Coffee Berry Borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae): A Challenging Coffee Productions and Future Prospects
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
39-46
Received:
9 July 2021
Accepted:
19 July 2021
Published:
24 July 2021
Abstract: Coffee is the major commodity legally traded in the world from agricultural productions. Even though, it’s economically important, its production and productivity is challenged by many factors, of which insect pests are the major. Among insect pests, coffee berry borer is the most challenging insect pest of coffee throughout the globe. It is the most important biotic constraints for commercial coffee production worldwide and major concern in eastern Africa. The infestations start when the adult females bore the berry and deposit eggs inside it. Hatched larvae start to feed on the inside the berry, which leads the reduction of yield and quality of the marketable product. On the other hand, almost all the lifecycle of the insect carried out inside the coffee berry and its cryptic nature, making it diffcult to control. Additionally, global warming is particularly important for coffee because of its influence on occurrence of pests which often diminish production and quality of coffee. Increasing infestation of coffee berry borer and their management have significantly constrained economical production of coffee. The infestation of the pest is highly influenced by altitude, coffee production system, agroforestry practices, shade intensity levels and the natural enemies’ diversity and populations. Many management options like cultural, insecticides, microbial and traps showed promising results under field conditions. But, using these options solely is unsustainable and ineffective for long term solutions. Then development of integrated management option for coffee berry borer is an issue in the future. And the compatibility of the promised options along with their application sequence also needs focus. The paper reviewed and identifies the research efforts should focus to increase the successfully developing an effective coffee berry borer management methods.
Abstract: Coffee is the major commodity legally traded in the world from agricultural productions. Even though, it’s economically important, its production and productivity is challenged by many factors, of which insect pests are the major. Among insect pests, coffee berry borer is the most challenging insect pest of coffee throughout the globe. It is the mo...
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White Mango Scale: A Threat to Mango Production in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
47-50
Received:
5 July 2021
Accepted:
22 July 2021
Published:
29 July 2021
Abstract: There are different species of insects and diseases that contribute to low yield of mango tree throughout its stages of development. Fruit flies, red-banded thrips, mango tip borer, scales, seed weevil, anthracnose, bacterial black spot and powdery mildew are some of the biotic constraints for mango production. This review was intended to collect research works on white mango scale with special focus on research works done in Ethiopia. Different findings of research works on the insect were carefully studied. The scale insect, white mango scale Aulacaspis tubercularis, is agriculturally important scale insect of mango tree. Taxonomically, the insect is a sucking scale insect found in order Hemiptera. White mango scale has different scientific names with its preferred scientific name Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead and common English name white mango scale. The insect was recorded in Ethiopia for the first time in 2010 in western part of the country since which it fastly spread locally within the country. Economically, reports indicate that the white mango scale can cause total rejection of mango fruit. Even though biological, cultural and chemical management options exist, quarantine is the best management option existed so far limiting the distribution of the insect. The research works indicate that many of the existing management options for white mango scale are spraying insecticides with few integrated pest management options. Quarantining the insect is the management method recommended in many cases. With the current status of the insect, mango farm in Ethiopia will be out of production due to this insect unless the insect is managed. Generally, the current reports revealed that mango production in Ethiopia will be under serious threat which can even destroy total mango production in the future.
Abstract: There are different species of insects and diseases that contribute to low yield of mango tree throughout its stages of development. Fruit flies, red-banded thrips, mango tip borer, scales, seed weevil, anthracnose, bacterial black spot and powdery mildew are some of the biotic constraints for mango production. This review was intended to collect r...
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Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Solanum tuberosum L. 1753 (Solanaceae) in Balessing (West-Cameroon)
Babell Ngamaleu-Siewe,
Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem,
Jeanne Agrippine Yetchom-Fondjo,
Basile Moumite Mohamed,
Junior Tsekane Sedick,
Edith Laure Kenne,
Biawa-Miric Kagmegni,
Patrick Steve Tuekam Kowa,
Romaine Magloire Fantio,
Abdel Kayoum Yomon,
Martin Kenne
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
51-69
Received:
14 July 2021
Accepted:
3 August 2021
Published:
11 August 2021
Abstract: Solanum tuberosum L. 1753 (Solanaceae) is widely cultivated for its therapeutic and nutritional qualities. In Cameroon, the production is insufficient to meet the demand in the cities and there is no published data on the diversity of associated pest insects. Ecological surveys were conducted from July to September 2020 in 16 plots of five development stages in Balessing (West-Cameroon). Insects active on the plants were captured and identified and the community structure was characterized. The abundance of each species and the part of the plant attacked were recorded. A total of 370 specimens belonged to four orders, 16 families and 21 species. From rearings of 3,200 scarified stems and tubers, two Lepidoptera emerged: the Crambidae Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, 1854 (18.0%) and the Noctuidae Helicoverpa armigera Hübner, 1808 (26.0%). This gives a total of five orders, 18 families and 23 species associated with the potato plants. We recorded 16 (69.6%) pest species [10 (43.5%) non-native and six (26.1%) native species]. Base on the family composition, Coleoptera and Hemiptera were mostly represented (31.3% respectively) followed by Orthoptera (25.0%) and Diptera (12.4%). Based on the species composition, Hemiptera presented a high number of species (38.1%) followed by Coleoptera (28.6%), Orthoptera (23.8%) and Diptera (9.5%). Based on abundances, Aphididae (60.6%) was the most represented, followed by Gryllotalpidae (7.6%), Tenebrionidae (6.5%), Bibionidae (5.7%), Gryllidae (4.9%), Pentatomidae (4.9%), Cicadellidae (3.5%) and Pyrgomorphidae (2.4%). Eight rare families were recorded (<1% of the total collection respectively) (Acrididae, Chrysomelidae, Elateridae, Lycidae, Scarabeidae, Scutelleridae, Tipulidae and Pyrrhocoridae). Chemicals were not efficient in the study locality, since entomofauna associated with potato plants remained diverse and consisted of alien pests. The situation calls for more research on the bio-ecology of the recorded pests with further goal of developing sustainable management strategies to reduce yield losses.
