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Current Armenian Society: The Rise of Radical Attitudes
Gevorg Poghosyan,
Vladimir Osipov
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
242-247
Received:
11 September 2018
Accepted:
28 September 2018
Published:
24 October 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.11
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Abstract: This article discusses radicalism as a phenomenon that has become widespread throughout the world, extremism and terrorism that it engenders and the meaning, content and correlation of the key concepts as well as sources, root causes and manifestation forms of those phenomena. Effective fight against those intricate phenomena is hampered by the absence of their common interpretation and agreed-upon definitions and of a well-established methodological foundation for their research. Factors that generate and sustain radicalism and extremism include increase in social injustice and inequality, the growing scope of poverty, unemployment and corruption, the dismantling of the system of social guarantees, legal insecurity of person and property, refusal from democratic reforms, the strengthening of authoritarian tendencies, weak rule-of-law State and civil society, the disintegration of a traditional value system, latent and explicit normative conflicts, the lack of access to effective political and educational institutions, the impossibility to change the current state of affairs through democratic methods, the absence of channels for venting out discontent and unwillingness on the part of State entities and political actors to take public discontent into consideration. It is important to note that radicalism and support extremism are also boosted by unjustified and unlawful use of violence by State agencies as well as violation of fundamental human rights and freedoms of individuals that are suspected of committing terrorist acts and/or of holding membership in a banned extremist organization. The process of radicalization of the Armenian society has been going on for a long time. It can be accounted for by the fact that the public at large made certain demands as it had certain expectations for the authorities, while the authorities, in their turn, either reacted slowly, with a delay or did not react at all. In the quarter-century after gaining independence, Armenia experienced several outbreaks of political radicalism, which at times grew into extremist and even terrorist actions. The economic crisis, the blockade of roads, migration and unemployment serve as a fertile ground for the growth of protest sentiments, especially among Armenian youth. While youth activism is sometimes perceived with enthusiasm, it should be borne in mind that any social confrontation and civil disobedience have their inner logic of evolution. The situation may deteriorate progressively because radicalization is the most likely scenario in the dynamic of social confrontation resulting in widespread violence, chaos and disruption of social fabric.
Abstract: This article discusses radicalism as a phenomenon that has become widespread throughout the world, extremism and terrorism that it engenders and the meaning, content and correlation of the key concepts as well as sources, root causes and manifestation forms of those phenomena. Effective fight against those intricate phenomena is hampered by the abs...
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Analysis of the Impact of Interest Rate Liberalization on Internet Finance
Guaili Zhang,
Jiahao Cheng
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
248-259
Received:
1 July 2018
Accepted:
14 September 2018
Published:
26 October 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.12
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Abstract: With the wide application of Internet information technology, every industry has been organically combined with the Internet and has gained new development, which is an inevitable trend of social development. Internet financial products are the new products of the combination of Internet and financial industry. At the same time of the birth of Internet finance, China is carrying out financial market reform. In this context, we want to know how its development will be affected. The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of interest rate liberalization on the development of Internet finance. This paper first analyzes the relationship between the internet finance and the interest rate marketization, then analysis the influence of interest rate marketization on internet financial; Finally, an empirical model analysis demonstrates the influence of interest rate marketization on internet financial, the empirical test shows that although a certain time lag, but the money market and bond market is the granger cause of the internet financial. The interest rate marketization will impact the internet financial operations, commercial bank as the conduction intermediary, can make the market interest rates move in same direction with the internet financial interest rates. Therefore, financial enterprises have to adapt to the interest rate marketization and grasp the actively response to the new environment of interest rate liberalization in order to make themselves get better and faster development.
Abstract: With the wide application of Internet information technology, every industry has been organically combined with the Internet and has gained new development, which is an inevitable trend of social development. Internet financial products are the new products of the combination of Internet and financial industry. At the same time of the birth of Inte...
