponding cancer patient which release large DNA fragments resulted from necrosis and NK/Tc cells activity, which is amplifiable more efficiently. In this work another molecular study conducted to investigate the cancer specific sequences. Since we deals with different cancers type in this study, two types of prostate, ovary, testis expressed protein (POTE Ankyrine) were tested 2α and 2β. Results shows that almost all healthy group were negative for specific POTE test while cancer patient samples are positive for POTE specific amplification. This results are promising since it could be developed to be a building block of cfDNA cancer tests.
Abstract: In this study, specimens of plasma were collected from 96 from patient diagnosed with cancer from Al Karama teaching hospital. Also plasma collected from 25 healthy individual as control. Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was extracted from 1ml plasma using high pure viral Nucleic Acid Kit as an alternative to high expensive cfDNA kit. cfDNA extracted accordin...
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Assessment of Serum Tryptase Activity Among Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients Visiting Hematology-Oncology Clinic at TikurAnbessa Specialized Hospital, and Comparison with Healthy Controls
Endriyas Kelta,
Frank Ashall,
Abdulaziz Abubeker
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2018
Pages:
26-37
Received:
3 January 2018
Accepted:
29 January 2018
Published:
5 March 2018
Abstract: Tryptase is a serine protease that is expressed in leukemic cells of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and in blasts of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Tryptase may be useful for diagnosis, assessment of severity of disease (leukemic cell burden), monitoring minimal residual disease and prognosis of AML and CML patients. The main objective of this study was to assess the serum levels of tryptase activity among CML and AML patients and to compare the serum levels of tryptase activity of acute and chronic myeloid leukemia patients with each other and with those of healthy controls. To meet this objective, a hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among CML and AML patients from February 2016 up to December 2016. Serum samples were obtained from 24 AML, 60 CML and 35 healthy controls. Fluorogenic assays for serum tryptase activity using aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) peptide derivative were carried out. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version 20. Descriptive statistics, Paired Samples T-test, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test and Spearman’s rho test were used to investigate any correlation among different parameters. The minimum level of statistical significance was set at p-value <0.05. Accordingly, the mean and median serum levels of tryptase activity were significantly higher in patients with AML and CML than in the healthy controls (P-value < 0.05). CML patients in chronic phase (CP) and secondary AML patients had significantly higher mean and median serum levels of tryptase activity than CML patients in accelerated/blast phase (AP/BP) and de novo AML patients (p-value < 0.05). These elevated mean and median levels of serum tryptase activities were due to a subset of individuals with elevated serum tryptase levels (41.7 % of AML & 30 % of CML); the remaining leukemic individuals (58.3 % AML & 70 % of CML) had normal serum levels of tryptase activity. Finally, it was concluded that the serum tryptase level might be a useful diagnostic and prognostic marker in a subset of patients with CML and AML. However, further studies that incorporate other protocols such as tryptase immunoassay are warranted to exclude contaminant non-tryptase proteases from the serum samples.
Abstract: Tryptase is a serine protease that is expressed in leukemic cells of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients and in blasts of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Tryptase may be useful for diagnosis, assessment of severity of disease (leukemic cell burden), monitoring minimal residual disease and prognosis of AML and CML patients. The main objec...
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