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Synergistic Evaluation of Moringa oleifera, Hunteria umbellate and Azadirachta indica with Antibiotics Against Environmental MRSA Isolates: An In-vitro Study
Akinrotoye Kehinde Peter,
Akinduti Paul,
Lanlokun Olabisi,
Adetogun Clement
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
91-98
Received:
25 May 2020
Accepted:
8 June 2020
Published:
6 July 2020
Abstract: Methicillin–Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known to show resistance to beta-lactam class of antibiotics. MRSA is among the highest superbugs posing dangerous threats to humans. This study aimed at determining the in-vitro synergistic evaluation of Moringa oleifera, Hunteria umbellate and Azadirachta indica extracts with existing antibiotics (Azithromycin, Clindamycin and Vancomycin) on isolated MRSA from fomites. MRSA was isolated using the BBL™ Oxacillin agar screen test (Müller Hinton Agar with 6 μg/mL Oxacillin and 4% NaCl). The Minimum Bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the MRSA were determined by Agar well diffusion using antibiotics in solitary, plant extracts in solitary, combination of these antibiotics with plant extracts at different concentrations. The agar diffusion assay showed that H. umbellate extract-Azithromycin combination had the least zones of inhibition ≥21.00±1.92 mm in 75% of all isolates testedwhile M. oleifera extract-Azithromycin combination had the highest zones of inhibition ≥22.20 ±2.27 mm. Comparison of bactericidal activities of all plant extracts and antibiotics synergy shows Azithromycin to have a significant value of P>0.05. The agar well diffusion method showed synergistic effects between combination of antibiotics and all extracts with significant increase in the zones of inhibition of the test antibiotics against environmental strains of MRSA. The synergistic interactions indicated that the inhibitory potentials of the plant extracts increased hence, combining natural products derived from phytochemicals and antibiotics could be another way to mitigate and fight against resistant infectious bacteria.
Abstract: Methicillin–Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known to show resistance to beta-lactam class of antibiotics. MRSA is among the highest superbugs posing dangerous threats to humans. This study aimed at determining the in-vitro synergistic evaluation of Moringa oleifera, Hunteria umbellate and Azadirachta indica extracts with existing antibiot...
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Analyses of Genetic Variability, Character Association, Heritability and Genetic Advance of Tossa Jute (Corchorus olitorius) Genotypes for Morphology & Stem Anatomy
Mukul Md. Mia,
Nargis Akter,
Md. Golam Mostofa,
Sheikh Shorif Uddin Ahmed,
Iffat Jahan Nur,
Md. Al-Mamun,
Md. Harun-Or Rashid
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
99-112
Received:
9 June 2020
Accepted:
20 June 2020
Published:
13 July 2020
Abstract: Background and aims: Investigation was carried out to estimate the variability, heritability, genetic advance for fiber yield based on yield attributing morpho-anatomical traits of tossa jute in field and laboratory. Materials & Methods: The experiments were carried out using 12 tossa jute genotypes followed by randomized complete block design in five jute research regions (Rangpur, Faridpur, Jessore, Manikganj districts and Bangladesh Jute Research Institute head office, Dhaka) of Bangladesh during 2019-20. Hypothesis: The tested genotypes were expected to perform better for fiber yield than control varieties. Results: The jute genotypes i.e. Acc. 1318, Acc. 1306, (JRO S1), O-412-9-4, O-0512-6-2 providing good results for plant height, base diameter, green weight and dry fiber yield in morphological study; and total trapezoidal area per transverse section, number of trapezoid per T. section, bark diameter, bark thickness in anatomical study depicting the more variability as well as possibility of tossa jute development. These morphological and anatomical traits showing significant association with one another, and coupled with high genetic and phenotypic variance-covariance components; high heritability; high & moderate genetic advance and genetic advance in percent of mean would be used for selection of jute genotypes regarding the jute crop improvement for fiber yield. Conclusions: The high variation for morphological and anatomical characters may be considered as effective method for screening of jute genotypes for higher fiber yield comparing with control varieties. The genotypes i.e. Acc. 1318, Acc. 1306, (JRO S1), O-412-9-4, O-0512-6-2 with good morphological and anatomical traits related to yield could be used as parents in breeding program as well as jute variety development.
Abstract: Background and aims: Investigation was carried out to estimate the variability, heritability, genetic advance for fiber yield based on yield attributing morpho-anatomical traits of tossa jute in field and laboratory. Materials & Methods: The experiments were carried out using 12 tossa jute genotypes followed by randomized complete block design in...
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Response of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) as Affected by NP Fertilizer and Planting Method on Yield and Yield Related Traits in West Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia
Gezahegn Assefa,
Sintayehu Girma,
Dereje Deresa
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, July 2020
Pages:
113-122
Received:
11 May 2020
Accepted:
3 June 2020
Published:
28 July 2020
Abstract: Hot Pepper is an important food and cash crop in eastern Ethiopia including Daro labu and Boke Districts of West Hararghe Zone. A field experiment was conducted in Daro labu and Boke Districts, under rainfed during 2016-2017 cropping season, with the objectives of to determine the influence of NP fertilizers rates and method of planting on the yield and yield components of hot pepper and to estimate the cost-benefit of application fertilize rates and planting method in hot pepper production. Mareko fana variety, which is the dominant hot pepper variety produced in the area was used as planting material for the study, The treatments consisted of five combined rates of Nitrogen and phosphorus (0/0, 41/46, 61/69, 82/92 and 102/115 kg level of N/P2O5 ha-1) and three methods of planting (broadcasting, drilling and transplanting method) were used. The experiment was laid out as a randomized complete block design in a 5 x 3 factorial arrangement and replicated three times. From the combined analysis of variance over the location, the result revealed that the two main factors fertilizer rates and planting method had a significant effect on all traits, except that fertilizer and planting method had a non-significant effect on fruit diameter, from interaction effect of fertilizer rates and planting methods, the highest mean of plant height (64.24cm), canopy diameter (44.15cm) and fruit number (26.70) per plant were obtained from 102/115kg N/P ha-1 in combined with drilling planting method. The highest fruit length (9.33cm), diameter (3.92), weight (2.82 gm), marketable (2.05t/ha) and total yield (2.26 t/ha) were recorded from plots that received 102/115 kg N/P ha-1 fertilizers combined with drilling planting method, while the lowest dry pod yield (0.55t/ha) was obtained from plot received control 0/0 kg NP ha-1 combined with transplanting method. While the highest unmarketable fruit yield (0.42 t/ha) was recorded from control (0/0) with the broadcasting method. Moreover, Partial budget analysis result has shown that application of 102/115 kg N/P ha-1 fertilizer rate with combined with drilling planting method was found to be economically viable with net income 71572.25 of Birr ha-1 with 265.28% marginal rate of return was obtained from the application of 102/115 kg N/P ha-1 fertilizer rate combined with drilling sowing method. Therefore, it could be recommended for the production of hot pepper crops in the study area and similar agro ecology.
Abstract: Hot Pepper is an important food and cash crop in eastern Ethiopia including Daro labu and Boke Districts of West Hararghe Zone. A field experiment was conducted in Daro labu and Boke Districts, under rainfed during 2016-2017 cropping season, with the objectives of to determine the influence of NP fertilizers rates and method of planting on the yiel...
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