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Economic Analysis of Hybrid Rice in Taluka Golarchi District Baddin Sindh, Pakistan
Qurat Ul Ain Memon,
Shoaib Ahmed Wagan,
Tufail Ahmed Wagan,
Irfan Hussain Memon,
Zohaib Ahmed Wagan,
Hina Memon,
Zahoor Ahmed Wagan,
Asadullah Jamro,
Shakeel Ahmed Wagan,
Imran Hussain Memon,
Adnan Hussain Memon
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
264-269
Received:
20 August 2015
Accepted:
28 August 2015
Published:
16 October 2015
Abstract: Rice is second food source after wheat and is an important foreign exchange earning commodity of Pakistan’s economy, which gives about $950 million annually. Pakistan grows rice including early and late maturing verities, hybrid and conventional rice verities which are consider as high quality rice verities. The study was design to conduct economic analysis of hybrid rice production; major findings of the study were financial gain from hybrid rice. Taluka Golarchi was selected for the present study because it is a hybrid rice cropping zone, primary data on hybrid rice was collected from the farmers through personal interviews with the help of specially designed questionnaire. Result shows that total costs per acre of hybrid rice were 65993.62Rs/Acre which were slightly high due higher hybrid seed prices, slightly higher land management costs. On an average higher yield 78.88monds/acre was obtained from hybrid rice. The gross revenue was received as 85643.96Rs/Acre. Study results further indicate that hybrid rice growers obtained higher gross margin 38199.34Rs/Acre, which gives additional income to poor farmers in study Area.Therefore, gross revenue gained 85643.96Rs/Acre by hybrid rice. High profit was observed in hybrid rice. Most of the farmers focused to grow hybrid rice due to high yield advantage.
Abstract: Rice is second food source after wheat and is an important foreign exchange earning commodity of Pakistan’s economy, which gives about $950 million annually. Pakistan grows rice including early and late maturing verities, hybrid and conventional rice verities which are consider as high quality rice verities. The study was design to conduct economic...
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Access to Housing Finance by the Poor and Study of Microfinance for Housing (MFH) in India
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
270-280
Received:
1 October 2015
Accepted:
16 October 2015
Published:
28 October 2015
Abstract: Access to housing finance is a major challenge for the poor and low income groups because of underdeveloped housing finance market, high transaction cost, lack of collateral, type of housing credit and other factors specific to local area. The paper analyzes nature and pattern of microfinance for housing (MFH) in India and its impact on low segment housing finance. Using primary data collected from microcredit clients from different regions in two southern states in India (Kerala and Karnataka) it discusses two different MFH schemes to understand low segment housing finance and its impact on rural housing activities. Our data support to estimate the approximate size of the low segment housing credit market and the existing gap between demand for and supply of such credit. Findings of the paper offer better understanding about functioning of low segment housing finance markets and potential to improve housing condition of the poor through developing such markets including MFH. Major constraints of MFH program in India are inadequate fund, poor product design, low scale of operation scale and policy related issue. Inter-links between microcredit and MFH is evident from our data. Average demand for housing credit was estimated three times higher than its supply and mostly for new construction of houses rather to repair and renovate existing houses. Though MFH found inadequate to meet the demand for housing credit but it works as kick starts for housing activities and influences household decision making in terms of start of housing activities, fund arrangement and utilization, allocation of resources, asset creation etc. which are crucial for the poor. Housing activities in our study not found progressive as argued by earlier study [1].
Abstract: Access to housing finance is a major challenge for the poor and low income groups because of underdeveloped housing finance market, high transaction cost, lack of collateral, type of housing credit and other factors specific to local area. The paper analyzes nature and pattern of microfinance for housing (MFH) in India and its impact on low segment...
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Customer’s Attitude Towards Mobile Advertising in Bangladesh
Sheikh Majedul Huq,
S. M. Shahedul Alam,
Md. Nekmahmud,
Mst. Shuly Aktar,
S. M. Shamiul Alam
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
281-292
Received:
30 September 2015
Accepted:
19 October 2015
Published:
28 October 2015
Abstract: In the age of information communication technology (ICT) uses of mobile phone or cell phone is increasing and business environment of Bangladesh is becoming more competitive day by day. Most of the companies strive to maximize their sales volume and use advertisements to promote their products and services. The main objective of the study is to examine the customer’s attitude towards mobile advertising in Bangladesh. Through which marketers can scan the real scenario about the customer’s attitude towards the mobile advertising. The study, descriptive in nature, has been conducted based on primary and secondary data. A conceptual framework has been designed to conduct the research. That is hypothesized on the five independent variables, these are: entertainment, informativeness, irritation, credibility and incentive have influenced on attitude towards mobile advertising. The study has been conducted among 130 respondents over fourteen (14) years old in Bangladesh, who own a cell phone. The survey questionnaire has been included 21 attitude measurement questions designed under seven (7) points semantic differential scale. The collected data have been analyzed by using factor analysis and multiple regression analysis through the SPSS 20.0 version. The study also shows that companies taking permission from only 17% of respondents sending mobile advertising. Most of the customers would like to receive mobile advertising in the morning and night. The factor analysis of the study also divided the predictors into six different factors those can be used for the further study. Customer’s attitude towards the mobile advertising has explained 69.8% by the independent variables were entertained, informativeness, credibility and incentive have positive and irritation has negative influence on consumer attitude. It can help to take proper business decisions and making suitable competitive strategies about effective business communication and advertisement which can ensure its long term sustainable economic development in the competitive business world.
