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Contesting ISIS in Indonesia: Leadership and Ideological Barriers on Radicalism as Foundation to Counterterrorism
Rendy Wirawan,
Adhikatama
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
55-62
Received:
17 November 2017
Accepted:
14 December 2017
Published:
17 January 2018
Abstract: Southeast Asia has been considered as a fertile land compared to other regions for terrorism breeding in the world outside Middle East region as the basis of its operation. The Muslim population in Southeast Asia contributes to the vast development of terrorism in the region, specifically ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) as the widest terrorist network. Indonesia, in this context, becomes the common target of the group’s expansion due to its large Muslim population as well as its strategic location. However, though ISIS has been infiltrating the country for years and influenced some people with its radical perspective to run jihad for establishing global Islamic State, a relatively constant movement has taken place without making any significant progress of recruitment and social leverage. This essay will elaborate the reason why ISIS, though rapidly developed within the country, but can not create an apparent progress for the group regarding the expansion of its extreme ideology to the society. In line with this argument, we found two distinct factors that strain the group's radical teachings, which are leadership and ideological barriers. Leadership lies on the Jokowi's unequivocal policies on counterterrorism which enable the country, and region to some extent, to resist the external threat of ISIS. On the other hand, the group can not deal with the plural Muslim community within the country due to its different ideological perspective on Islam, precisely on jihad.
Abstract: Southeast Asia has been considered as a fertile land compared to other regions for terrorism breeding in the world outside Middle East region as the basis of its operation. The Muslim population in Southeast Asia contributes to the vast development of terrorism in the region, specifically ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) as the widest terrori...
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The Importance of Healthy Human Life on Economic Development
Ali Yilmaz Gunduz,
Abubakar Muhammad Yahaya
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
63-67
Received:
22 December 2017
Accepted:
6 January 2018
Published:
18 January 2018
Abstract: Economic development's most important indicator is the human factor. The human factor is also known as the human capital. Investments in human capital include the investments in human factor. The human capital and economic development are two concepts identified with each other. The main factors of human capital, health and education, are placed on the top in the development of a country. The investments in health and education fields would accelerate the economic development. As long as individuals of a country are healthy, their contribution to production and growth would increase. On the other hand, societies' often becoming ill would decrease their productivity. Thus, this would affect the economic development negatively. When the individuals could live without having health problems, economic development and growth would be influenced positively. Therefore, for the sake of the development of countries and regions, the amount of investments in the field of health should be increased. There are some indicators of healthy life such as diet, non-consumption of alcohol and cigarette, evasion of bad habits, consumption of water of good quality, sports, having an adequate income. People's being healthy also depends on their environment and personal characteristics. The most efficient way to ensure them to stay healthy is making them engaged to sports. In this paper, the relation between healthy human factor and economic development will be tried and examined.
Abstract: Economic development's most important indicator is the human factor. The human factor is also known as the human capital. Investments in human capital include the investments in human factor. The human capital and economic development are two concepts identified with each other. The main factors of human capital, health and education, are placed on...
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The Arrabal Alcázar Viejo from Cordoba: Urban, Hereditary and Sustainable Regeneration of the Historic City Centre
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
68-75
Received:
16 November 2017
Accepted:
14 December 2017
Published:
3 February 2018
Abstract: Building sustainably begins with planning. The urban regeneration of our old city centres requires finding a functional balance between residential and touristic areas, especially between them and the rest of the city. In order to build public facilities or housings in a sustainable way aiming at repopulating them, municipal ordinances are needed. They shouldn´t evoke idyllic images that create an attractive and touristic reality that never existed. Repopulation, tourism and heritable identity have to walk hand in hand thanks to the planning. My thesis focuses on an arrabal (historical suburb of 13th century) called Alcázar viejo in Cordoba, where traditional houses are still in use. Each ancient house (casa patio), which count with a popular courtyard, used to be the home of several families. Nowadays these structures are owned by single families. After being recently declared “Intangible Heritage of Humanity” by UNESCO, the tangible value of them has been raised, resulting in such an increase in tourism that their residential use is becoming endangered. Cordoba´s current Historic City Centre Special Protection Plan (PEPCH) lays down an ordinance regarding the traditional casa patio for all this area. This rule is breaking arrabal´s popular identity and makes it difficult to repopulate it. This is a problem for eco-efficient and sustainable constructions. The Plan pretends to impose an historical image not adapted to society´s demands. So here I expect to propose improvements for a sustainable regeneration of the arrabal, especially regarding the planning, balancing it with tourism and heritage identity.
