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Studies to Improve Wheat for High Temperature Stress Areas
Suman Bakshi,
Vikash Kumar,
Abhijit Shitre,
Bikram Kishore Das
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
64-69
Received:
27 February 2015
Accepted:
17 March 2015
Published:
9 April 2015
Abstract: Heat stress is one of major limitations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity in arid, semiarid, tropical and semi tropical regions of world. Wheat is grown as winter cereal crop in subtropical countries like India. The crop experiences chronic high temperature at most of phenological stages of growth. A detailed understanding of genetic variation and mechanisms of heat tolerance in wheat would facilitate development of intrinsically thermotolerant genotypes. To understand thermotolerance of currently grown wheat varieties, studies on physiological assays at seedling stage, canopy temperature depression (CTD), dry matter translocation (DMT) were carried out along with estimation of field performance. Seedling screening assays identified varieties showing thermotolerance at seedling stage and showed association with high temperature tolerance at adult plant stage. Advanced generation selections were developed from the crosses involving these genotypes, which showed yield advantage over standard check in rod row trials at three different locations. The thousand-kernel weight for these selections ranged from 47.7 to 50.1g with average increase of 13% over the parental mean at Pune location. Studies on an alternative dwarfing gene Rht8, known to reduce plant height by 10 percent without significant reduction in yield under high temperature was also undertaken. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of 92 genotypes confirmed the absence of Rht8 gene in the cultivated varieties of India. Rht8 gene was transferred to tall genotypes viz. Ajantha and MP3054 from donor Chuan Mai18. Studies on canopy temperature depression on a set of varieties in complementation with dry matter translocation established that cooler canopies with a longer grain-filling period of 40-42 days after ear emergence showed advantage under continual heat stress throughout growth period. Further research is in continuation to dissect and understand the genetic basis to variation in heat stress tolerance exhibited by different varieties.
Abstract: Heat stress is one of major limitations in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity in arid, semiarid, tropical and semi tropical regions of world. Wheat is grown as winter cereal crop in subtropical countries like India. The crop experiences chronic high temperature at most of phenological stages of growth. A detailed understanding of genetic var...
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Occurrence of High Acetic Acid-Producing Bacteria in Ivorian Cocoa Fermentation and Analysis of Their Response to Fermentative Stress
Souleymane Soumahoro,
Honoré Gnenéquidou Ouattara,
Bernadette Gblossi Goualié,
Gisèle Koua,
Ginette Doue,
Sébastien Lamine Niamke
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
70-79
Received:
30 March 2015
Accepted:
15 April 2015
Published:
5 May 2015
Abstract: Acetic acid produced during cocoa fermentation impact strongly the quality of fermented and dried cocoa beans and chocolate. The objective of this study was to analyze acid production in Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and their response to fermentative conditions. AAB strains were isolated from cocoa fermentation and screened for acid production on both solid and liquid media. From 444 isolates, 15 strains yielded 2 to 38.1 g/L of acid in liquid medium. The best acid producers were identified by biochemical typing as Acetobactersp, Acetobacteraceti, A. peroxydans, A. pasteurianus and Gluconobacteroxydans. Most AAB strains showed strong tolerance to alcohol with round 45% of survival growth rate (SGR) under 12 % ethanol. AAB strains growing well at 2 % acetic acid (SGRround 47 %), failed to grow at 3 % of this acid. Lactic acid has the most hindering effect on AAB growth, provoking a drop of SGR from 100 % to less than 25 % at only 1 % of lactic acid. Maximum growth of acidifying AAB strains occurred at 35 °C. This study evidences the diversity of technological performances of AAB involved in Ivorian cocoa fermentation and allows targeting the most valuable strains as starters.
Abstract: Acetic acid produced during cocoa fermentation impact strongly the quality of fermented and dried cocoa beans and chocolate. The objective of this study was to analyze acid production in Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and their response to fermentative conditions. AAB strains were isolated from cocoa fermentation and screened for acid production on bot...
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Serum Neopterin Level in Early Onset Neonatal Sepsis
Fathia Sayed El Nemer,
Dina Abdel Razek Midan,
Ahmed Fouad Mohamed
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
80-86
Received:
17 April 2015
Accepted:
22 April 2015
Published:
5 May 2015
Abstract: Objective: The Aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of serum neopterin level in neonatal sepsis and to evaluate risk factors for neonatal sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit of Menoufyia University hospital. Background: Neonatal sepsis has been used to describe the systemic response to infection in the newborn infant younger than one month age. Neopterin is one of biochemical markers of immune activity, which seems to be useful in monitoring inflammatory diseases. Increased concentration of neopterin in serum is observed in conditions with involvement of cellmediated immune response. Methods: Our study was conducted on 88 neonates recruited from NICU of and divided to Group І (suspected sepsis), It includes 35 neonates with symptoms and signs suggestive of sepsis or at high risk of infection. Group ІІ (proven sepsis), It includes 38 neonates who are septic with clinical picture of sepsis and laboratory data showing sepsis, Group Ш (Controls), It includes 15 healthy neonates with no evidence of sepsis, all groups were subjected to history taking, clinical examination and laboratory Investigations included complete blood count, blood cultures, Quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP) and Serum neopterin level. Results: Serum neopterin was significantly high in Group I (44.46±24.72) and Group II (108.37±22.38) than in controls and the best cutoff value of serum neopterin to detect sepsis is 70.56 nmol/L with sensitivity 94.7% and specificity 88.6% .and that neopetrin correlated well with mortalities due to sepsis. Conclusion: Neopterin found to be a diagnostic and prognostic factor in patients with sepsis.