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Effects of Heuristic-Systematic Information Processing About the Flu and the Flu Vaccination
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
260-267
Received:
14 September 2018
Accepted:
29 September 2018
Published:
29 October 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.13
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Abstract: Every year at least 10 million people get the flu. However, despite receiving flu vaccination campaign messages every year, the majority of the U.S. population does not annually receive the flu vaccination. People have different levels of risk perception of hazardous events based on their knowledge and experiences. Accordingly, this study examined the different ways in which individuals perceive risks and benefits through exposure to health information campaigns. In doing so, this study employed risk perception theory and the heuristic-systematic model (HSM) as a theoretical foundation in order to explore risk perceptions of the flu and the flu vaccination as an antecedent to attitude. This study examined not only how people process different types of risk information regarding the flu, but also how different sources of health information affect perceptions of the flu and the flu vaccination. This study applied a 2 (Message framing: heuristic information message vs. systematic information message) by 2 (expert source vs. non-expert source) online experiment. In doing so, this study manipulated heuristic/systematic information messages and expert/non-expert sources. This study found that risk perception of the flu illness was positively related to benefit perception of the flu vaccination. Heuristic messages affected risk perception of the flu vaccination, but not flu illness perception. The level of capacity for interpreting information and individuals’ motivation can affect perceptions of the flu and the flu vaccination. Therefore, this study suggested that heuristic messages with expert’s recommendations has the greatest impact on beneficial information processing. Additionally, these findings indicate that health campaigns need to discuss the benefits of the flu and the flu vaccination based on scientific evidence in order to increase awareness of flu illness.
Abstract: Every year at least 10 million people get the flu. However, despite receiving flu vaccination campaign messages every year, the majority of the U.S. population does not annually receive the flu vaccination. People have different levels of risk perception of hazardous events based on their knowledge and experiences. Accordingly, this study examined ...
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On the Constitutional Process Concept Stages Role in Creation of the Modern States
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
268-273
Received:
25 July 2018
Accepted:
13 September 2018
Published:
31 October 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.14
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Abstract: The constitutional process is viewed as a complex phenomenon of legal life. In its broad interpretation the term Constitutional Process is the history of constitutionalism (constitutional reforms, the change of constitutions) in a particular country, in a narrow one – the totality of the stages of the life cycle of a single Constitution in their natural sequence, the history of a concrete Constitution. The history of constitutionalism in Russia presented in a concise form is linked to the goals and the procedure of the adoption of Russian constitutions. The study of the procedural aspects allowed the author to form the conceptual apparatus of the constitutional process, to identify and describe, also in a graphic form, the main stages of the life cycle of a single Constitution, to show the discrete nature of the modernization of existing legal constitutions and their shifts and the continuous nature of the development of a real (actual, non-formal, unwritten) constitution as a result of free folk art. Seven differences between the legal and actual constitutions have been identified and described, as well as the stimulating role of the actual constitution for the development of the legal Constitution and constitutional reforms. The article discusses the role of the constitutional process in the creation of modern States, legal and social conditions for a stable and long existence of the legal Constitution, the reasons for the emergence of new constitutions and their implementation in Russia, permissible limits of amendments to the current legal Constitution, and finally, how the problem of constitutional crises in developing countries may be solved under the auspices of the United Nations.
Abstract: The constitutional process is viewed as a complex phenomenon of legal life. In its broad interpretation the term Constitutional Process is the history of constitutionalism (constitutional reforms, the change of constitutions) in a particular country, in a narrow one – the totality of the stages of the life cycle of a single Constitution in their na...
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An Analysis on Numeral Words in Mongolian and Korean Languages
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
274-278
Received:
15 October 2018
Accepted:
7 November 2018
Published:
5 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.15
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Abstract: This article mainly conducts a comparative study of numeral forms in Mongolian and Korean through the observation of the numeral forms in mediaeval Mongolian literature, such as The Secret History of the Mongols and mediaeval Korean literature. The aim is to explore the homology between Mongolian and Korean numerals. Altaic numerals do not have an obvious phonetic correspondence as indo-European numerals do. Due to the nature of the numeral itself, a comparative study of numerals is not like a comparative study of grammatical elements. Strictly speaking, the comparative study of numerals belongs to the lexical category. In the whole numeral system, it is equally important to analyze the nature of a single numeral and observe other numerals in two languages. The character of a single numeral refers to the combination of root and affix, while the relation between numeral and numeral refers to the relation between one digits numeral word and the corresponding ten digits numeral word. Based on this point of view, the paper mainly analyzes the properties of the numeral itself and attempts to construct the root form of the numerals by combining the observation of the same root words. On this basis, the forms of numeral “one” and “two” in Mongolian and Korean are discussed.