Abstract: In the age of information communication technology (ICT) uses of mobile phone or cell phone is increasing and business environment of Bangladesh is becoming more competitive day by day. Most of the companies strive to maximize their sales volume and use advertisements to promote their products and services. The main objective of the study is to exa...
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Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008)
Mousa Tawfeeq,
Gerard D’Souza
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
293-300
Received:
20 October 2015
Accepted:
30 October 2015
Published:
17 November 2015
Abstract: Productivity is growing in importance in Kurdistan as it evolves into a more formal, market-based economy. The measurement of productivity and factors of production - labor and capital – are important indicators of industrial firm performance, with an increase in productivity positively affecting economic growth. This research attempts to quantify the impacts of labor & capital on industrial productivity in the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Moreover, the correspondence between a number of hypotheses and empirical findings are examined. Specifically, this research creates a protocol to enable comparison among productivity indicators in production units in industrial firms. We examine the role of capital and labor forces on productivity in industries of Kurdistan over the 1995-2008 period. The study uses the added values of output, the number of workers, and capital value on productivity. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is another indicator that is estimated in this research. The results indicate that the growth of industrial firms in Kurdistan is influenced more by labor than by capital productivity. The measurement of these effects is 0.65 and 1.42 for labor and capital, respectively. The production function exhibits increasing returns to scale. It can be concluded that labor is more significant to productivity than capital in this region. It reinforces the low level of technology in firms. Capital per worker (k=K/L) has a positive and significant effect on productivity in industrial firms of Kurdistan region.
Abstract: Productivity is growing in importance in Kurdistan as it evolves into a more formal, market-based economy. The measurement of productivity and factors of production - labor and capital – are important indicators of industrial firm performance, with an increase in productivity positively affecting economic growth. This research attempts to quantify ...
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Study of Intra-industry Trade in Sino-Japan Service Industry: Measurement and Influencing Factors
Zeng Xiaolong,
Ma Ran,
Li Beibei
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
301-306
Received:
2 November 2015
Accepted:
12 November 2015
Published:
5 December 2015
Abstract: By the calculation of G-L Index and MIIT Index between China and Japan from 2001 to 2011, this thesis concludes that industry trade in service is primarily featured by intra-industry trade. On this basis, using the analysis by gradually quoting and illustrating the variable data figures out that market opening, different demand and economics of scale are the critical factors for influencing intra-industry trade in Sino-Japan service industry. Relevant policy conclusions are also suggested at the end of this thesis.
Abstract: By the calculation of G-L Index and MIIT Index between China and Japan from 2001 to 2011, this thesis concludes that industry trade in service is primarily featured by intra-industry trade. On this basis, using the analysis by gradually quoting and illustrating the variable data figures out that market opening, different demand and economics of sca...
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Some Market Trends of Wood Products Exports in Ghana and Their Implications for Stakeholders: The Case of Furniture and Kiln-Dried Lumber
Peter Kessels Dadzie,
Kojo Agyapong Afrifah,
Paul Benedict Inkum
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
307-314
Received:
3 November 2015
Accepted:
15 November 2015
Published:
30 December 2015
Abstract: Market trends information like price/value fluctuations aid traders and investors to create profits. This study assessed unit values of garden furniture and lumber among wood species, as well as the destination and product type effect on these values. Reports on wood products export were reviewed to obtain data for analyses. Findings were that values/m3 of all wood species were higher when used for garden furniture than when used for lumber production for exports. Among the identified wood species for both garden furniture and lumber production for export, Pericopsis elata (afromosia) had the highest value for both furniture (€3,308.844) and lumber (€869.00) whereas Terminalia ivorensis (emire) had the least furniture value (€1,336.936) while Pycnanthus angolensis (otie) had the least lumber value (€263.10). Sweden and Italy respectively offered the highest (€17,891.80) and lowest (€1134.30) mean garden furniture value, while Sweden and France respectively offered the highest (€557.31) and lowest (€314.97) lumber value. Direction of trade and product type had significant effect (p<0.01) on values of the products and they explained 92.3% of the variations. Generally, both products registered a decreasing trend in volumes exported over the period but lumber value/m3 appreciated whereas furniture value/m3 fell. Conclusions were that the most valued wood species for both lumber and furniture in the export market is afromosia and the best destination for both furniture and kiln-dried lumber export is Sweden. Based on monetary values, it was recommended that garden furniture production for exports should be encouraged than lumber, and furniture export to Sweden could yield higher values/m3.
