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Immunohistopathological Effects of Combined Administration of Douvir–N and Folc Acid on the Liver and Some Biochemical Parameters in Albino Wistar Rats
Aniekan Imo Peter,
Gabriel Joseph Ekandem
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
197-202
Received:
10 August 2015
Accepted:
13 September 2015
Published:
26 September 2015
Abstract: Douvir–N is a combination of lamivudine, zidovudine and nevirapine used for the treatment of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of combined administration of Douvir–N and folic acid on the histology and some Biochemical parameters in the liver of Wistar rats. Forty adult albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups of ten animals each. Group A served as control and were administered with 1ml of distilled water, group B animals were administered with 9.29mg/kg body weight of Douvir–N, Group C animals were administered with a combination of 9.29mg/kg of Douvir–N and 0.07mg/kg of folic acid. Animals in group D were administered with 0.07mg/kg of folic acid. Animals were sacrificed after 30 days and dissected. The liver was removed and fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde, processed and stained using Haematoxylin and Eosin staining method, carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin-7 (CK-7) immunochemistry methods. Stained slides were viewed using light microscope. Blood samples from each rat was collected using syringes and needles, The sera were extracted into fresh test tubes and stored in a refrigerator for analysis of aspartate aminotransaminase test (AST), alanine aminotransaminase test (ALT), alkaline phosphotase (ALP). The liver of Wistar rats administered with Douvir–N showed distortions in the liver with moderate dilatation of the sinusoidal spaces and nuclei pyknotic changes, with increased expression of CEA and CK7 in the groups treated with Douvir–N than the control groups. There was a significant increase in ALP in the Douvir–N groups. These changes were ameliorated when Douvir–N was combined with Folic acid. The findings suggest that Douvir–N can distort the cytoarchitecture and Biochemical parameters of the liver which could be ameliorated by co-administration with folic acid. Folic acid should be given as adjuvant drug to patients on Douvir–N therapy.
Abstract: Douvir–N is a combination of lamivudine, zidovudine and nevirapine used for the treatment of patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of combined administration of Douvir–N and folic acid on the histology and some Biochemical parameters in the liver of Wistar rats. Forty adult albino Wist...
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Cocoa Fermentation from Agnéby-Tiassa: Biochemical Study of Microflora
Lialiane Maïmouna Kouamé,
Gisèle Ahou Yah Koua,
Jacques Adom Niamké,
Bernadette Gblossi Goualié,
Sébastien Lamine Niamké
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
203-211
Received:
26 May 2015
Accepted:
23 August 2015
Published:
28 September 2015
Abstract: Cocoa beans fermentation is an absolute requirement for the full development of chocolate flavor precursors. Here, we investigated the dynamic of microbial flora succession taking place in Agnéby-Tiassa cocoa fermentation. The results show that the first time of fermentation, the bacterial ecology quickly underwent changes characterized by the successional growth of lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, acetic acid bacteria and Bacillus. The dominance of Lactic acid bacteria observed at the onset of process was represented by a large proportion of homofermentative strains (98.88%). Besides, all the LAB strains were able to metabolize glucose, fructose, sucrose and a proportion of 71.35% exhibit capacity to degrade citric acid. Yeasts population was characterized by a large diversity based on their carbon profile and their ability to produce pectinolytic enzymes (13.55%) essential to degrade pectin of cocoa pulp. Furthermore, acetic acid bacteria were dominated by Acetobacter genus which represent 83.22% of AAB isolated. The later stages of fermentation were dominated by the presence of Bacillus strains which possess technological potentially as pectinolytic activity, capacity to metabolize citric acid and acidification capacity. Our results show that microflora isolated in this cocoa region producer behave differently and emphasize a microbial diversity existing in cocoa fermentation of Agnéby-Tiassa area.
Abstract: Cocoa beans fermentation is an absolute requirement for the full development of chocolate flavor precursors. Here, we investigated the dynamic of microbial flora succession taking place in Agnéby-Tiassa cocoa fermentation. The results show that the first time of fermentation, the bacterial ecology quickly underwent changes characterized by the succ...
