Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008)

Mousa Tawfeeq; Gerard D’Souza

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14

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Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008)

Mousa Tawfeeq, Gerard D’Souza

Published in International Journal of Business and Economics Research (Volume 4, Issue 6)

Received: 20 October 2015 Accepted: 30 October 2015 Published: 17 November 2015

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Abstract

Productivity is growing in importance in Kurdistan as it evolves into a more formal, market-based economy. The measurement of productivity and factors of production - labor and capital – are important indicators of industrial firm performance, with an increase in productivity positively affecting economic growth. This research attempts to quantify the impacts of labor & capital on industrial productivity in the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Moreover, the correspondence between a number of hypotheses and empirical findings are examined. Specifically, this research creates a protocol to enable comparison among productivity indicators in production units in industrial firms. We examine the role of capital and labor forces on productivity in industries of Kurdistan over the 1995-2008 period. The study uses the added values of output, the number of workers, and capital value on productivity. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is another indicator that is estimated in this research. The results indicate that the growth of industrial firms in Kurdistan is influenced more by labor than by capital productivity. The measurement of these effects is 0.65 and 1.42 for labor and capital, respectively. The production function exhibits increasing returns to scale. It can be concluded that labor is more significant to productivity than capital in this region. It reinforces the low level of technology in firms. Capital per worker (k=K/L) has a positive and significant effect on productivity in industrial firms of Kurdistan region.

Published in	International Journal of Business and Economics Research (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14
Page(s)	293-300
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Productivity, Labor and Capital Productivity, Total Factor Productivity (TFP), Industrial Firms in Kurdistan

References

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[9]	Diwert, W.E. (2003) on productivity measurement in the research paper "The theory of total factor productivity measurement in regulated industries" Academic press, new York.
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Mousa Tawfeeq, Gerard D’Souza. (2015). Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008). International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 4(6), 293-300. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14

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ACS Style

Mousa Tawfeeq; Gerard D’Souza. Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008). Int. J. Bus. Econ. Res. 2015, 4(6), 293-300. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14

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AMA Style

Mousa Tawfeeq, Gerard D’Souza. Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008). Int J Bus Econ Res. 2015;4(6):293-300. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14,
  author = {Mousa Tawfeeq and Gerard D’Souza},
  title = {Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008)},
  journal = {International Journal of Business and Economics Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {293-300},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijber.20150406.14},
  abstract = {Productivity is growing in importance in Kurdistan as it evolves into a more formal, market-based economy. The measurement of productivity and factors of production - labor and capital – are important indicators of industrial firm performance, with an increase in productivity positively affecting economic growth. This research attempts to quantify the impacts of labor & capital on industrial productivity in the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Moreover, the correspondence between a number of hypotheses and empirical findings are examined. Specifically, this research creates a protocol to enable comparison among productivity indicators in production units in industrial firms. We examine the role of capital and labor forces on productivity in industries of Kurdistan over the 1995-2008 period. The study uses the added values of output, the number of workers, and capital value on productivity. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is another indicator that is estimated in this research. The results indicate that the growth of industrial firms in Kurdistan is influenced more by labor than by capital productivity. The measurement of these effects is 0.65 and 1.42 for labor and capital, respectively. The production function exhibits increasing returns to scale. It can be concluded that labor is more significant to productivity than capital in this region. It reinforces the low level of technology in firms. Capital per worker (k=K/L) has a positive and significant effect on productivity in industrial firms of Kurdistan region.},
 year = {2015}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008)
AU - Mousa Tawfeeq
AU - Gerard D’Souza
Y1 - 2015/11/17
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14
DO - 10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14
T2 - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JF - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
JO - International Journal of Business and Economics Research
SP - 293
EP - 300
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2328-756X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14
AB - Productivity is growing in importance in Kurdistan as it evolves into a more formal, market-based economy. The measurement of productivity and factors of production - labor and capital – are important indicators of industrial firm performance, with an increase in productivity positively affecting economic growth. This research attempts to quantify the impacts of labor & capital on industrial productivity in the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Moreover, the correspondence between a number of hypotheses and empirical findings are examined. Specifically, this research creates a protocol to enable comparison among productivity indicators in production units in industrial firms. We examine the role of capital and labor forces on productivity in industries of Kurdistan over the 1995-2008 period. The study uses the added values of output, the number of workers, and capital value on productivity. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is another indicator that is estimated in this research. The results indicate that the growth of industrial firms in Kurdistan is influenced more by labor than by capital productivity. The measurement of these effects is 0.65 and 1.42 for labor and capital, respectively. The production function exhibits increasing returns to scale. It can be concluded that labor is more significant to productivity than capital in this region. It reinforces the low level of technology in firms. Capital per worker (k=K/L) has a positive and significant effect on productivity in industrial firms of Kurdistan region.
VL - 4
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

Mousa Tawfeeq

Natural Resource Economics, West Virginia University, West Virginia, USA
Gerard D’Souza

Agricultural & Resource Economics Program, West Virginia University, West Virginia, USA

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APA Style

Mousa Tawfeeq, Gerard D’Souza. (2015). Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008). International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 4(6), 293-300. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14

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ACS Style

Mousa Tawfeeq; Gerard D’Souza. Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008). Int. J. Bus. Econ. Res. 2015, 4(6), 293-300. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14

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AMA Style

Mousa Tawfeeq, Gerard D’Souza. Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008). Int J Bus Econ Res. 2015;4(6):293-300. doi: 10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14,
  author = {Mousa Tawfeeq and Gerard D’Souza},
  title = {Productivity of Industrial Capital and Labor, Kurdistan Region, Iraq (1995-2008)},
  journal = {International Journal of Business and Economics Research},
  volume = {4},
  number = {6},
  pages = {293-300},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20150406.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijber.20150406.14},
  abstract = {Productivity is growing in importance in Kurdistan as it evolves into a more formal, market-based economy. The measurement of productivity and factors of production - labor and capital – are important indicators of industrial firm performance, with an increase in productivity positively affecting economic growth. This research attempts to quantify the impacts of labor & capital on industrial productivity in the Kurdistan region, Iraq. Moreover, the correspondence between a number of hypotheses and empirical findings are examined. Specifically, this research creates a protocol to enable comparison among productivity indicators in production units in industrial firms. We examine the role of capital and labor forces on productivity in industries of Kurdistan over the 1995-2008 period. The study uses the added values of output, the number of workers, and capital value on productivity. Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is another indicator that is estimated in this research. The results indicate that the growth of industrial firms in Kurdistan is influenced more by labor than by capital productivity. The measurement of these effects is 0.65 and 1.42 for labor and capital, respectively. The production function exhibits increasing returns to scale. It can be concluded that labor is more significant to productivity than capital in this region. It reinforces the low level of technology in firms. Capital per worker (k=K/L) has a positive and significant effect on productivity in industrial firms of Kurdistan region.},
 year = {2015}
}

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