Abstract: Building sustainably begins with planning. The urban regeneration of our old city centres requires finding a functional balance between residential and touristic areas, especially between them and the rest of the city. In order to build public facilities or housings in a sustainable way aiming at repopulating them, municipal ordinances are needed. ...
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Impacts, Causes and Consequences of Women Trafficking in India from Human Rights Perspective
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
76-80
Received:
7 September 2017
Accepted:
23 September 2017
Published:
23 February 2018
Abstract: Trafficking has been considered as one of the serious concerns nowadays. Every country has been impacted by the human trafficking throughout the World in spite of Socio-economic status, history or political setup. Human trafficking is the third largest organized crime after drugs and the arms trade across the globe. About 80% of the human trafficking across the world is done for sexual exploitation and the rest is for bonded labour. In Asia, India is considered as the focal point of this crime. International market has been created by traffickers for the trade in human beings based on high profits and demand for commercial sex as well as cheap labour. It is slavery because traffickers use violence, threats, and other forms of coercion to force their victims to work against their will. This includes controlling their freedom of movement, where and when they will work and what pay, if any, they will receive. The physical and mental health consequences of human trafficking are physical symptoms including: headaches, fatigue, dizzy spells, (back pain, memory difficulty pelvic pain, and gynaecological infections. Anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]. Human Trafficking is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon and requires multidisciplinary approach. Any analysis of the root causes of human trafficking must take into account, human trafficking is a violation of human rights and any strategy to eliminate trafficking should be framed within a human-rights perspective by placing the victim at the centre. Victims of trafficking are used for commercial purposes; they are used like products and then thrown away. Gender discrimination further aggravates human trafficking. The objectives of this paper are to explore as well as understand the impacts, reasons and Preventive Measures of human trafficking and also deal with the social taboos associated with human trafficking from human rights perspective.
Abstract: Trafficking has been considered as one of the serious concerns nowadays. Every country has been impacted by the human trafficking throughout the World in spite of Socio-economic status, history or political setup. Human trafficking is the third largest organized crime after drugs and the arms trade across the globe. About 80% of the human trafficki...
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Gun Crime, Gun Laws and Citizen Defense in the United States
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
81-87
Received:
28 October 2017
Accepted:
14 November 2017
Published:
13 April 2018
Abstract: In the United States firearms are used for recreation, self-defense, and unfortunately used in crime. Despite numerous gun laws and registration requirements, gun crimes continue to victimize many citizens. In response, the purchase and registration of guns are regulated by federal and state legislation. A comparison of federal and state gun laws is addressed, including a discussion and how guns are illegally obtained. Due to the fear of predatory crime, many citizens are arming themselves for protection. Armed citizen defensive is examined including laws on justifiable homicide, and the meaning of state castle doctrines or stand your ground laws. Evidence on citizen use of guns for personal protection is presented.
Abstract: In the United States firearms are used for recreation, self-defense, and unfortunately used in crime. Despite numerous gun laws and registration requirements, gun crimes continue to victimize many citizens. In response, the purchase and registration of guns are regulated by federal and state legislation. A comparison of federal and state gun laws i...
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A Study on the Legal Issues Arising from the Investigation on Various Industrial Impacts of Trade in Services Outside of the WTO Framework
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
88-93
Received:
22 February 2018
Accepted:
2 April 2018
Published:
24 April 2018
Abstract: This paper examines existing multilateral trade agreements except the WTO in terms of their regulations concerning investigation on industrial impacts of trade in services. The main purpose of the paper is to provide possible legal reference for continuing to promote negotiations on emergency safeguard measures in WTO trade in service. Mainly through Legal Positivism, in terms of identifying industrial impacts of trade in services, there are clear and objective regulations within the European Union and in its multilateral agreements with Eastern European countries; NAFTA permits Mexico to take protectionist measures in banking and financial services, and has established relevant standards for industrial impacts; the bilateral trade agreements signed by China and other countries are mostly treaties of principle, thus not unpractical. To reach an agreement on this issue so as to facilitate trade in services, this paper suggested that the international community should promote the WTO to adopt investigation on industrial impacts of trade in services, so as to further increase multilateral disciplines.
Abstract: This paper examines existing multilateral trade agreements except the WTO in terms of their regulations concerning investigation on industrial impacts of trade in services. The main purpose of the paper is to provide possible legal reference for continuing to promote negotiations on emergency safeguard measures in WTO trade in service. Mainly throu...
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