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Antibiogram, Biochemical Reactions and Genotyping Characterization of Biofield Treated Staphylococcus aureus
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Sambhu Charan Mondal,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
212-220
Received:
19 September 2015
Accepted:
30 September 2015
Published:
16 October 2015
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the key organism for food poisoning due to massive production of heat stable exotoxins. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on S. aureus. S. aureus (ATCC 25923) was divided into two parts, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treatment. After biofield treatment, Gr. II was further subdivided into two parts, Gr. IIA and Gr. IIB. Gr. IIA was analyzed on day 10, while Gr. IIB was stored and analyzed on day 159 after revival (Study I). The revived sample (Gr. IIB) were retreated on day 159 (Study II), and divided into three separate tubes. Tube 1 was analyzed on day 5, likewise, tube 2 and 3 were analyzed on day 10 and 15, respectively. All the experimental parameters were studied using automated MicroScan Walk-Away® system. The 16S rDNA sequencing was carried out in Gr. IIA sample to correlate the phylogenetic relationship of S. aureus with other bacterial species. The antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration showed significant alteration i.e. 92.86% and 90.00% respectively in treated cells of S. aureus as compared to control. The biochemical reactions also showed the significant (35.71%) alteration in treated sample with respect to control. The biotype number and microbial species were substantially changed in Gr. IIA (767177; Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. urealyticum) on day 10, while only the biotype numbers were changed in rest of the treated samples as compared to control (307016; S. aureus). The 16S rDNA analysis showed that the identified strain in this experiment was S. aureus (GenBank Accession No.: L37597) after biofield treatment. However, the nearest homolog genus-species was found as Staphylococcus simiae (GenBank Accession No.: DQ127902). These results suggested that biofield treatment has a significant impact on S. aureus in lyophilized as well as revived state.
Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is the key organism for food poisoning due to massive production of heat stable exotoxins. The current study was attempted to investigate the effect of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield treatment on S. aureus. S. aureus (ATCC 25923) was divided into two parts, Group (Gr.) I: control and Gr. II: treatment. After biofield treat...
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Evaluation of the Antistaphylococcic Activity of Terminalia macroptera Guill et Perr (Combretaceae) Stem Bark Extracts
Traore Youssouf,
Ouattara Karamoko,
Ouattara Abou,
Méité Souleymane,
Bagré Issa,
Konan Kouadio Fernique,
Coulibaly Adama,
Nathalie Kouadio Guessennd
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
221-225
Received:
10 September 2015
Accepted:
4 October 2015
Published:
19 October 2015
Abstract: Antibacterial activity of ethanolic70% and aqueous extracts of Terminalia macroptera were carried out against five different strains of Staphylococcus aureus Meti-R (S. aureus Meti-R 1541; S. aureus Meti-R 235; S. aureus Meti-R 466; S. aureus Meti-R 485; S. aureus Meti-R 246) and reference strains S. aureus ATCC 25923. Two methods have been used: the method of wells in the agar was used to test the sensibility of bacterial strains while the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were determined by the dilution method in liquid medium. Among all the tested strains, ethanolic70% extract has given the inhibition diameters included between 20 and 24 mm whereas the aqueous extract has varied from 12.67 to 19.33 mm. The values obtained with the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of (MIC) are between 6.25 and 50 mg/ml and those of Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) are between 6.25 and 50 mg/ml. Moreover the ethanolic70% extract has shown the best bactericidal activity against all the tested).
Abstract: Antibacterial activity of ethanolic70% and aqueous extracts of Terminalia macroptera were carried out against five different strains of Staphylococcus aureus Meti-R (S. aureus Meti-R 1541; S. aureus Meti-R 235; S. aureus Meti-R 466; S. aureus Meti-R 485; S. aureus Meti-R 246) and reference strains S. aureus ATCC 25923. Two methods have been used: t...
