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Peacebuilding: The Challenges of and Prospects for a Steady-state Society
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
1-6
Received:
18 October 2017
Accepted:
2 November 2017
Published:
5 December 2017
Abstract: Peace is not merely the state of not being at war. It is a state without violence, prejudice, or discrimination. Peacebuilding includes all the steps toward constructing such a state of affairs. On the other hand, a steady-state society is one that is attained when humanity accepts limits on the growth of its population and its economy. It is the culture of the so-called “slow lifestyle” where almost the entire population reaches a ripe old age, the natural environment is preserved as a functioning entity, and enhanced social wellbeing as well as sustainable growth are achieved. Even though humanity has lived through the agricultural revolution, the industrial revolution, and the information revolution, we still keep going through cycles of war and conflict. Wails of grief uttered by women and children suffering in regions torn by war and afflicted by dioxin during the Viet Nam War are still heard today. Japan has now become the first country in the world to have an extreme aged population. It is becoming the first country to experience life in a steady-state society. I believe there are some perspectives and tips to be gained from Satoyama study - the study of nature as a pillar of culture – that could reveal substantive models for a Steady-state Society that is moving toward peacebuilding. Humanity now faces the challenge of creating new communities that are appropriate for the age of Eco-social welfare. To achieve this, we need to integrate the forces of science, nature and culture.
Abstract: Peace is not merely the state of not being at war. It is a state without violence, prejudice, or discrimination. Peacebuilding includes all the steps toward constructing such a state of affairs. On the other hand, a steady-state society is one that is attained when humanity accepts limits on the growth of its population and its economy. It is the c...
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Macroeconomic Implications of Low Life Expectancy in Sub-Saharan Africa Nations: A Panel Technique Approach
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
7-12
Received:
20 October 2017
Accepted:
6 November 2017
Published:
5 December 2017
Abstract: This paper concerned with the understanding of major determinants of life expectancy in selected Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries (Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria and Congo Republic) for the period of 2000–2015. The study found that improved water supply and its quality; sanitation, access to toilet facilities and clean environment; and improving the living standard and citizens’ ability to meet basic needs are all positive and statistically significant to higher life expectancy at birth of citizens in these nations. These empirical findings therefore call for effective policy to be directed at providing water and sanitation facilities, and reducing pollution to improve longevity in SSA countries so as to enhance her regional economic productivities.
Abstract: This paper concerned with the understanding of major determinants of life expectancy in selected Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries (Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Cote d’Ivoire, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Nigeria and Congo Republic) for the period of 2000–2015. The study found that improved water supply and its quality; sanitation, access to toilet facili...
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Impact of Tax Administration Towards Government Revenue in Tanzania- Case of Dar-es Salaam Region
Theobald Francis Kipilimba
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
13-21
Received:
14 September 2017
Accepted:
14 October 2017
Published:
6 December 2017
Abstract: Purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of tax administration on government revenue in Tanzania- case of Dar es Salaam region. This study is more scientific and effective, whereby questionnaires have been used to access the required information. Researcher has been able to collect information from 85 respondents out of 100 targeted respondents from the area of the study. Findings of this study have been analyzed and reveal that, Good tax design, Effective tax policy and laws, Tax administrative structure, Tax collection methods, Proper use of computerized system of maintaining taxpayer Register, Outsourcing revenue collections to private tax collectors, Internal and external capacity building, Intensive coordination with other entities and Proper maintenance of taxpayer’s records are the main factors that enhance effective tax administration in Tanzania. It is concluded that Corruption practices on taxation issues, lack of awareness of Local Tax payers, political pressure to relax tax collections, ineffective tax laws and policies, Insufficient budget or funds, High rate of Tax evasion and avoidance, Outsourced revenue retained by Revenue collectors, lack of tax compliance, are the challenges facing tax administration in Tanzania. Also concluded that eradication of the mentioned challenges above effects/results to, Adequate tax collections, Efficient tax system, High tax compliance by tax payers, Attainment of revenue targets, Increase in tax bases and declined cost of revenue collection, Minimum Tax evasion and avoidance, and High service delivery capability are the impacts that result from Tax administration. Researcher has recommended for the following to be done on the way forward:-Emphasis has to be put on the tax laws and policies mechanism to be reviewed time to time in order to save the purpose due to the prevailing situation, international tax environments, and the changes on the technology on tax administration. Efforts should be put on improving the tax payer’s convenience in the assessment and payment process whilst at the same time entrenching effective and modern human resource management practices in the tax authorities in respect to vetting, recruitment and selection of employees. Tax collection Authorities should ensure that all revenue receivables are paid promptly into designated bank accounts and failure to do so within the stipulated period of time should attract to the severe penalties to the officers concerned.
