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Experimental Study on the Produce of Air Negative Ions from Liquid Water Evaporation
Peimin Pu,
Jiangping Pu,
Zhengbin Zhu
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
13-21
Received:
23 February 2022
Accepted:
21 March 2022
Published:
29 March 2022
Abstract: It was revealed that liquid water surfaces, including water drop’s surface might generate Negative Water Ions/molecules to air with probability of (1/11)8 among the water surface molecules by the author’s previous paper. Three experiments by spraying water from shower nozzle had been performed on a bathtub covered by soft plastic film with thickness of 10 mm during Aug.-Sep. 2019. The densities of negative ion (DNI) and the atmospheric parameters had been recorded. The experimental results showed that DNI increased immediately after spraying waters in orders with big variations. High DNI up to -190000 ion/cm3 were recorded under spraying water temperatures about 45°C. The sliding averaged (for 10 instant values) DNI were direct proportion to differences of saturated vapor pressure of spraying water and air vapor pressure, and increasing of relative humidity (under constant air temperature). The liquid water drops become positively charged after evaporation with negative ions. After stopping water spray DNI might keep at high level in a short time interval, then decrease gradually with vibrations by processes of mixing and water phase exchange in a cloud-fog system with -/+ air ions. These experiments proved that neutral liquid water drops may generate air negative water ions/molecules by evaporation and positive charged water drops.
Abstract: It was revealed that liquid water surfaces, including water drop’s surface might generate Negative Water Ions/molecules to air with probability of (1/11)8 among the water surface molecules by the author’s previous paper. Three experiments by spraying water from shower nozzle had been performed on a bathtub covered by soft plastic film with thicknes...
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Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device
Odaba Alphaeus,
Alan Audu Ngyarmunta,
Ohemu Monday Fredrick
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
22-31
Received:
1 April 2019
Accepted:
15 December 2021
Published:
9 April 2022
Abstract: There are several ways of contactless distance measurements. This research work made use of the principle of ultrasonic distance measurements and calculations as well as tracking of dynamic object by the techniques of distance comparison. When an electrical pulse of high voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer it vibrates across a specific spectrum of frequencies and generates a burst of sound waves. Each time any obstacle comes ahead of the ultrasonic sensor, the sound waves will reflect in the form of echo and generates an electric pulse. The time taken between sending sound waves and receiving the echo was calculated and the patterns of echo were compared with the patterns of sound waves to determine the detected signals condition. The device consists of two HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors that sweep continuously through 1800 to detect and track object based on developed and installed codes in the Arduino Uno microcontroller and displays the range and angular position using Processing 3 Software on a computer screen display. The envisaged minimum and maximum range of object detections is 2cm and 39cm respectively using processed signal. However, the measured distance is from 5cm to 35cm and the corresponding calculated distances using waveforms from an oscilloscope were 6.8cm and 47.6cm. The discrepancies were attributable to the 0.2ms rise time of the trigger signals. The device was capable of tracking only relatively slow-moving objects and can be applicable in robotic vision, automatic guided vehicles, security surveillance, automobile anti-collision system and precision contactless measurements.
Abstract: There are several ways of contactless distance measurements. This research work made use of the principle of ultrasonic distance measurements and calculations as well as tracking of dynamic object by the techniques of distance comparison. When an electrical pulse of high voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer it vibrates across a specific ...
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Tight-Binding Superconducting Phases in the Unconventional Compounds Strontium-Substituted Lanthanum Cuprate and Strontium Ruthenate
Pedro Contreras,
Dianela Osorio,
Eugeniy Yurievich Beliayev
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
32-38
Received:
30 March 2022
Accepted:
14 April 2022
Published:
20 April 2022
Abstract: We use the idea of the Wigner probability distribution (WPD) in a reduced scattering phase space (RPS) for the elastic scattering cross-section, with the help of a Tight-Binding (TB) numerical procedure allowing us to consider the anisotropic quantum effects, to phenomenologically predict several phases in these two novel unconventional superconductors. Unlike our previous works with pieces of evidences that these two compounds are in the unitary strong scattering regime and that superconductivity is suppressed by the atoms of strontium in both materials, several phases are built. In the case of the strontium-substituted lanthanum cuprate, it was found three phases from one family of Wigner probabilistic distributions, one corresponding to the antiferromagnetic compound La2CuO4 another one which consists of a coalescing metallic phase for very lightly doped La2-xSrxCuO4, and finally a strong self-consistent dependent strange metal phase with optimal levels of doping. In the case of a triplet superconductor strontium ruthenate, three phases can be differentiated from two families of Wigner distribution probabilities, one family of WDP with point nodes where Cooper pairs and dressed scattered normal quasiparticles are mixed for the whole range of frequencies and which correspond to a FS γ-flat-sheet in the ground metallic state, and two phases from another WPD family, where, in one of then, the Miyake-Narikiyo quasinodal tiny gap model allows the unique presence of Cooper pairs in a tiny interval of frequencies near the superconducting transition TC, the other phase corresponds to the mixed phase with Cooper pairs and dressed by stoichiometric strontium non-magnetic atoms, where strong self-consistent effects are noticeable. This approach allows comparing experimental results for samples in both compounds with numerical analysis studies.