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Residual Effects of Some Preceded Winter Field Crops on Productivity of Intercropped Soybean with Three Maize Cultivars
Mohamed Mourad Lamlom,
Sherif IbrahimAbdel-Wahab,
Tamer IbrahimAbdel-Wahab,
Emad Kamal Gendy
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
226-242
Received:
18 September 2015
Accepted:
7 October 2015
Published:
28 October 2015
Abstract: A two – year study was carried out at Sids Agricultural Experiments and Research Station, ARC, Beni – Sweif governorate, Egypt, during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the residual effects of the preceded berseem, sugar beet and wheat crops on yield and its attributes of intercropped soybean with three maize cultivars. The treatments consisted of three local maize cultivars (S.C.122, T.W.C.310 and Giza2) that grown with one local soybean cultivar Giza22 in alternating ridges 2:2 and three preceded winter crops (berseem, sugar beet and wheat). A split plot design with three replications was used. The results showed that the preceded berseem (the Egyptian clover) crop residues which had positive allelopathic effects on soil properties contributed mainly in productivity of intercropped soybean with maize. On the other hand, Giza 2 cultivar had a lower negative effect on intercropped soybean productivity than S.C. 122 or T.W.C. 310 cultivar. The interaction between the preceded winter crops and maize cultivars was significant for all the studied soybean traits except branches dry weight, numbers of branches and seeds/plant. Intercropping soybean with T.W.C. 310 cultivar that followed berseem produced 1.78 ton/ha of soybean seeds in addition to 5.60 ton/ha of maize grains. Yield advantage was achieved because of land equivalent ratio was exceeded 1.00. Dominance analysis proved that soybean is dominated component. The highest monetary advantage index was obtained by intercropping soybean with maize cultivar T.W.C. 310 that followed berseem.
Abstract: A two – year study was carried out at Sids Agricultural Experiments and Research Station, ARC, Beni – Sweif governorate, Egypt, during 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 to study the residual effects of the preceded berseem, sugar beet and wheat crops on yield and its attributes of intercropped soybean with three maize cultivars. The treatments consisted of t...
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Evaluation of Biochemical Marker - Glutathione and DNA Fingerprinting of Biofield Energy Treated Oryza sativa
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Sambhu Charan Mondal,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
243-248
Received:
12 October 2015
Accepted:
21 October 2015
Published:
14 November 2015
Abstract: Food production needs to increase to satisfy the demand due to increasing human population worldwide. To minimize this food crisis, an increase in the rice production is necessary in many countries. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on rice (Oryza sativa) for its growth-germination of seedling, glutathione (GSH) content in seedling and mature plants, indole acetic acid (IAA) content in shoots and roots and DNA polymorphism by random amplified polymorphic-DNA (RAPD). The sample of O. sativa cv, 644 was divided into two groups. One group was remained as untreated and coded as control, while the other group was subjected to Mr. Trivedi for biofield energy treatment and denoted as treated sample. The growth-germination of O. sativa seedling data exhibited that the biofield treated seeds was germinated faster on day 3 as compared to control (on day 5). The shoot and root length of seedling was slightly increased in the treated seeds of 10 days old with respect to untreated seeds. Moreover, the plant antioxidant i.e. GSH content in seedling and in mature plants was significantly increased by 639.26% and 56.24%, respectively as compared to untreated sample. Additionally, the plant growth regulatory constituent i.e. IAA level in root and shoot was significantly (p<0.05) increased by 106.90% and 20.35%, respectively with respect to control. Besides, the DNA fingerprinting data using RAPD, revealed that the treated sample showed an average range of 5 to 46% of DNA polymorphism as compared to control. The overall results envisaged that the biofield energy treatment on rice seeds showed a significant improvement in germination, growth of roots and shoots, GSH and IAA content in the treated sample. In conclusion, the treatment of biofield energy on rice seeds could be used as an alternative way to increase the production of rice.
Abstract: Food production needs to increase to satisfy the demand due to increasing human population worldwide. To minimize this food crisis, an increase in the rice production is necessary in many countries. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the impact of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on rice (Oryza sativa) for its growth-germination of...
