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From the History of Latinization in Karakalpakstan for the Years of Independence
Ametov Temirbek Almasbaevich
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
1-7
Received:
19 January 2022
Accepted:
10 February 2022
Published:
28 February 2022
Abstract: In the article, at the beginning of 1990s in Independent Uzbekistan began work on transferring the records of the population of this country to the Latin alphabet. At the end of 1993, the project of the Latin alphabet was approved. According to this Charter, the gradual transition of the new national Uzbek Alphabet began on September 1, 1995, and the tasks for its full completion were defined until 2000. In the conditions of Uzbekistan, the alphabet was approved, the spelling plan was developed, on the basis of which new textbooks and educational tools for the 1st classes of preschool institutions and schools were prepared and published. In the preparation of the Karakalpak alphabet based on Latin script in Karakalpakstan, a working group consisting of scientists, methodists, teachers was actively working in the terminology Department under the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Karakalpakstan and as a result, in February 1994 a new alphabet of Karakalpak language was approved. Also, amendments and additions were introduced to the regulations adopted in September 1994 and the alphabet consisted of 32 letters. In 1995, Uzbek and a little later Karakalpak alphabet was revised. The terminology consists of 8 specialists, the alphabet has been improved by introducing changes and additions depending on the sound of the letters of the accepted alphabet. According to the law of October 8, 2009, some letters were replaced. In order to re-examine the alphabet of Karakalpakstan based on Latin script by the Jokargy Kenges of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, the relevant commission was formed. This issue was studied by the commission and some changes were made in order to improve the Latin alphabet and spelling rules of the new spruce. In 2016, the next reform of the Karakalpak alphabet was carried out. The reform of 2009 year abolished the rules on the spelling of certain letters.
Abstract: In the article, at the beginning of 1990s in Independent Uzbekistan began work on transferring the records of the population of this country to the Latin alphabet. At the end of 1993, the project of the Latin alphabet was approved. According to this Charter, the gradual transition of the new national Uzbek Alphabet began on September 1, 1995, and t...
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Foundations of Building Democracy in the World of the Middle East and Islamic Countries "A Historical Political Analysis"
Abdellatif Abdelghani Meshref
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
8-17
Received:
26 October 2021
Accepted:
27 December 2021
Published:
4 March 2022
Abstract: In the Middle East and the Islamic world, there has been a great deal of cognitive and intellectual controversy about Islam's position on a number of issues at the global level, including its position on contemporary civilizational values; Like: (Human Rights - Freedom - Equality - Democracy, Citizenship,...), this debate has become more intense and heated with the attempt to globalize and mainstream these values; That they become universal common human values, even synonymous with progress and the adoption of these contemporary values, and that Islam, as a whole, has a position in every form and issue; What is Islam's position on these contemporary civilizational values? Is there a consensus between Islamic and contemporary values, or is there disagreement? What is the extent of this consensus or disagreement? Is there a match, or is there a contradiction, and where does the building of a democratic system that corresponds to the values and beliefs of the East begin? This is what this study is trying to answer by addressing the nature of the relationship between Islam and one of these contemporary values. Given the diversity and diversity of these values, the choice of the study is based on the value of democracy as a model. As the most prominent of these contemporary values, as well as many other contemporary ones; Like human rights, freedom and citizenship, democracy is often synonymous with the rest of these values. Indeed, democracy is often synonymous with progress. Thus, treating democracy as a contemporary civilizational value is the best choice - in our view - to determine the nature of the relationship between Islam and contemporary values, and the study has attempted to answer many of the questions that present the problem of studying this thorny topic; Like: The relationship between consultation and democracy - the relationship between the sale and the social contract - the concept of sovereignty in both systems - the concept and function of the State - the position on some of the problems raised and contemporary values; Human rights, political pluralism, the circulation of power, the separation of powers. The study also examined the cognitive perception of both Islamic and democratic systems, and concluded with a number of findings and recommendations.
Abstract: In the Middle East and the Islamic world, there has been a great deal of cognitive and intellectual controversy about Islam's position on a number of issues at the global level, including its position on contemporary civilizational values; Like: (Human Rights - Freedom - Equality - Democracy, Citizenship,...), this debate has become more intense an...
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The Plans of the Kamieniec Podolski Fortress Until 1793
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
18-38
Received:
29 November 2021
Accepted:
4 January 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: From the 15th to the 18th century Kamieniec Podolski was one of the most important fortresses, not only of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (it constituted a key location for the defense of its southern border) but also of entire Central Europe. The fortress repelled the invaders' attacks many times. Its international fame increased in the period of fights between the Holy League, and the Ottoman Empire. Holy League was composed of the Holy Roman Empire, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Venice and Russia after the battle of Vienna in 1863 r. This is confirmed by the printed publishing of twenty-four different plans of this fortress and twelve different figures in the second half of the 17th century and in the first half of the 18th century. The collection of manuscript plans is equally extensive. Until 1793, i.e. until the fortress was taken over by the Russian Empire, at least 46 of them were created. The majority of the preserved cartographic monuments come from the 18th century and are kept not only in Polish libraries and archives, but also in Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Dresden, Berlin, Vienna, Paris and even the distant London and Madrid. The present article presents the state of current knowledge regarding the cartography of the Kamieniec Podolski fortress.
