Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device

Odaba Alphaeus; Alan Audu Ngyarmunta; Ohemu Monday Fredrick

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12

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Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device

Odaba Alphaeus, Alan Audu Ngyarmunta, Ohemu Monday Fredrick

Published in American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 11, Issue 2)

Received: 1 April 2019 Accepted: 15 December 2021 Published: 9 April 2022

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Abstract

There are several ways of contactless distance measurements. This research work made use of the principle of ultrasonic distance measurements and calculations as well as tracking of dynamic object by the techniques of distance comparison. When an electrical pulse of high voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer it vibrates across a specific spectrum of frequencies and generates a burst of sound waves. Each time any obstacle comes ahead of the ultrasonic sensor, the sound waves will reflect in the form of echo and generates an electric pulse. The time taken between sending sound waves and receiving the echo was calculated and the patterns of echo were compared with the patterns of sound waves to determine the detected signals condition. The device consists of two HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors that sweep continuously through 1800 to detect and track object based on developed and installed codes in the Arduino Uno microcontroller and displays the range and angular position using Processing 3 Software on a computer screen display. The envisaged minimum and maximum range of object detections is 2cm and 39cm respectively using processed signal. However, the measured distance is from 5cm to 35cm and the corresponding calculated distances using waveforms from an oscilloscope were 6.8cm and 47.6cm. The discrepancies were attributable to the 0.2ms rise time of the trigger signals. The device was capable of tracking only relatively slow-moving objects and can be applicable in robotic vision, automatic guided vehicles, security surveillance, automobile anti-collision system and precision contactless measurements.

Published in	American Journal of Modern Physics (Volume 11, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12
Page(s)	22-31
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ultrasonic, Ranging, Tracking, Detection, Servo-Control, Frequencies, Surveillance, Sensors

References

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[4]	Muller, R. (2004). "A numerical study of the role of the tragus in the big brown bat". JASA. 116 (6): 3701–3712. Bibcode: 2004ASAJ..116.3701M. doi: 10.1121/1.181513. Accessed January 16, 2018.
[5]	What is Piezoelectric effect? By Carmen Emily Yang; http://www.electronicdesign.com/power/whatpiezoelectric-effect, Accessed January 16, 2018.
[6]	The Radar Technology behind Autonomous Vehicles by Paul Pickering; http://www.design-technology.info/inventors/page28.htm, Accessed January 16, 2018.
[7]	About Ultrasonic, Migatron Corp. www.migatron/ understanding ultrasonic technology/ accessed 24 April, 2018.
[8]	L. P. Palma: Ultrasonic Distance Measurer, Freescale Semiconductor, application note, (2008).
[9]	Mohammed Elmontasir Ibraheem Suliman, “Ultrasonic Range Meter” www.khartoumspace.uofk.edu. Accessed January 16, 2018.
[10]	Basics of Microcontrollers by Vysakh. www.circuitstoday.com /accessed 24 April, 2018.
[11]	An Introduction to Processing and Music Visualization, by Christopher Pramerdorfer; Processing, 2010. Theoretical processing website. http://processing.org/; accessed 24 May, 2018.
[12]	Gonzalo Rodr´ıguez-Canosa et al, “A Real-Time Method to Detect and Track Moving Object From Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using a Single Camera”; www.ijrat.org. Accessed January 16, 2018.
[13]	Deshmukh Gourav et al “Ultrasonic Radar For Object Detection, Distance And Speed Measurement”; www.mdpi.com/journal/sensors 2014, 14, 2911-2943; doi: 10.3390/s140202911.
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[15]	Dai Juan et al, “Ultrasonic Automatic Tracking System”, TELKOMNIKA Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering Vol. 12, No. 6, June 2014, pp. 4664 ~ 4670 DOI: 10.11591/telkomnika.v12i6.5449.
[16]	Srijan Dubey et al. “Implementation Of Radar Using Ultrasonic Sensor.” Indian J.Sci.Res. 14 (2): 482-485, 2017; ISSN: 2250-0138 (Online). Accessed March 14, 2018.

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APA Style

Odaba Alphaeus, Alan Audu Ngyarmunta, Ohemu Monday Fredrick. (2022). Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device. American Journal of Modern Physics, 11(2), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12

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ACS Style

Odaba Alphaeus; Alan Audu Ngyarmunta; Ohemu Monday Fredrick. Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2022, 11(2), 22-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12