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Radioprotective Effects of Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists Famotidine and Ranitidine on Gamma-Ray Induced Chromosome Aberration and Micronuclei in vitro in Human Lymphocytes
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
249-255
Received:
25 December 2014
Accepted:
5 January 2015
Published:
13 November 2015
Abstract: Histamine H2 receptor antagonist are used in the clinical treatment of peptic ulcer. In vitro metaphase analysis and micronucleus assay were used to test the effect of Famotidine & Ranitidine on 60Cobalt gamma-ray induced clastogenic effects. Heparinised whole blood was obtained from 6 healthy volunteers and was gamma irradiated with 3Gy. Lymphocyte cultures were initiated and aqueous solution of Famotidine (150µg/ml) & Ranitidine (500µg/ml) was added at 0h and 24h. Cultures were harvested & processed at 48h & 72h for chromosome aberrations and micronucleus analysis respectively. At 0h & 24h after 3Gy gamma irradiation, cultures treated with Famotidine & Ranitidine independently showed significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in the frequency of chromosome aberration. At 0h & 24h Famotidine induced 60.91% & 56.42% inhibition in dicentrics & 59.39% & 56.21% inhibition was observed in total aberrations where as Ranitidine induce 52.11% & 43.54% inhibition in dicentrics and 53.06% & 46.66% inhibition in total aberrations at 0h & 24h. Significant decrease in the frequency of micronuclei was observed with Famotidine treatment after 3Gy of gamma irradiation, which induced inhibition of 48.83% (p < 0.0001) at 0hr & 5.02% (p < 0.016) at 24h. However, Ranitidine induced significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in frequency of micronuclei of 28.85% at 0h where as a decrease in frequency was observed of 2.88% at 24h although not significant when compared with 3Gy gamma irradiation alone. In conclusion radio protective effects of Histamine H2 receptor antagonists Famotidine and Ranitidine was observed on exposure togamma-ray.
Abstract: Histamine H2 receptor antagonist are used in the clinical treatment of peptic ulcer. In vitro metaphase analysis and micronucleus assay were used to test the effect of Famotidine & Ranitidine on 60Cobalt gamma-ray induced clastogenic effects. Heparinised whole blood was obtained from 6 healthy volunteers and was gamma irradiated with 3Gy. Lymphocyt...
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Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous, Ethanol and Acetone Extracts of Ocimum sanctum Linn
Naima S. Seleman,
Ezekiel Amri
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
256-261
Received:
24 October 2015
Accepted:
2 November 2015
Published:
17 November 2015
Abstract: Aqueous, ethanol and acetone leaf and root extracts of Ocimum sanctum Linn were investigated for their antibacterial activities at various concentrations against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using standard methods. Antimicrobial studies indicated that both the acetone leaf and root extracts of O. sanctum were found comparatively more effective against these bacteria than any other extract tested while aqueous extract being the least effective against the tested microbes. The highest mean zone of inhibition of acetone leaf extract against P. aeruginosa was 20.74± 0.68 followed by 19.36± 0.29 at concentration 150mg/ml and 100 mg/ml respectively. The aqueous and ethanol root extracts of O. sanctum for had no inhibitory effect against the test microorganisms. Generally the acetone crude extracts showed activity against the three bacteria species with highest average zone of inhibition compared to other extracts. The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract was more pronounced against test microbes than root extract. The study revealed that the plant possessed antimicrobial properties and could be a potential source of antibacterial agent in the treatment of bacterial infections.
Abstract: Aqueous, ethanol and acetone leaf and root extracts of Ocimum sanctum Linn were investigated for their antibacterial activities at various concentrations against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using standard methods. Antimicrobial studies indicated that both the acetone leaf and root extracts of O. sanctum were f...
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Effect of Processing on the Nutritive Value of Clarias gariepinus from Isinla Fish Pond, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria
Adewumi Adejoke Abeni,
Ogunlade Ibiyinka,
Coker Folakemi Funmilayo
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
262-266
Received:
13 September 2015
Accepted:
13 November 2015
Published:
10 December 2015
Abstract: As some consumers in Nigeria showed preference for some form of method of processing/preservation of C. gariepinus, this study investigated the proximate and mineral composition of the fillets of a pond raised Clarias gariepinus, using the common methods of smoking and oven drying. The biochemical assay of the moisture, ash, crude protein, fibre, lipid and the elements, Fe, K and P of the fillets were done in the laboratory. The protein and fat contents of the oven dried (43.7%±1.32a; 22.2±0.35) and smoked (32.3±1.07; 13.5±0.17) samples were significantly higher (P>0.05) than those of the wet samples (16.2±1.00; 8.02±0.57). The general trend observed is increase in protein, lipid, fibre and carbohydrate contents of the fish fillets, as they were subjected to various drying methods, in the order of wetsmoked>oven-dried). The ash and the crude fibre contents of the fish fillets were low. The fillets were rich in minerals. The values of phosphorus, iron and potassium obtained in the oven dried and smoked samples were significantly higher (p>0.05) than those obtained for the fresh fish and the values of phosphorus and potassium obtained in the fish samples were higher than the iron content. The catfish in this pond, irrespective of the processing method, belonged to high protein (16.2-43.7%) and high fat (8.02-22.2%) fish group This study has shown that oven-drying and smoking concentrated the micro and macronutrients and provide a relative nutritional stability for the catfish meat and also enable the fish provide higher percentage of protein, fats and minerals, which are essential nutrients that could satisfactorily supplement cereals, the staple foods of the Nigerian people.