Abstract: From the 15th to the 18th century Kamieniec Podolski was one of the most important fortresses, not only of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (it constituted a key location for the defense of its southern border) but also of entire Central Europe. The fortress repelled the invaders' attacks many times. Its international fame increased in the period...
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Evaluation of Agricultural Economic Transformation in Ha Dong District, Hanoi City, Vietnam in the Period 1986-2018
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
39-44
Received:
15 March 2022
Accepted:
8 April 2022
Published:
20 April 2022
Abstract: In the period of 1986 and 2008, the agricultural economic structure had many changes in production area, plants and animals, position of industries, sectors and regions in Ha Dong District. The scale of agricultural land shifted drastically and reached 959.50 ha, 817.04 ha, 2,803.30 ha and 2,570 ha in 1986, 2002, 2006 and 2008, respectively. The number of agricultural laborers increased from 6,079 to 12,917; 28,280; 36,068 and 36,551 corresponding to 2002, 2003, 2006 and 2008, respectively. The size of the average farming area per farmer decreased gradually from 1,578m2 to 685m2 between 1986 and 2008. Rice was the main crop in agriculture sector, followed by potato, corn, soybean and vegetables. Moreover, the value of crop production increased gradually from 827 million VND (in 1986) to 49,598 million VND (in 2004) and 96,568 million VND (in 2008). Large numbers of livestock and poultry production have gradually shifted from rudimentary households to well-planned private farms in the suburbs with the application of new production techniques. The aquaculture sector had expanded from 35 ha in 1986 to 173.73 ha in 2008. In general, Ha Dong District had initially succeeded in transforming the agricultural economic structure in the direction of reducing the proportion of the cropping sector while increasing the proportion of livestock, poultry, aquaculture and services. The economic components of private and mixed components with farm models, joint stock companies, and limited companies had developed with an increase in the number of establishments from 5 to 51 between 2000 and 2008. The economic proportion of region 2 was approximately equal to region 1 and region 3 combined in Ha Dong District.
Abstract: In the period of 1986 and 2008, the agricultural economic structure had many changes in production area, plants and animals, position of industries, sectors and regions in Ha Dong District. The scale of agricultural land shifted drastically and reached 959.50 ha, 817.04 ha, 2,803.30 ha and 2,570 ha in 1986, 2002, 2006 and 2008, respectively. The nu...
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Social Systems in the Dynamics of Development of the Agricultural Community of La Concordia - Ecuador
Manuel Alejandro Bonilla Bonilla,
Evelyn Eugenia Alcivar Soria,
Alberto Efrain Prado Chinga,
Betty Maribel Quinonez Cabeza
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
45-53
Received:
3 March 2022
Accepted:
11 April 2022
Published:
25 April 2022
Abstract: This paper discusses the social macro-system that existed during the development of the Ecuadorian community of La Concordia during the twentieth century. It implements theoretical models that allow the analysis of the relevant social systems that were behind the rapid demographic and economic growth of the community of La Concordia, which, during the 20th century, went from being an isolated and inaccessible agricultural and rural town to an autonomous urban center and an important agro-industrial production hub. The research defines and uses concepts developed within cultural anthropology and systems theory to explain the state and configuration of the social micro-systems that ended up shaping the community of La Concordia as a social macro-system. The study establishes a diagnosis of the 3 most important social micro-systems for the historical configuration of the social macro-system: Migration, Colonization Dynamics, Corporatism. The study of the dynamics of interaction of the 3 micro-systems results in a social economic panorama that favors development, which is particularly associated with: 1) The relative economic uniformity of a large part of the economically active social layer in the primary and tertiary sectors, which is, for the most part, young. 2) The mobility in the social field and in the labor market, which allows the generation, adaptation and development of economic sectors that respond to population needs and productive potentialities generated in the social dynamics. Mobility is favored by and at the same time enhances the entrepreneurial attitude of the young economically active population. The social dynamics occurring in La Concordia yields a set of potentialities for development that are associated with each of the 3 social micro-systems described in the study.
Abstract: This paper discusses the social macro-system that existed during the development of the Ecuadorian community of La Concordia during the twentieth century. It implements theoretical models that allow the analysis of the relevant social systems that were behind the rapid demographic and economic growth of the community of La Concordia, which, during ...
