Mtwara Gas Project Conflict: Impacts on Local Communties’ Socio-economic Activities (Part 1)
Mwesiga Thobias,
Mikova Kseniia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
63-72
Received:
5 April 2017
Accepted:
20 April 2017
Published:
3 June 2017
Abstract: The study investigated the impact of the gas project conflict on local community socio-economic activities in Mtwara Municipality. Natural resources conflict in study area arises mainly due to the disagreement of parties about benefit sharing. The conflict resulted in various negative impacts affecting the local community, including food insecurity, reduction of the economic activities and as result loss of income. Public offices, private agencies, schools, hospitals and other business did not operate because of the unrest and conflict that some business owners were engaged in. Conflicts impacts negatively on community because residents did not perform their income generating activities regularly due to fear of violators and the police/army forces operations. Some residents hid in forests in order to stay alive. All this led to significant income loss and the majority of the respondents perceived that they were not able to attain their basic needs. This implies that the particular conflict had a great impact on the socio-economic activities of community which further affected the normal living standards. Moreover, the gas conflict negatively impacted on women and children as was claimed by all respondents.
Abstract: The study investigated the impact of the gas project conflict on local community socio-economic activities in Mtwara Municipality. Natural resources conflict in study area arises mainly due to the disagreement of parties about benefit sharing. The conflict resulted in various negative impacts affecting the local community, including food insecurity...
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Mtwara Gas Project Conflict: Causes of Arising and Ways of Stabilization (Part 2)
Mwesiga Thobias,
Mikova Kseniia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
73-84
Received:
5 April 2017
Accepted:
20 April 2017
Published:
3 June 2017
Abstract: Conflict about the natural resources has been arising at the end of 2012 in the Mtwara Municipality in Tanzania. Mtwara residents started to show opposition to the extraction of natural gas. During the period of violence more than 12 residents were murdered, property was destroyed, woman were raped and others tortured. Causes of the Mtwara Gas Project conflict till now have not been documented. The study assessed the reasons of local community participation and role of the government in the gas conflict in Mtwara in 2012-2013. The total sample size was 137 respondents included; 98 households who were affected by the conflict, 9 key informants who were experienced and knowledgeable enough to provide relevant information about the conflict and 2 focus group discussion with 15 members each. Pre-designed questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used to obtain primary data from households and key informants and checklist was used to guide the interviews. Among the reasons of the local resident’s participation in the conflict were identified over-expectations from the local community, false promises from the government, poor stakeholders’ involvement before and after the implementation of the project, political interference, and low benefits sharing from the project benefit. Community expectations were not fulfilled and thus created a conflict between community members and the government. The majority of the respondents reported that strikes foster the implementation of promises and draw an attention to local community needs. The Government implemented some promises after the conflict was stabilized and maintained peace and harmony to the local community in Mtwara. Despite of that, majority of respondents not being satisfied with the benefits received from the Government in 2013. Some of the main reasons for the dissatisfaction were low compensation paid for the land taken, low implementation of job promises, few constructions of industries and other false promises.
Abstract: Conflict about the natural resources has been arising at the end of 2012 in the Mtwara Municipality in Tanzania. Mtwara residents started to show opposition to the extraction of natural gas. During the period of violence more than 12 residents were murdered, property was destroyed, woman were raped and others tortured. Causes of the Mtwara Gas Proj...
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Securitization in Modern Politics: Complex Security Institution
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
85-90
Received:
13 May 2017
Accepted:
27 May 2017
Published:
29 June 2017
Abstract: In modern politics, security is a phenomenon, which may be seen as a complex institution beyond any ordinary concept. It is not a specific term only concerning a particular area: While security is a concept, which is composed of the discrepancy between danger and precaution, securitization is an engraved phenomenon penetrating to throughout the modern life, which fear is the fundamental determinant. Without understanding the historical roots of security, it is not possible to grasp the modern security institutions. Additionally, it is clear that fear that may be acknowledged an essential element of security does not belong only modern times because of the nature of humanity. Therefore, the question of the motivations of security within the frame of fear should be answered. In this context, it is obvious that there is an immense dilemma between security and freedom in modern politics. In fact, the concept of freedom should be discussed as part of securitization policies in the modern paradigm. Because the freedom of people means the measure of limitations of individual life from now on. Additionally, the concepts of anatomo-politics and biopolitics in Michel Foucault literature may make it possible to discuss securitization in modern politics. By this means, this article pursues also the question: May securitization be equivalent of Foucault’s biopolitics? While discussing security and securitization theoretically, it is aimed to answer the question with reference to fiction, how security institutions are built. In order to glance the paradigm of securitization, Night, written by Bilge Karasu, is unique novel illustrating the construction process of fear in Turkish literature. This article is intended to challenge the concepts of security, securitization from the world of dangers and fears. Within this scope, the theoretical debate will cohere the opportunities of the literature through the night workers.
Abstract: In modern politics, security is a phenomenon, which may be seen as a complex institution beyond any ordinary concept. It is not a specific term only concerning a particular area: While security is a concept, which is composed of the discrepancy between danger and precaution, securitization is an engraved phenomenon penetrating to throughout the mod...
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