Abstract: As some consumers in Nigeria showed preference for some form of method of processing/preservation of C. gariepinus, this study investigated the proximate and mineral composition of the fillets of a pond raised Clarias gariepinus, using the common methods of smoking and oven drying. The biochemical assay of the moisture, ash, crude protein, fibre, l...
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Comparative Physicochemical Evaluation of Biofield Treated Phosphate Buffer Saline and Hanks Balanced Salt Medium
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
Rakesh Kumar Mishra,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
267-277
Received:
24 October 2015
Accepted:
9 November 2015
Published:
21 December 2015
Abstract: Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) has numerous biological and pharmaceutical applications. Hank buffer salt (HBS) has been used as a medium for tissue culture applications. This research study was aimed to investigate the influence of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on physicochemical properties of the PBS and HBS. The study was executed in two group’s i.e. control and treated. The control group was kept aside as control and treated group had received the biofield energy treatment. The control and treated samples were further characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The XRD analysis indicated the increase in crystallite size by 5.20% in treated PBS as compared to the control. Similarly, the treated HBS also showed increase in crystallite size by 3.20% with respect to the control. Additionally, the treated PBS showed an increase in Bragg’s angle (2θ) as compared to the control sample. However, a decrease in Bragg’s angle of XRD peaks of the treated sample was noticed in the treated HBS. The DSC analysis of the control PBS showed melting temperature at 224.84°C; however melting temperature was not observed in the treated sample. However, DSC analysis of the treated HBS showed an increase in melting temperature (152.83°C) in comparison with the control (150.60°C). Additionally, the latent heat of fusion of the treated HBS was increased substantially by 108.83% as compared to the control. The TGA thermogram of the treated PBS showed an increase in onset of thermal degradation (212°C) as compared to the control (199°C). Whereas, the treated HBS showed less weight loss comparing with the control sample. This indicated the increase in thermal stability of the both the treated PBS and HBS samples. The FT-IR spectroscopic analysis of treated PBS showed alterations in the frequency of the functional groups such as O-H, C-H, P=O, O=P-OH, and P-OH as compared to the control. Additionally, the FT-IR spectrum of the treated HBS showed increase in frequency of calcium chloride phase (1444→1448 cm-1) as compared to the control sample. Altogether, it was observed that biofield energy treatment had caused physical, thermal and spectral changes in the treated samples as compared to the control. It is assumed that biofield energy treated PBS and HBS could be a good prospect for biological and tissue culture applications.
Abstract: Phosphate buffer saline (PBS) has numerous biological and pharmaceutical applications. Hank buffer salt (HBS) has been used as a medium for tissue culture applications. This research study was aimed to investigate the influence of Mr. Trivedi’s biofield energy treatment on physicochemical properties of the PBS and HBS. The study was executed in two...
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Fish Behaviour and Immune Response as a Potential Indicator of Stress Caused by 4-Nonylphenol
Madhu Sharma,
Pooja Chadha,
Manoj Kumar Borah
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 6, November 2015
Pages:
278-283
Received:
17 November 2015
Accepted:
27 November 2015
Published:
30 December 2015
Abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to study the stress response in fish Channa punctatus after treatment with 4-nonylphenol. Stress response was measured by studying the change in behaviour and immume system. After range finding experiment fish were exposed to 5 concentrations of 4-NP and LC50 was determined (LC50=1.27mg/l). Simultaneously behavioural response was observed for 96 hours of exposure. After LC50 determination three sublethal concentrations were decided and fish were exposed for 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours and differential leucocytes count was calculated. Significant change in the number of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils was seen. This study concludes that fish immune system and behaviour are most sensitive parameters to study the stress level in fish.
Abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to study the stress response in fish Channa punctatus after treatment with 4-nonylphenol. Stress response was measured by studying the change in behaviour and immume system. After range finding experiment fish were exposed to 5 concentrations of 4-NP and LC50 was determined (LC50=1.27mg/l). Simultaneously be...
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