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Promoting Cultural Heritage Through Diverse Digital Marketing Channels
Souzan Ibrahim Hassanein Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
54-58
Received:
22 February 2022
Accepted:
17 March 2022
Published:
19 May 2022
Abstract: The digital marketing of heritage has many different areas of focus around the globe since its beginning in the 1960’s. Among the objectives of this paper is to analyze digital technologies platforms’ role in branding cultural heritage as a unique potential with low cost and ability for further spread. These technologies removed many barriers of marketing cultural heritage, which in turn give more opportunities and ideas towards better heritage branding through the various electronic media channels. The following pages of this article examine how historical assets can effectively use social and digital media in this concern and what are the best practices when using social media in promoting these assets along with some tips that sustain their improvement. The various social media platforms are used to communicate wider with the community who most of the time preferred using Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat as four main social media platforms due to their effectiveness in engaging and attracting them, along with their ability in the marketing of numerous events, programs and exhibits. This research is determining what the marketing rules of cultural heritage are in the digital age which in turn should lead the marketers to up-to-date the online marketing strategies in order to fulfill audiences’ perspectives like the importance of selecting the targeted segments and creating appropriate virtual communities with common interests.
Abstract: The digital marketing of heritage has many different areas of focus around the globe since its beginning in the 1960’s. Among the objectives of this paper is to analyze digital technologies platforms’ role in branding cultural heritage as a unique potential with low cost and ability for further spread. These technologies removed many barriers of ma...
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Pompeii as a Dark Tourism Site: The Frozen City
Shaimaa Mohamed Naguib Mostafa,
Souzan Ibrahim Hassanein Ibrahim
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
59-69
Received:
28 April 2022
Accepted:
20 May 2022
Published:
8 June 2022
Abstract: Dark heritage concept becomes more popular during the last years than before especially in the field of heritage studies. This widespread encouraged what is known as dark tourism. As it is going to be discussed in this paper, the dark heritage or tourism concept include any destruction, catastrophe, and death cases. Travelling for the purpose of seeing dead or death sites become very popular and carry a special type of interest. As seen in our presented case study, Pompeii is an attractive destroyed city which catches the attention of thousands of visitors who eager to travel to see the life in this site as it was. The site of Pompeii is a unique site in its components and catastrophic and sudden destroy by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A. D. This in turn makes this site very remarkable and important dark heritage tourism site along with its importance to the scholars due to its richness that reflected the lifestyle of the ancient Romans. Among the aims of this study is to discuss the concept of dark heritage and tourism and its importance to the recent tourism programs and heritage studies shedding the light on the site of Pompeii as very successful and important model for dark tourism in Italy.
Abstract: Dark heritage concept becomes more popular during the last years than before especially in the field of heritage studies. This widespread encouraged what is known as dark tourism. As it is going to be discussed in this paper, the dark heritage or tourism concept include any destruction, catastrophe, and death cases. Travelling for the purpose of se...
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“Medieval” Islands on the Amazonian Coast: Medieval Remains in the Amazonian Popular Culture and Culturally Interlarded Myths
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, June 2022
Pages:
70-77
Received:
10 June 2022
Accepted:
24 June 2022
Published:
30 June 2022
Abstract: In which sense could we possibly catch a glimpse of “Medieval Islands” on the Amazonian coast? This paper aims at unravelling and explaining how some old medieval Portuguese mythical matter and mythemes do still exist and thrive in terms of popular culture on the “Island of Maranhão”, i.e. Upaon Açu or the “Isle of São Luís” until the present time, in comparison to some mythical elements to be found on the Island of Marajó, in Pará. Both Pará and Maranhão are Amazonian federal states of Brazil and this paper emphasizes the historical permanence of medieval mythemes, of course combined with other very complex and cross-cultural heritages pertaining to nowaday population of Maranhão, to which the Island of Marajó shall be a term of historical and archaeological comparison. We expect to arouse scholars’ interest to our subject in a Global History perspective, which takes into account the links and unexpected cultural traits of Middle Ages still thriving in Brazilian popular culture as the upshot of a long-term and complex cross-cultural process that has been taking place in American countries since the late 15th. century. Little attention has been paid to the role of medieval mythemes along this complex process and I should like to endeavour to fill this historiographic gap by proposing the present paper. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to highlight and discuss the evidence of a medieval past transposed to the Portuguese Amazon, whose legacy is up to our days a very plentiful popular culture in terms of medieval references, such as the phantom barks and “Mothers of Creeks”, as we pimpoint along the text. This essay is keen to address this polemic topic by drawing on some authors and theorists who, in our view, must be brought back to the proscenium of scientific discussion concerning Social Sciences. The first and main one is Luís da Câmara Cascudo, a major folklorist and researcher whom we should like to introduce to international academic readers. Hence, this little essay aims at wreaking new academic discussion on the formation and colonization of the Amazon in cross-cultural terms.
Abstract: In which sense could we possibly catch a glimpse of “Medieval Islands” on the Amazonian coast? This paper aims at unravelling and explaining how some old medieval Portuguese mythical matter and mythemes do still exist and thrive in terms of popular culture on the “Island of Maranhão”, i.e. Upaon Açu or the “Isle of São Luís” until the present time,...
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