Abstract: Purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of tax administration on government revenue in Tanzania- case of Dar es Salaam region. This study is more scientific and effective, whereby questionnaires have been used to access the required information. Researcher has been able to collect information from 85 respondents out of 100 targeted responde...
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The Development of English Conversation Training Course for Front Office Staff: A Case Study of Baiyok Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
22-28
Received:
23 August 2017
Accepted:
27 September 2017
Published:
14 December 2017
Abstract: The purpose of research were to analyze the current working situation (after training) of English conversational skills (listening and speaking) for front office staff of Baiyok Hotel and to develop training course to achieve 70% up effectiveness criteria. In addition, need to survey the front office staff’s satisfaction toward the training course. The sample, was selected by a group of experimental research, was 15 front office staff of Baiyok Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand. The study was conducted by questionnaires. The paired-sample t-test and effect-size were used to analyze the data in order to assess the staff’s ability before and after attending the training program. Mean and standard deviation of items were used to evaluate the front office staff’s conversation and satisfactions toward the training program. The results of the study were found after the course implementation, the front office staff gained higher scores at the significant level of .05, it showed that the content was useful and it can help the staff improve their skills. The next result showed that the staff’s listening ability to customers’ order/requests (4.03) as the most usage during their work and the staff’s speaking ability to customers as the highest usage included English in different social occasions (3.94). The latest result of the most staff’s satisfaction was the highest level in teaching & learning methodology (4.53).
Abstract: The purpose of research were to analyze the current working situation (after training) of English conversational skills (listening and speaking) for front office staff of Baiyok Hotel and to develop training course to achieve 70% up effectiveness criteria. In addition, need to survey the front office staff’s satisfaction toward the training course....
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Intersections Between Western and Indian Childhoods
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
29-35
Received:
23 October 2017
Accepted:
6 November 2017
Published:
14 December 2017
Abstract: This article explores the intersections between discourses on children from the North and South (India as a case in point). Some similarities can be seen between Western and Indian conceptualizations with the child occupying subaltern spaces. Both in the North and South children are marginalized in sociological discourses; there is a perceived emergent decrease in patriarchal control of children by adults, with adult-child relations becoming more democratic and participatory, manifested in greater negotiation of control by children. The New Sociology of Childhood that evolved in the “Century of the Child” notable as childhood has brought children into the arena of International politics and academic debates in both the North and the South.
Abstract: This article explores the intersections between discourses on children from the North and South (India as a case in point). Some similarities can be seen between Western and Indian conceptualizations with the child occupying subaltern spaces. Both in the North and South children are marginalized in sociological discourses; there is a perceived emer...
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Seniors and Volunteering: An Italian Study into Gender Differences
Lucia Boccacin,
Linda Lombi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
36-42
Received:
16 November 2017
Accepted:
23 November 2017
Published:
23 December 2017
Abstract: Various studies on active ageing have focused on social participation as an element in the promotion of related policies. Literature on the subject reveals that the participation in voluntary activities is a factor which contributes positively to the process of active ageing. This article explores gender disparities related to active volunteerism among Italian seniors. Of the 900 active subjects aged between 65 and 74 who participated, 146 were engaged in voluntary activities. Constrained cluster analysis techniques based on a series of variables including age, income type, relationship networks, value attributions, and sector of volunteering association were applied to identify the statistical differences between elderly male and female volunteers. The results show a difference in volunteer profile between the genders. Male volunteers are younger, often married and more active, while women are older, often widows and possessing a strong religious vocation. Furthermore, while men are more likely to be involved in activities related to sports, women tend to donate time to solidarity and educational initiatives aimed at individuals. The promotion of active ageing policies should consider as crucial not only the differences in national welfare regimes, but also how gender disparities determine different forms and opportunities for social participation.
Abstract: Various studies on active ageing have focused on social participation as an element in the promotion of related policies. Literature on the subject reveals that the participation in voluntary activities is a factor which contributes positively to the process of active ageing. This article explores gender disparities related to active volunteerism a...
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Long Wars: Demonstrating the Corrosive Effects of Irregular Wars on Dominant States
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018
Pages:
43-54
Received:
21 November 2017
Accepted:
4 December 2017
Published:
2 January 2018
Abstract: Great powers overextend their security apparatus attempting to maintain an international system from which they benefit. Costly expenditures of internally mobilized hard power in irregular wars increases the the decline of relative power while externally mobilized power in the form of partisans may delay or defeat power transition. This paper examines the U. S. war in Vietnam and the Soviet war in Afghanistan in order to determine if long periods of irregular war had an effect on those state’s relative position in the internaitonal system. This paper will demonstrate that those wars eroded each position without the large, structural war predicted by normative IR theory.
Abstract: Great powers overextend their security apparatus attempting to maintain an international system from which they benefit. Costly expenditures of internally mobilized hard power in irregular wars increases the the decline of relative power while externally mobilized power in the form of partisans may delay or defeat power transition. This paper exami...
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