Abstract: This article mainly conducts a comparative study of numeral forms in Mongolian and Korean through the observation of the numeral forms in mediaeval Mongolian literature, such as The Secret History of the Mongols and mediaeval Korean literature. The aim is to explore the homology between Mongolian and Korean numerals. Altaic numerals do not have an ...
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The Copernicus Style Revolution on the Evaluation System of Professional Title of Teachers in Ideological and Political Theory Courses in Local Ordinary Universities
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
279-284
Received:
9 December 2018
Published:
11 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.16
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Abstract: Ideological work in colleges and universities is an extremely important work. Ideological and political theory course is the main channel of ideological work in colleges and universities. The effectiveness of Ideological and political theory course depends on the teaching level of teachers. However, the current evaluation system of professional title is the shackle of improving the teaching level of ideological and political theory teachers in local ordinary universities, which is mainly reflected in the following two aspects. One is focusing on scientific research rather than teaching;The other is ignoring the particularity of ideological and political theory course teachers in local ordinary universities.The current evaluation system of professional title adhered to the "geocentric theory" mode:high level of scientific research is equivalent to high level of teaching. This is not suitable for teachers of ideological and political theory courses in local ordinary universities who require a wide range of knowledge, update knowledge quickly and have a low level of scientific research. Therefore, the reform on the evaluation system of professional title should follow "heliocentric theory" mode: the teacher's high level of knowledge equals high level of teaching. The teacher's teaching level depends on the teacher's knowledge level.Teachers' knowledge level can be tested by examinations. Copernicus style Revolution is a metaphor for replacing the evaluation system of professional title with examinations. It is necessary to scientifically design the reliability and validity of the test of ideological and political theory course and the operability of the test scheme to replace the current evaluation professional system of title by examinations.Copernican style Revolution can provide important references for the assessment and evaluation of other professional teachers, professionals and civil servants, as well as teachers of ideological and political theory course in local ordinary universities.
Abstract: Ideological work in colleges and universities is an extremely important work. Ideological and political theory course is the main channel of ideological work in colleges and universities. The effectiveness of Ideological and political theory course depends on the teaching level of teachers. However, the current evaluation system of professional tit...
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Empirical Analysis of China's Atmospheric Control and Environmental Pollution
Huiwen Guo,
Yingli Hao,
Yingyu Chen,
Tao Wang
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
285-290
Received:
10 December 2018
Published:
11 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.17
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Abstract: Since the reform and opening up of the Chinese economy, the average annual growth rate of GDP has exceeded 9%, and the total number of economies has now jumped to the second place in the world. The rapid development of China's industrialization and modernization, its economic achievements are obvious to all. However, in recent years, environmental pollution has become more and more serious, which has seriously affected the daily activities of local residents. However, after maintaining rapid growth for many years, the Chinese economy has gradually slowed down its growth rate, and the Chinese economy has fully entered the new normal of economic growth. Since the "18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China", the central and local governments have attached great importance to environmental issues and have actively carried out environmental governance and achieved certain results, but they have not fundamentally reversed the problem of environmental degradation. Environmental management has been strengthened in all regions, but the effects of environmental governance are not optimistic, and industrial pollution continues to increase. This paper constructs a mediation effect model of public finance, governance equipment and pollutants, and it uses the latest monthly data of 2013-2018 to draw empirical conclusions that are consistent with China's national conditions. The Chinese government's public finance expenditure has played an obvious role in promoting the upgrading of China's industrial pollutant plastics production. China's environmental regulation and air pressure equipment investment has played a significant part of the intermediary effect in this process.
Abstract: Since the reform and opening up of the Chinese economy, the average annual growth rate of GDP has exceeded 9%, and the total number of economies has now jumped to the second place in the world. The rapid development of China's industrialization and modernization, its economic achievements are obvious to all. However, in recent years, environmental ...
