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Seymour Cray: The Father of World Supercomputer
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
1-6
Received:
14 May 2019
Accepted:
13 June 2019
Published:
26 June 2019
Abstract: Seymour R. Cray was an American engineer and supercomputer developer who designed a series of the fastest computers in the world in 1960-1980s. The difference between Cray and most other corporate engineers is that he often won those business battles. His success was attributable to his existence in a postwar culture where engineers were valued. He was able to also part of an extraordinary industry where revolutionary developments were encouraged, and even necessary. Lastly Cray is recognized as "the father of world supercomputer". From the perspective of science and technology history, this paper describes the history of Cray and his development of supercomputer. It also sums up his innovative ideas and scientific spirit. It provides a reference for supercomputer enthusiasts and peers in the history of computer research.
Abstract: Seymour R. Cray was an American engineer and supercomputer developer who designed a series of the fastest computers in the world in 1960-1980s. The difference between Cray and most other corporate engineers is that he often won those business battles. His success was attributable to his existence in a postwar culture where engineers were valued. He...
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A Transnational Perspective of Emma Goldman’s Evolution as an Anarcha-Feminist
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
7-16
Received:
21 June 2019
Accepted:
18 July 2019
Published:
13 August 2019
Abstract: One of the foremost American anarchists of the early twentieth century was Emma Goldman who fought for the rights of working-class men and women. Upon her arrival in the US from the Lithuanian region of the Tsarist Russian Empire, she immediately became actively involved in the American Anarchist Movement. Initially she professed and involved herself in the violent overthrow of the government and its institutions and the selective assassination of exploitative leaders in industry and government. After her imprisonment, she found another avenue for her anarchical beliefs in the form of women’s issues that included freedom of choice in marriage, and control over decision-making relative to her own body – issues that resonate today. This article, then, analyses her concentrated fight for women egalitarianism that has been described as the first vestiges of Anarcha-feminism. It is argued that her evolution towards feminist causes can be explained via three “Geo-moments” that was used to illustrate how her political beliefs progressed from Russian Nihilism, to violent Anarchism, and finally to Anarcha-feminism. The three Geo-moments employed in this study were: first, her experiences as a young Nihilist under Tsarist Russian rule; second, her arrival in the United States and introduction to American Anarchism; and lastly, her medical training as a nurse at the University of Vienna that gave rise to her views of feminism. As an Anarcha-feminist, she addressed and fought for women’s rights to use birth control to decide how many children they wanted and fought against the female discriminatory aspects of the Comstock Law. In connection to her newly acquired medical education, Goldman has been identified as one of the initial supporters of the LGBT community, their issues and acceptance into society. Lastly, was her founding the founding of the periodical Mother Earth that served as a platform for her fight for female equality.
Abstract: One of the foremost American anarchists of the early twentieth century was Emma Goldman who fought for the rights of working-class men and women. Upon her arrival in the US from the Lithuanian region of the Tsarist Russian Empire, she immediately became actively involved in the American Anarchist Movement. Initially she professed and involved herse...
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Pilgrims and Pilgrimages in the Critique of Enlightenment – A Case Study
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
17-26
Received:
17 March 2019
Accepted:
12 August 2019
Published:
5 September 2019
Abstract: The exploration of pilgrimage, of pilgrims’ distances, destinations and christian worship have for a long time been studied by historians, theologians and ethnologists. Modern authors and recent books say, pilgrimage is a field for permanent investigation. Illustrated calendars on pilgrimage, printed in the catholic “Weltbild” Publishing House, promise almost everything for good to motivate believers to go on pilgrimage. Research in pilgrimage concentrated on early periods and high times of worshipping and Christianity. The criticism of the 18th and 19th century was only sparely reflected. In contrast to the mainstream we concentrate on this critical period. The reason why pilgrims have been criticized since that time has to do with the contemporary legislation, the benevolent “Policey”. Courts accused people of being lazy, work-shy and inward-looking. Quarrels turned around beer drinkers and alehouses next to churches and cemeteries. Last but not least employers and entrepreneurs said, there is a harmful overflow of church festivals und pilgrim-worshippings. They will ruin our economy!
Abstract: The exploration of pilgrimage, of pilgrims’ distances, destinations and christian worship have for a long time been studied by historians, theologians and ethnologists. Modern authors and recent books say, pilgrimage is a field for permanent investigation. Illustrated calendars on pilgrimage, printed in the catholic “Weltbild” Publishing House, pro...
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