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The Political and Historical Representation of Statues in Three Ethiopian Consecutive Regimes (1889 - Present)
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2017
Pages:
35-44
Received:
16 January 2017
Accepted:
29 January 2017
Published:
27 March 2017
Abstract: Statues are symbols which represent dynamic societal values. They serve as a rallying point for shared common memory and identity and, hence, are used as a collective remembrance. They also have a power to immortalize an intended ideology. Statue is an object that represents the religion, history, culture, art, socio- economic and political practices of one nation. The main purpose of this paper is to describe the political representation of iconic statues erected in three, Imperial monarchy, Derg Military Junta and Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) regimes in Ethiopia. To achieve this purpose, several documents from Culture and Tourism Bureaus and library archives are analyzed qualitatively. The study lastly summarizes the erected statues in the three Ethiopia regimes are highly tied with the political manifesto each regime. In the process of political shift, when the former regime replaced by the new one, simultaneously, the former statues are dismantled and dislocated and the new statues that represents the current political ideology are constructed and replaced. Accordingly, it concluded that, statues represent the political context of these three consecutive regimes in Ethiopian polity.
Abstract: Statues are symbols which represent dynamic societal values. They serve as a rallying point for shared common memory and identity and, hence, are used as a collective remembrance. They also have a power to immortalize an intended ideology. Statue is an object that represents the religion, history, culture, art, socio- economic and political practic...
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Rural Farm Households’ Income Diversification: The Case of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2017
Pages:
45-56
Received:
6 April 2016
Accepted:
3 June 2016
Published:
26 April 2017
Abstract: Despite the economic dominance of agriculture in the study area, farm households widely practice diverse income generating activities as livelihood strategies to overcome diverse challenges and risks. The existing capacity of agriculture to attain food and livelihood security is tremendously declining from time to time. The main aim of this study was to identify the determinants of farmers' participation in income diversification in the study area. The study involved primary data which were collected from randomly selected 300 households in four districts of the zone. For selection of study units probability proportional to the size was applied and respondents were selected through systematic sampling technique. In addition, key informant interview and focus group discussion were used to supplement the survey with qualitative information. Secondary data were also collected from various relevant sources. Descriptive statistics were applied to characterize the sample households’ social, economic, demographic and institutional factors. The findings of the study indicates that rural households in the study area practice diversified income sources, in that about 57.7% of the households combine agriculture with other activities (non/off-farm). Some farmers were pursuing non-farm and off-farm activities as the primary income sources rather than agriculture. Considering the wealth status, the poor households derive almost half (50%) of their income from non-agricultural activities whereas the latter accounts for only 6.4% of the income of the better-off households’. Binary logit model was applied to investigate factors influencing the households’ participation in income diversification. In this regard, out of total explanatory variables included in the model, 8 were significant. The results confirm that factors such as sex, farm size, livestock ownership, oxen ownership, education, leadership, annual cash income and market distance were key determinants of farmers’ participation in income diversification. Further, the study identifies income diversification as a cumulative effects of several factors, and therefore urges policy makers to give due attention to them with a view to overcoming the challenging bottlenecks.
Abstract: Despite the economic dominance of agriculture in the study area, farm households widely practice diverse income generating activities as livelihood strategies to overcome diverse challenges and risks. The existing capacity of agriculture to attain food and livelihood security is tremendously declining from time to time. The main aim of this study w...
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Family Planning Use and Its Determinants Among Pastoralist Communities of Ethiopia
Alemayehu Bogale,
Wubegzier Mekonnen
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2017
Pages:
57-62
Received:
24 May 2016
Accepted:
1 June 2016
Published:
28 April 2017
Abstract: Background: Ethiopia is one of the most populous countries in Africa where only 27% of women in the reproductive age group are currently using modern family planning methods. As a result, Low family planning use remains a major public health problem in the country especially in pastoralist communities in which it was not properly utilized due to limited physical access of the population to health facilities and shortages of staffs. Only few studies assessed the situation of family planning use in pastoralist communities of Ethiopia. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of family planning used and its determinants in pastoralist communities of Ethiopia. Methods: The study used women’s dataset from the 2011 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. The survey sampling was designed to provide national, urban/rural, and regional representative estimates of key health and demographic indicators. This study used 2,724 married women of reproductive age group in rural pastoralist communities of Afar, Somali, Gambella and Benishangul Gumuz regions of Ethiopia. The sample was selected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling procedure. Odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval in binary logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with family planning use. Results: Around one in ten (11%) of married women used any methods of family planning during the survey time. Unmet needs was 22.6% while 427 (15.7%) was attributed for spacing and 187 (6.9%) was for limiting. The total demand for family planning was only 33.6% among pastoralist women in Ethiopia. Women in the richest wealth quintile (AOR=24.28: 95% CI (13.43 - 43.90), and Muslims (AOR=0.39: 95% CI (0.27 - 0.56), residents of Gambela region (AOR=5.31:95%CI (2.81 - 10.04) and living in female headed households (AOR= 0.48: 95%CI (0.30 - 0.78) were found to be associated with family planning used. Conclusion: The prevalence of family planning use was low with only a third of women having the demand for family planning. Sex of household head, wealth quintile and religion and study region, were associated with family planning use. Targeted interventions should be put in place to enhance contraception.
Abstract: Background: Ethiopia is one of the most populous countries in Africa where only 27% of women in the reproductive age group are currently using modern family planning methods. As a result, Low family planning use remains a major public health problem in the country especially in pastoralist communities in which it was not properly utilized due to li...
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