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Comments on a Hybrid Mechanism of Carbon Reduction for China
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
291-297
Received:
24 October 2018
Accepted:
16 November 2018
Published:
24 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.18
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Abstract: As a responsible big country, China take it seriously to counter global climate change. Among two market-oriented emission reduction mechanisms (Cap-and-Trade and carbon tax), China selected Cap-and-Trade to build up the carbon emission reduction system. Since December 2013, seven provinces or cities include Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangdong, Shenzhen, Hubei and Chongqin started the experimental work of Cap-and-Trade. On December 18, 2017, the National Development and Reform Commission initiate the national market construction of Cap-and-Trade firstly in the industry of power generation. Whereas, the present cap-and-Trade mechanism of China exists obvious defects which will influence negatively the anticipated targets of carbon reduction. In this thesis, the author has used the method of Historical Analysis, method of Comparison, method of Economical Analysis and method of Normative Analysis to do the research about China’s present Cap-and-Trade and pointed out that it has obvious defects which include the defect of unfairness, the defect of ineffectiveness, the defect of inherent shortcoming, the defect of benefit privatization and the defect of lag developing. To perfect the defects, this thesis put forward a hybrid new mechanism which incorporate simultaneously price based carbon tax with amount based Cap-and-Trade. Under the new hybrid mechanism, all emitters should undertake emission reduction responsibilities and the enthusiasm of emitters to take part in the emission trading system will be greatly improved, also the emission trade volume and vitality will be improved, and the emission reduction target set in the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions Document (INDC) of China will have a reliable guarantee to be obtained. Under the new hybrid mechanism, Carbon Tax Border Adjustment being a key supporting measure, the implementation of it will not violate the multilateral trade rules and will consistent to the spirit of the principles of CBDR of Kyoto Protocol. Further, the impacts of Carbon Tax Border Adjustment on trade, production and consumption are neutral, the management and operation of Carbon Tax Border Adjustment is feasible.
Abstract: As a responsible big country, China take it seriously to counter global climate change. Among two market-oriented emission reduction mechanisms (Cap-and-Trade and carbon tax), China selected Cap-and-Trade to build up the carbon emission reduction system. Since December 2013, seven provinces or cities include Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangdong, S...
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Women Private Banker’s Life Status in Bangladesh: A Study on Private Banks in Rajshahi City
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
298-302
Received:
1 November 2018
Accepted:
26 November 2018
Published:
24 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.19
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Abstract: Bangladesh is a developing country. It has a vast figure of residents and half of the residents is women. Women come in professional life for various reasons. There are numerous sectors for women service. In recent era private bank is one of the utmost sectors. Contribution of women in private bank is increasing day by day. As a result, women’s economic state has been enhanced. Day by day, life is getting more exclusive and if it is compared with other job sectors the remuneration of private bank is superior than others. So a great number of women are fascinated to private banks. They enjoy numerous facilities in their own life and professional life. But in private banking sector they also face numerous troubles. The study was conducted to find out the positive and negative sides of working in private banks of Rajshahi city for knowing a women private bankers life status. A woman private banker faces various types of troubles in her professional life. Ten branches of private banks from Rajshahi city under Rajshahi district were selected purposively for this study. The sample consisted of 30 women private bankers. Most of women private bankers are mostly employed at different categories of job like Senior officer, Junior officer, Management trainee officer and so on. Private banks jobs are very boring in nature. Women workers occasionally lose their interest in work and become disheartened. The study also proposed some suggestions for increasing women participation in private banks. Researcher hopes that society will be much benefitted from this study.
Abstract: Bangladesh is a developing country. It has a vast figure of residents and half of the residents is women. Women come in professional life for various reasons. There are numerous sectors for women service. In recent era private bank is one of the utmost sectors. Contribution of women in private bank is increasing day by day. As a result, women’s eco...