Abstract: Solanum tuberosum L. 1753 (Solanaceae) is widely cultivated for its therapeutic and nutritional qualities. In Cameroon, the production is insufficient to meet the demand in the cities and there is no published data on the diversity of associated pest insects. Ecological surveys were conducted from July to September 2020 in 16 plots of five developm...
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Diversity and Abundance of Pest Insects Associated with Solanum aethiopicum Linnaeus, 1756 (Solanaceae) in Balessing (West-Cameroon)
Boris Fouelifack-Nintidem,
Jeanne Aggripine Yetchom-Fondjo,
Sedrick Junior Tsekane,
Babell Ngamaleu-Siewe,
Edith Laure Kenne,
Miric Biawa-Kagmegni,
Patrick Steve Tuekam-Kowa,
Abdel Kayoum Yomon,
Rossi Merlin Kentsop-Tsafong,
Armel Moise Dim-Mbianda,
Martin Kenne
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
70-91
Received:
24 August 2021
Accepted:
6 September 2021
Published:
14 September 2021
Abstract: Despite chemical treatments, all development stages of Solanum aethiopicum Linnaeus, 1756 plants are damaged in the field by insects in Balessing locality (West-Cameroon). During ecological surveys conducted from July to October 2020 in 11 plots presenting four development stages: seedlings (St1), fruit setting plants (St2), flowering phase plants (St3), and fruiting phase plants (St4). Insects active on stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, were captured, identified and the community structure was characterized. Abundance of each species and the part of the plant attacked were noted. Specimens were stored in vials containing 70° alcohol while immature insects were reared in the laboratory till the adult emergence. A total of 155 specimens collected in the field belonged to four orders, 13 families and 22 species. Lepidoptera and Hemiptera were most abundant (38.7% and 34.8% of the total collection respectively). Coleoptera and Orthoptera were least abundant (14.2% and 12.3% respectively). In the laboratory rearing, two Lepidoptera emerged from reared caterpillars: the Crambidae (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee, 1854) and the Noctuidae [Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1808)]. This gives a total of four orders, 14 families, 22 genera and 23 species associated with eggplant plants. In the field, plants were damaged by three borer species (13.0%) [Phrissotrichum grenieri (Desbrochers, 1875) (Coleoptera, Brentidae), Le. orbonalis (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) and H. armigera (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)], by five phytophagous pest species (21.7%) [Lagria villosa (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae), Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Hemiptera, Coreidae), Manduca sexta Linnaeus, 1763 (Lepidoptera, Sphingidae), Sphaerocoris annulus (Fabricius, 1775) (Hemiptera, Scutelleridae) and Taphronota ferruginea (Fabricius, 1781) (Orthoptera, Pyrgomorphidae)], three sap-feeding species (13.0%) [Dysdercus volkeri (Schmidt, 1932) (Hemiptera, Pyrrhocoridae), Edessa rufomarginata (De Geer, 1773) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) and Gonocerus acuteangularis (Goeze, 1778) (Hemiptera, Coreidae)] and 12 species of unknown pest-status. We recorded 11 pest species (47.8% of the total species richness) [six (26.1%) non-native and five (21.7%) native species]. Coleoptera presented a high number of species (34.8%) followed by Hemiptera (30.4%), Orthoptera (21.7%) and Lepidoptera (13.0%). Lepidoptera Crambidae (38.1%) was the most represented, followed by Hemiptera Pentatomidae (14.1%), Orthoptera Acrididae (10.2%), Hemiptera Coreidae and Hemiptera Pyrrhocoridae (7.7% respectively), Hemiptera Scutelleridae (5.2%), Coleoptera Tenebrionidae (5.1%), Coleoptera Chrysomelidae (4.5%), Orthoptera Pyrgomorphidae (3.9%) and Coleoptera Brentidae (1.3%). Three families (Carabidae, Sphingidae and Scarabeidae) were rare (<1% of the total collection). Chemicals were not efficient in Balessing, since entomofauna associated with eggplant plants remained diverse and consisted mostly of alien species. The situation calls for more research on the bio-ecology of the recorded pests with further goal of developing sustainable management strategies to reduce yield losses.
Abstract: Despite chemical treatments, all development stages of Solanum aethiopicum Linnaeus, 1756 plants are damaged in the field by insects in Balessing locality (West-Cameroon). During ecological surveys conducted from July to October 2020 in 11 plots presenting four development stages: seedlings (St1), fruit setting plants (St2), flowering phase plants ...
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