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AMA Style

Odaba Alphaeus, Alan Audu Ngyarmunta, Ohemu Monday Fredrick. Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device. Am J Mod Phys. 2022;11(2):22-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12,
  author = {Odaba Alphaeus and Alan Audu Ngyarmunta and Ohemu Monday Fredrick},
  title = {Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20221102.12},
  abstract = {There are several ways of contactless distance measurements. This research work made use of the principle of ultrasonic distance measurements and calculations as well as tracking of dynamic object by the techniques of distance comparison. When an electrical pulse of high voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer it vibrates across a specific spectrum of frequencies and generates a burst of sound waves. Each time any obstacle comes ahead of the ultrasonic sensor, the sound waves will reflect in the form of echo and generates an electric pulse. The time taken between sending sound waves and receiving the echo was calculated and the patterns of echo were compared with the patterns of sound waves to determine the detected signals condition. The device consists of two HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors that sweep continuously through 1800 to detect and track object based on developed and installed codes in the Arduino Uno microcontroller and displays the range and angular position using Processing 3 Software on a computer screen display. The envisaged minimum and maximum range of object detections is 2cm and 39cm respectively using processed signal. However, the measured distance is from 5cm to 35cm and the corresponding calculated distances using waveforms from an oscilloscope were 6.8cm and 47.6cm. The discrepancies were attributable to the 0.2ms rise time of the trigger signals. The device was capable of tracking only relatively slow-moving objects and can be applicable in robotic vision, automatic guided vehicles, security surveillance, automobile anti-collision system and precision contactless measurements.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device
AU  - Odaba Alphaeus
AU  - Alan Audu Ngyarmunta
AU  - Ohemu Monday Fredrick
Y1  - 2022/04/09
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 22
EP  - 31
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12
AB  - There are several ways of contactless distance measurements. This research work made use of the principle of ultrasonic distance measurements and calculations as well as tracking of dynamic object by the techniques of distance comparison. When an electrical pulse of high voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer it vibrates across a specific spectrum of frequencies and generates a burst of sound waves. Each time any obstacle comes ahead of the ultrasonic sensor, the sound waves will reflect in the form of echo and generates an electric pulse. The time taken between sending sound waves and receiving the echo was calculated and the patterns of echo were compared with the patterns of sound waves to determine the detected signals condition. The device consists of two HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors that sweep continuously through 1800 to detect and track object based on developed and installed codes in the Arduino Uno microcontroller and displays the range and angular position using Processing 3 Software on a computer screen display. The envisaged minimum and maximum range of object detections is 2cm and 39cm respectively using processed signal. However, the measured distance is from 5cm to 35cm and the corresponding calculated distances using waveforms from an oscilloscope were 6.8cm and 47.6cm. The discrepancies were attributable to the 0.2ms rise time of the trigger signals. The device was capable of tracking only relatively slow-moving objects and can be applicable in robotic vision, automatic guided vehicles, security surveillance, automobile anti-collision system and precision contactless measurements.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Odaba Alphaeus

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology Kaduna, Kaduna, Nigeria
Alan Audu Ngyarmunta

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology Kaduna, Kaduna, Nigeria
Ohemu Monday Fredrick

Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology Kaduna, Kaduna, Nigeria

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APA Style

Odaba Alphaeus, Alan Audu Ngyarmunta, Ohemu Monday Fredrick. (2022). Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device. American Journal of Modern Physics, 11(2), 22-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12

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ACS Style

Odaba Alphaeus; Alan Audu Ngyarmunta; Ohemu Monday Fredrick. Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device. Am. J. Mod. Phys. 2022, 11(2), 22-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12

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AMA Style

Odaba Alphaeus, Alan Audu Ngyarmunta, Ohemu Monday Fredrick. Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device. Am J Mod Phys. 2022;11(2):22-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12,
  author = {Odaba Alphaeus and Alan Audu Ngyarmunta and Ohemu Monday Fredrick},
  title = {Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device},
  journal = {American Journal of Modern Physics},
  volume = {11},
  number = {2},
  pages = {22-31},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajmp.20221102.12},
  abstract = {There are several ways of contactless distance measurements. This research work made use of the principle of ultrasonic distance measurements and calculations as well as tracking of dynamic object by the techniques of distance comparison. When an electrical pulse of high voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer it vibrates across a specific spectrum of frequencies and generates a burst of sound waves. Each time any obstacle comes ahead of the ultrasonic sensor, the sound waves will reflect in the form of echo and generates an electric pulse. The time taken between sending sound waves and receiving the echo was calculated and the patterns of echo were compared with the patterns of sound waves to determine the detected signals condition. The device consists of two HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors that sweep continuously through 1800 to detect and track object based on developed and installed codes in the Arduino Uno microcontroller and displays the range and angular position using Processing 3 Software on a computer screen display. The envisaged minimum and maximum range of object detections is 2cm and 39cm respectively using processed signal. However, the measured distance is from 5cm to 35cm and the corresponding calculated distances using waveforms from an oscilloscope were 6.8cm and 47.6cm. The discrepancies were attributable to the 0.2ms rise time of the trigger signals. The device was capable of tracking only relatively slow-moving objects and can be applicable in robotic vision, automatic guided vehicles, security surveillance, automobile anti-collision system and precision contactless measurements.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Development and Realization of an Ultrasonic Ranging Detection and Tracking Device
AU  - Odaba Alphaeus
AU  - Alan Audu Ngyarmunta
AU  - Ohemu Monday Fredrick
Y1  - 2022/04/09
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12
T2  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JF  - American Journal of Modern Physics
JO  - American Journal of Modern Physics
SP  - 22
EP  - 31
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2326-8891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajmp.20221102.12
AB  - There are several ways of contactless distance measurements. This research work made use of the principle of ultrasonic distance measurements and calculations as well as tracking of dynamic object by the techniques of distance comparison. When an electrical pulse of high voltage is applied to the ultrasonic transducer it vibrates across a specific spectrum of frequencies and generates a burst of sound waves. Each time any obstacle comes ahead of the ultrasonic sensor, the sound waves will reflect in the form of echo and generates an electric pulse. The time taken between sending sound waves and receiving the echo was calculated and the patterns of echo were compared with the patterns of sound waves to determine the detected signals condition. The device consists of two HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensors that sweep continuously through 1800 to detect and track object based on developed and installed codes in the Arduino Uno microcontroller and displays the range and angular position using Processing 3 Software on a computer screen display. The envisaged minimum and maximum range of object detections is 2cm and 39cm respectively using processed signal. However, the measured distance is from 5cm to 35cm and the corresponding calculated distances using waveforms from an oscilloscope were 6.8cm and 47.6cm. The discrepancies were attributable to the 0.2ms rise time of the trigger signals. The device was capable of tracking only relatively slow-moving objects and can be applicable in robotic vision, automatic guided vehicles, security surveillance, automobile anti-collision system and precision contactless measurements.
VL  - 11
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download