Abstract: We use the idea of the Wigner probability distribution (WPD) in a reduced scattering phase space (RPS) for the elastic scattering cross-section, with the help of a Tight-Binding (TB) numerical procedure allowing us to consider the anisotropic quantum effects, to phenomenologically predict several phases in these two novel unconventional superconduc...
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Constant Specific Heat Approximation in Multifractal Thermodynamics in Multiparticle Production in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Arshad Kamal,
Mohammad Mohisin Khan
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
39-45
Received:
13 February 2022
Accepted:
29 March 2022
Published:
20 April 2022
Abstract: The study of specific heat is motivated by the fact that a sudden change in the value of specific heat might be interpreted as a signal of a phase transition. It is also an established fact that multifractal analysis has been proved to be highly effective in characterizing fluctuations which is considered to be important tool for understanding the mechanism of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in high energy nucleus-nucleus collisions. The Present research work provides some fascinating investigations on multifractal specific heat, c using the concept of entropy, fq which is found as a potential procedure in the study of multifractal specific heat along with the earlier known approaches. The investigations are done for the produced shower particles in nuclear emulsion detector for 28Si-nucleus interactions at 14.5 A GeV/c in the framework of generalized dimension. An attempt is also made to discuss certain universal properties of multifractal specific heat and entropy. We have computed c, by applying the methodology of modified and Takagi moments (Tq). Experimental results are compared with the predictions of LUND model FRITIOF. Moreover, the constant-specific heat method, which is based on the concept of entropy and is commonly accepted in conventional thermodynamics, is demonstrated to be suitable in multifractal thermodynamics also. The values of ‘c’ calculated from these methods are compared with constant specific heat approximations (CSHs) obtained using multifractal entropy (fq). It is found that the values of ‘c’, estimated using Takagi approach are consistent with those of Bershadskii's work as compared to those calculated using (Gam) moments and multifractal entropy, fq. This is obtained for both experimental and for the FRITIOF generated data for the three types of interactions namely, CNO, emulsion and AgBr. The findings of this paper reveal useful information regarding the choice of method used and our results are consistent with CSH approximation for both experimental and simulated data and also in conjunction with recent studies on multifractal specific heat.
Abstract: The study of specific heat is motivated by the fact that a sudden change in the value of specific heat might be interpreted as a signal of a phase transition. It is also an established fact that multifractal analysis has been proved to be highly effective in characterizing fluctuations which is considered to be important tool for understanding the ...
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Superluminality and Finite Potential Light-Barrier Crossing
Tom George Manfred de la Rue Gerlitz
Issue:
Volume 11, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
46-51
Received:
20 June 2021
Accepted:
15 December 2021
Published:
20 April 2022
Abstract: Superluminal movements are subject of discussion since many decades. The present work investigates how an electrical charged real matter particle can traverse the energy barrier at the speed of light in vacuum. Here, parity reflexion takes place with respect to space, time, and mass. It is postulated this traversal can occur by a jump-over supported by electrical attraction between the subluminal particle and its virtual superluminal co-particle producing an electrical field opposite in sign. The jump over the light barrier implies a zero in time and here the particle becomes undetectable in position and mass. The result of the calculation shows two exclusive speeds where light-barrier crossing can occur from a sub- to a superluminal state or reverse. This leads to three different kinds of objects, where the first is denoted a subluminal mono-particle Bradyon, the second a superluminal mono-particle Tachyon, and the third a luminal twin Luxon consisting of two parts absolutely complementary in their states alternating between the both speeds, those touch the light-barrier, and traveling with an average of light-speed. A relation between the distance of a subluminal particle to its superluminal co-particle and the wave-length of the system can be manifested. The constant in speed of light is discussed.
Abstract: Superluminal movements are subject of discussion since many decades. The present work investigates how an electrical charged real matter particle can traverse the energy barrier at the speed of light in vacuum. Here, parity reflexion takes place with respect to space, time, and mass. It is postulated this traversal can occur by a jump-over supporte...
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