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Surface Properties and Chemical Constituents of Unmodified and Oxalic Acid Modified Cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz) Peel Waste Powder
Adowei Pereware,
Kanu Chidinma Queeneth
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
82-87
Received:
28 May 2023
Accepted:
20 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: Surface chemistry plays a vital role in various industrial technologies such as chemical and energy conversion, health care, and material and environmental protection. This research investigated the surface properties and chemical constituents of unmodified and oxalic acid modified cassava peel waste powder (CPP) using standard methods. Results show that the surface chemical content were ash content: ash (0.82%), moisture (12.39%), sodium capacity (0.13 mMole/g), apparent density (1.29 g/cm3) and pore volume (0.78 cm3/g) for unmodified CPP while for modified CPP, the contents were Ash (0.55%), moisture (17.46% ), sodium capacity (0.10 mMole/g), apparent density (1.20 g/cm3), and pore volume (0.83 cm3/g) respectively. FTIR analysis reveals the major bands and their significance and showed existence of ionizable functional groups as follows: -OH was observed in the range of 3000-3700cm-1, from 600-1400cm-1 in the fingerprint range C=C, C=O and C=N bonds were suspected. All functional groups can take part in adsorption process through ion-exchange mechanism or complexation mechanism The CPP biomass had intense bands at 2924cm-1 indicating presence of amines (N-H) functional groups. The surface chemistry further revealed that cassava peel powder is an excellent potential biomaterial for diverse purposes.
Abstract: Surface chemistry plays a vital role in various industrial technologies such as chemical and energy conversion, health care, and material and environmental protection. This research investigated the surface properties and chemical constituents of unmodified and oxalic acid modified cassava peel waste powder (CPP) using standard methods. Results sho...
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Investigating the Role of Honeybee (Apismellifera L.) Pollination on Seed Yield of Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril)
Mekonen Wolditsadik,
Taye Beyene,
Desta Abi
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
88-91
Received:
8 June 2023
Accepted:
5 July 2023
Published:
17 July 2023
Abstract: Insect pollinators are essential in increasing seed set of many flower and fruit crops. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of the honey bee pollination in seed yield and oil contents of Glycine max L. The plots were grouped into three treatment groups with three replications. The results of the study showed that the yield obtained from plots pollinated by honeybee was superior with the mean yield of 3945kg/hectare followed by plots left open under natural conditions with the mean yield of 3754kg/hectare. The lowest mean yield of 2483kg/hectare was recorded for the plots excluded any pollinator. The results also revealed that honey bee pollination increases Glycine max L fruit yield by 38.9% over natural pollination. The pod number in covered treatment with honey bees was 93.75 higher than in the covered treatment without honey bees. The average weight of 100 seed was larger in the area covered with honey bees and without honeybee. The average oil content was 19.21%, 19.39% and 18.47 in uncovered area, covered with honey bees and caged without any pollinator respectively. The germination test show differences (P<0.05) among the seeds in different treatments. It was concluded that the honeybee pollination in the soybean increased the seeds production. Therefore, moving honeybee colonies to Glycine max farm during the flowering period is one of the most essential inputs to maximize Glycine max seed production.
Abstract: Insect pollinators are essential in increasing seed set of many flower and fruit crops. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of the honey bee pollination in seed yield and oil contents of Glycine max L. The plots were grouped into three treatment groups with three replications. The results of the study showed that the yield obtain...
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Molecular Characterization and Resistance Profile of the Hepatitis B Virus to Polymerase Inhibitors in Infected Treatment-Naïve Patients in Abidjan
Doukou Essien Samuel,
Toni Thomas D'Aquin,
N’din Jean-Louis Philippe,
Dechi Jean-Jacques Renaud,
Gogbe Leto Olivier,
N’Guessan Jean François,
Chenal Henri,
Messou Kouassi Eugene,
Lohoues Esmel Claude,
Ouassa Timothée
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
92-97
Received:
11 July 2023
Accepted:
1 August 2023
Published:
9 August 2023
Abstract: Mutant selection is due to the high rate of viral replication and lack of proofreading activity in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase thus leading to the generation of mutations in HBV. However naturally occurring HBV strains carrying primary drug resistance mutations are very rare in the absence of prior treatment. Monitoring changes in primary and secondary resistance mutations in patients who haven't been treated is crucial in order to optimize and promote the best treatment, to obtain a sustained virological response (SVR) and therefore, reduce the progression to cirrhosis and later to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The main purpose of this research was to evaluate the resistance of HBV to antivirals and show the genetic variability of HBV in a population of blood donors, carrying HBs antigen, naïve to anti-HBV treatment in Abidjan. A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional method was used to establish the molecular profile and to identify the polymorphism of HBV in treatment-naïve infected study participants. Adults blood donors, of any sex, with a positive result for HBsAg, naïve to any antiviral treatment but with an HBV viral load superior to 1000 IU/ml were included. The ABI 3130 Avant sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Courtaboeuf, France) was used to sequence the polymerase (pol) gene to determine HBV resistance genotypes. Fifty-three (N=53) blood donors infected with HBV (HBs Ag positive) were screened. All patients were naïve to any antiviral treatment. Of all these patients, 30 (56.6%) blood donors, carrying HBsAg with a viral load superior to 1000 IU/mL were included in the study. The median age was 34 years old (21-52). The median viral load was 6561 IU/mL (103 – 1.65 x 109). Two mutations of a single base, notably A181T and A181S were highlighted in this study. The A181T mutation was associated with resistance to adefovir, lamivudine and telbivudine. As for the A181S mutation, it was associated with resistance to adefovir only. Analysis of phylogenetic trees obtained by sequencing confirmed the circulation of 2 genotypes: E (22; 92%) and A (2; 8%). The circulation of genotypes A and E of HBV in Côte d'Ivoire has been confirmed by this study, with an estimated genotypic mutation prevalence of 8%. The resistance of HBV to some antiretroviral drugs in the class of HBV polymerase inhibitors, such as lamivudine (3TC), telbivudine (LdT) adefovir (ADV) may be attributed to these mutations.