Abstract: Objective: The Aim of the study is to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic values of serum neopterin level in neonatal sepsis and to evaluate risk factors for neonatal sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit of Menoufyia University hospital. Background: Neonatal sepsis has been used to describe the systemic response to infection in the newborn inf...
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Seasonal Species Composition and Abundance of Rodents in Yerer Mountain Forest Area, Central Ethiopia
Yonas Terefe,
Fikresilasie Samuel
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
87-92
Received:
16 April 2015
Accepted:
22 April 2015
Published:
6 May 2015
Abstract: An ecological study on the seasonal species composition and abundance of rodents was carried out in the farmland, bushland, forest and grassland habitats of Yerer Mountain Forest Area from July 2010 to March 2011. From a total of 3312 trap nights, 402 individuals of small mammals were captured. Out of these, 400 (99.5%) individuals represented 6 species of the family Muridae and whereas the remaining 2 (0.5%) belonged to one shrew species (family Soricidae). The seasonal species composition within each habitat was not significant. But there was significant variation in their relative abundance during wet and dry seasons. High mean trap success (23.5%) and biomass (4151g/hectare) was obtained from the farmland habitat. Number of pregnant females and embryo count showed seasonal variation. Stomach content analysis showed high proportion of plant matter in all samples.
Abstract: An ecological study on the seasonal species composition and abundance of rodents was carried out in the farmland, bushland, forest and grassland habitats of Yerer Mountain Forest Area from July 2010 to March 2011. From a total of 3312 trap nights, 402 individuals of small mammals were captured. Out of these, 400 (99.5%) individuals represented 6 sp...
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Intracellular Redox Status and Cell Death Induced by H2O2 in a Human Retinal Epithelial Cell Line (ARPE-19)
Fernández Angulo Daniela,
Lewis Luján Lidianys María,
Iloki Assanga Simon Bernard,
Gil-Salido Armida Andrea,
Lara Espinoza Claudia Lizeth,
Rubio-Pino José Luis
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
93-113
Received:
7 April 2015
Accepted:
18 April 2015
Published:
13 May 2015
Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is a normal by-product of cellular metabolism that in higher concentrations can cause oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species impair the physiological functions of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which are known as one major cause of ocular pathologies. Most studies investigating the influence of H2O2 on cells in culture but H2O2 concentrations are not sustained in culture medium. Continuous generation using glucose oxidase (GOx) system allows application of relevant low H2O2 concentrations over physiologically relevant times periods (up to 24 h). Recent findings suggest that bolus and GOx treatments can lead to different cellular response, thus warranting a quantitative comparison between the two approaches. When added as a pulse H2O2 is rapidly depleted. Continuous generation of H2O2 produces different behavior in function of GOx activities. Cytotoxicity analyses show that cells can tolerate short exposure to high H2O2 doses delivered as a pulse but are susceptible to lower continuous doses. Application of hydrogen peroxide causes a concentration-dependent decrease in the intracellular glutathione (GSH) content that was accompanied by a matching decrease in the glutathione peroxide activity and reducing power (FRAP).
Abstract: Hydrogen peroxide is a normal by-product of cellular metabolism that in higher concentrations can cause oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species impair the physiological functions of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, which are known as one major cause of ocular pathologies. Most studies investigating the influence of H2O2 on cells in culture...
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Onset of Metabolic Syndrome: A Short Review on the Current Risk Towards Bangladeshi Women
Taslima Rafique,
Zebunnesa Zeba,
Rashed Noor
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 3, May 2015
Pages:
114-116
Received:
9 May 2015
Accepted:
15 May 2015
Published:
28 May 2015
Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MS) describes the co-occurrence of central adiposity, dysglycemia, hypertension, lipid abnormalities and a number of other metabolic changes that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases with concomitant adverse effects on other organs too. Now a day, it is one of the fastest growing public health burdens in the Asia-Pacific region. But people in this region are no more overweight than Europeans and Americans. Unfortunately, in South Asia, MS screening has only been performed in a few countries other than Bangladesh. Although the food habit, physical activity and life style of Bangladeshi population have been changed to a relatively healthier approach, several studies still revealed that rural women of Bangladesh are at risk of developing MS. Present review thus emphasized to create awareness among rural as well as urban women about MS, in clustering form and also about its individual component.
Abstract: Metabolic syndrome (MS) describes the co-occurrence of central adiposity, dysglycemia, hypertension, lipid abnormalities and a number of other metabolic changes that increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases with concomitant adverse effects on other organs too. Now a day, it is one of the fastest growing public health burdens in the Asia-Pacific...
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