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Analysis on Literature Resources Security System Based on Multidisciplinary Environment---Case Study of Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, CAS
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
303-311
Received:
2 November 2018
Accepted:
23 November 2018
Published:
24 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.20
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Abstract: Literature resources system play an increasingly important role in the research institute, and become the main source of information and intelligence in scientific research. The level of literature resources security is one of the key components affecting the research, management, and decision-making ability of an institute. At the same time, user's information literacy and information demand expectations are constantly changing and evolving. Taking Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences as an example, this paper starts with the analysis of research environment of institutions and the investigation of users' needs, draws lessons from Shannon's principle of information dissemination, establishes a literature resources security system model under multidisciplinary environment，and discusses the meanings and functions of the three elements of resources, services and users in the system. It also illustrates the significance of each elements as well as the process of information flow among these elements. The literature resources security system designed in this paper, based on the multidisciplinary context，can mostly cover all subjects in SARI through multi-channel and multi-type services，and creates an environment for SARI’s multidisciplinary innovations. Meanwhile, the corresponding mechanism makes it possible to understand promptly demands in different fields and of different categories of users and provide customized services.
Abstract: Literature resources system play an increasingly important role in the research institute, and become the main source of information and intelligence in scientific research. The level of literature resources security is one of the key components affecting the research, management, and decision-making ability of an institute. At the same time, user'...
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Research on the Mechanism and Evolving Path of Community Empowerment in Cultural Heritage Sites
Jian Gong,
Jia Li,
Alisa Shapovalova,
David Knight
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
312-320
Received:
28 September 2018
Accepted:
9 November 2018
Published:
28 December 2018
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.21
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Abstract: Under government-led tourism development model, the traditional cultural communities have problems of inadequate and uneven development of tourism empowerment. Based on the theories of four-type power and the core-periphery tourism destination theory six tourism communities of a mature cultural tourist destination - Wudang Mountain - were investigated to explore the development status of empowerment problems. To explore the mechanism and evolution path of community tourism empowerment in mature cultural heritage sites as well as figure out the roles played by local government, tourism enterprises, local elites and tourists. This paper proposes an improvement strategy for the empowerment promotion of cultural heritage sites. Research indicates that: (1) In terms of community disempowerment dimension, the government is the highlight stakeholder of influence and the local elite is the second remarkable stakeholder of it. (2) Regarding the passive community empowerment, government is the most remarkable stakeholder. (3) In terms of community self-empowerment and psychological dimension, there is a significant difference in community location; the empowerment development in peripheral areas is more significant than in core and transition areas. (4) In the aspect of the residents' overall tourism satisfaction, the transition area has the lowest satisfaction level and the highest level of tourism-support. The core and peripheral areas show opposite results. (5) Among four dimensions of community tourism empowerment, the passive empowerment has the most significant impact on the residents. The conclusion of the study is that the development path of empowerment in China's cultural heritage sites should be based on the government-led background, focusing on the community’s development of self-enhancement, differentiation of community space and groups as well as proposing targeted enhancement strategies based on their own character.
Abstract: Under government-led tourism development model, the traditional cultural communities have problems of inadequate and uneven development of tourism empowerment. Based on the theories of four-type power and the core-periphery tourism destination theory six tourism communities of a mature cultural tourist destination - Wudang Mountain - were investiga...
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Toward a Sustainable Social System Transformation: Realistically Optimistic View
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 6, December 2018
Pages:
321-328
Received:
13 November 2018
Accepted:
4 December 2018
Published:
17 January 2019
DOI:
10.11648/j.ss.20180706.22
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Abstract: The paper is devoted to fundamental issues concerning the future sustainable transformation. Its implementation has available in the first place basing on the recognized framework concept of sustainable development (SD). A realistic design of institutional changes in connection with resource and organizational/behavioral changes needed for SD is called for to realize in the line of overall social system transformation. Adequate understanding of this process presupposes an exhaustive study of interconnected transformations in the main social fields taking into account the influence of relatively exogenous factors (technological, demographic and climate changes). According to the author, the transition to global sustainable social transformation is achievable by means of a number of possible fundamental shifts, which synergistically can fulfill. Also proceeding from the arguments, the sustainable reproduction of the economy of a mature post-industrial type, including the green sectors, implies its stable and quiet growth, although the rapid growth of individual markets, especially innovative ones, may take place. In addition, the main findings include the substantiation in favor of the choice of the national middle way model as the most appropriate for the corresponding sustainable system transformation of society.
Abstract: The paper is devoted to fundamental issues concerning the future sustainable transformation. Its implementation has available in the first place basing on the recognized framework concept of sustainable development (SD). A realistic design of institutional changes in connection with resource and organizational/behavioral changes needed for SD is ca...
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