Abstract: Mutant selection is due to the high rate of viral replication and lack of proofreading activity in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase thus leading to the generation of mutations in HBV. However naturally occurring HBV strains carrying primary drug resistance mutations are very rare in the absence of prior treatment. Monitoring changes in primar...
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Effect of Heat Treatment on Antioxidant Capacity and Antioxidant Compounds of Eight Tomato Varieties from Four Growing Areas in Côte d’Ivoire
Dembélé Syndoux,
Koffi N’dri Emmanuel,
Tchumou Messou,
Fofana Ibrahim,
Anin Atchibri Anin Louise
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
98-103
Received:
17 July 2023
Accepted:
7 August 2023
Published:
15 August 2023
Abstract: The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) is a fruit with high antioxidant power. It contains the secondary metabolites carotenoids (lycopene) and phenolic compounds. Tomatoes are also an excellent source of vitamins such as vitamin C, E and several B-group vitamins, as well as minerals (potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, zinc). However, heat treatment can influence to a greater or lesser extent the presence of these antioxidant compounds and the antioxidant activity in different tomato varieties. The aim of this study is to assess the influence of heat treatment on antioxidant activity and antioxidant compounds in eight tomato varieties from four major growing areas in Côte d'Ivoire. The fresh tomatoes collected and the tomato powders obtained underwent heat treatment at different times (10 min, 20 min and 30 min), after which the supernatant or grindings were used for the determination of phenolic compounds, lycopene, vitamin C and antioxidant activity by DPPH. The results showed that heat treatment reduced phenolic and vitamin C content in all the tomato varieties studied, compared with the respective fresh tomatoes. On the other hand, the lycopene content and antioxidant activity of heat-treated tomato varieties increased in comparison with those of the respective fresh tomatoes. These results could justify the recommendation of tomato sauces by dieticians in the prevention of oxidative stress and, by extension, metabolic diseases.
Abstract: The tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill) is a fruit with high antioxidant power. It contains the secondary metabolites carotenoids (lycopene) and phenolic compounds. Tomatoes are also an excellent source of vitamins such as vitamin C, E and several B-group vitamins, as well as minerals (potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, z...
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Genotype X Environment Interactions and Yield Stability of Tef (Eragrostis tef) Genotypes Grown in Central Parts of Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 4, July 2023
Pages:
104-110
Received:
28 July 2023
Accepted:
17 August 2023
Published:
31 August 2023
Abstract: Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is one of the most significant cereal crops farmed in Ethiopia; it is the first crop in terms of area coverage; nevertheless, its production has been partially hampered by low grain yield and less stability of the released tef genotypes. This study was done to determine the degree of stability and genotype by environment interactions in tef genotypes. Twelve advanced tef genotypes were examined in seven environments under rain-fed conditions using the RCB Design with four replications. AMMI analysis indicated that the environments (E), genotypes (G), and genotype by environment interaction (GEI) were all significantly (p 0.001) affected the yield of tef grains, showing the presence of genetic variation and the potential selection of stable genotypes. As a result, 73.5% of the total sum of squares could be explained by factors such as the environment proving that the test sites' various surroundings led to significant differences in grain output. Principal component analysis was used to further split the GEI; the first two multiplicative axis terms (PCA1 and PCA2) explained 50.8% and 22.5% (73.3%) of the GEI sum of squares, respectively. The standard check Quncho had a grain yield of 1790 kg ha-1, while G12 (DZ-CR-387XDZ-01-974-(RIL# 26B) had a grain yield of 2090 kg ha-1and also more stable, according to the mean grain yield value of the examined genotypes over environments. As a result, this genotype would be used to boost tef production and productivity as well as serve as parent material for tef breeding.
Abstract: Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter] is one of the most significant cereal crops farmed in Ethiopia; it is the first crop in terms of area coverage; nevertheless, its production has been partially hampered by low grain yield and less stability of the released tef genotypes. This study was done to determine the degree of stability and genotype by en...
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