Abstract: Market trends information like price/value fluctuations aid traders and investors to create profits. This study assessed unit values of garden furniture and lumber among wood species, as well as the destination and product type effect on these values. Reports on wood products export were reviewed to obtain data for analyses. Findings were that valu...
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Vertical Competition and Outsourcing in a Supply Chain
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
315-322
Received:
23 November 2015
Accepted:
4 December 2015
Published:
30 December 2015
Abstract: This paper explores the importance of supply chain asymme tries by investigating the difference between firms in terms of key parameters. For the examination of inter-firm competition through product development, the context of simultaneous entry and sequential entry are treated separately. This allows a deeper understanding of the implications of information asymmetry and commit ment which have been regarded as important determinants in the context of game-theoretic studies. The study of innovation based competition has often considered aspects related to patent races and incremental product-process innovation to achieve distinctive advantage. However, recently innovation-based competition has become an aspect of buyer-supplier relationships. There are many instances in manufacturing where one finds situations of lock-ins created by innovative suppliers.
Abstract: This paper explores the importance of supply chain asymme tries by investigating the difference between firms in terms of key parameters. For the examination of inter-firm competition through product development, the context of simultaneous entry and sequential entry are treated separately. This allows a deeper understanding of the implications of ...
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Critical Success Factors of Knowledge Management System in Vietnam
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
323-327
Received:
5 December 2015
Accepted:
14 December 2015
Published:
30 December 2015
Abstract: Knowledge management plays a very important role in business operation, especially in the efficient exploitation of information or knowledge resources through technology. Technology provides the basic tools for implementing and improving the efficiency of knowledge management activities within an enterprise. To understand the relative influence of various factors in improving knowledge management systems, this study used data from 92 Vietnamese enterprises having knowledge management systems. The study identified a number of important factors directly affecting the success of knowledge management system in Vietnam enterprises. Based on the results of this study, the authors gave several recommendations for Vietnam enterprises in the development and application of knowledge management systems, and suggested future studies.
Abstract: Knowledge management plays a very important role in business operation, especially in the efficient exploitation of information or knowledge resources through technology. Technology provides the basic tools for implementing and improving the efficiency of knowledge management activities within an enterprise. To understand the relative influence of ...
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Audit Tenure, Rotation and Accounting Conservatism: Empirical Evidences from Nigeria
Babatolu Ayorinde,
Oyewo Babajide,
Adewumi Ademola
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 6, December 2015
Pages:
328-336
Received:
12 December 2015
Accepted:
25 December 2015
Published:
4 January 2016
Abstract: Accounting regulators have, for many years, had concerns about the possible lack of Independence between auditors and their clients, which arises from a long-standing professional relationship between the two parties. The reservation stems from a widely-held belief that the risk of audit failure increases when an auditor and a client remain together for a long period of time. The possibility exists that auditors might get too familiar with their clients and in consequence loses professional scepticism and objectivity when the relationship goes on for too long. Stakeholders are therefore interested in if long-term relationship between companies and their auditors gives rise to closeness that impairs auditors’ independence and reduces quality of audit work. With these in view, an attempt was made by the research to examine the link between audit tenure, rotation, and accounting conservatism using empirical data from Nigeria. Secondary data were randomly gathered by drawing 100 observations from the published financial statements of sample companies operating in the financial and non-financial sectors. Quantitative methods such as descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple- regression analysis were used for data analyses. Findings were that; the tenure of auditor has a significant positive influence on firms accounting conservatism; the rotation of audit firms also significantly influences accounting conservatism. The study recommends the mandatory rotation of audit firms’ lead engagement partner and the review partner on an engagement for publicly listed companies, and the strict prohibition of providing non-audit services by auditors to their clients to enhance auditors’ independence and the quality of audit services.
Abstract: Accounting regulators have, for many years, had concerns about the possible lack of Independence between auditors and their clients, which arises from a long-standing professional relationship between the two parties. The reservation stems from a widely-held belief that the risk of audit failure increases when an auditor and a client remain togethe...
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