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Biodiversity, Abundance of Flies (Diptera: Brachycera) Attracted by Fresh Flesh and Identification of Medical or Forensic Important Species in Douala (Cameroon)
Romaine Magloire Fantio,
Edith Laure Kenne,
Andrea Sahara Kenne Toukem,
Sedrick Junior Tsekane,
Patrick Steve Tuekam-Kowa,
Abdel Kayoum Yomon,
Stevie Ange Tanekeng Tsayem,
Martin Kenne
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
49-71
Received:
27 June 2022
Accepted:
12 July 2022
Published:
20 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aje.20220603.11
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Abstract: In tropical countries some non-biting flies alone or in combination cause myiasis infections. Nowaday, myiasis cases are increasing in urban and rural areas but nothing is known concerning the composition and structure of the responsible flies’ assemblages. Our study aimed to establish a baseline of information on the distribution of non-biting flies in the urban quarters of Douala (Littoral-Cameroon), as a first step in evaluating their status. Ecological surveys were conducted in 2020 during the rainy season (July to November) in four quarters of Douala (populous residential quarter Bilongué, Ndakat market, Ndogbong university campus, and Souboum health center). Flies were captured and stored in vials containing 70° alcohol, identified and the community stucture was characterized. A total of 7,379 flies belonged to four families, five subfamilies, seven genera and 14 species. Calliphoridae was the most represented family (86.2%) followed by Muscidae (13.0%) and Sarcophagidae (0.7%) while Fanniidae was rare (0.1%). These flies were facultative myiasigenic species. We identified three Afrotropical species (21.4%), nine exotic species (64.3%) and two unknown-origin species (14.3%). Flies of high abundances were the Afrotropical-origin fly Chrysomyia putoria Wiedemann, 1830 (Calliphoridae: Chrysomyiinae; 36.8% of the total collection), the Australasian-origin fly Ch. rufifacies Macquart, 1842 (Calliphoridae: Chrysomyiinae; 21.8%), the unknown origin fly Lucilia spp. (Calliphoridae: Calliphorinae; 18.2%), the Holarctic-origin fly Phormia regina Meigen, 1826 (Calliphoridae: Chrysomyiinae; 8.2%), the Paleartic-origin fly Musca (Musca) domestica Linnaeus, 1758 (Muscidae: Muscinae; 7.6%), the Paleartic-origin fly Muscina. pabulorum Fallen, 1817 [=Muscina prolapsa Harris, 1780] (Muscidae: Muscinae; 3.0%) and the Palearctic-origin fly Musca autumnalis De Geer, 1776 (Muscidae: Muscinae; 1.8%). Seven rare species were represented each by less than 1.0% of the overall collection. Overall, species exhibited a positive asociation (Schluter’s ratio: VR = 1.913, Statistic: W = 397.90, df = 14, p < 0.001). Assemblages exhibited high evenness, low species richness and diversity and moderate dominance by a few species, suggesting a moderate interspecies competition influence and/or disturbance by human activities. GM model fitted SAD from Ndogbong, Bilongué, Souboum and the global assemblage, confirming these assemblages are dominated by a few species (pioneer assemblages) and operated according to niche partitioning strategy. LN model fitted the SAD from Ndakat market, suggesting a community where the majority of species showed moderate abundances, close to the model of little disturbed environments. The high occurence of myiasigenic flies necessitates the reaction of the public health control service to reduce myiasis occurrence in the city.
Abstract: In tropical countries some non-biting flies alone or in combination cause myiasis infections. Nowaday, myiasis cases are increasing in urban and rural areas but nothing is known concerning the composition and structure of the responsible flies’ assemblages. Our study aimed to establish a baseline of information on the distribution of non-biting fli...
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Inventory of Litter Insects in Traditional Automatic Watering Poultry Buildings in Côte d'Ivoire
Jacques Leonce Kouame Yao,
Jean Pierre Boga,
Jean Baptiste Gnelie Gnahoua,
Hassane Dao,
Tano Yao
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
72-78
Received:
15 June 2022
Accepted:
4 August 2022
Published:
24 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aje.20220603.12
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Abstract: Livestock farming, which is a sub-sector of agriculture, is a rapidly growing activity, with a contribution of about 4.5% to agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) and 2% to total GDP. The objective of this work was to inventory the insects associated with the litter of poultry farm buildings with automatic watering in Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve this objective, 60 buildings were prospected in two areas. Overall, 120 buildings constituting 1080 excavation squares of 0.1 m2 each were sampled in the North and South zones. The collected litter was searched using flexible forceps. The insects have been identified under binocular magnifying glass. In total, 16 species of insect belonging to five families grouped into two orders (Coleoptera and Hymenoptera) have been identified, including 11 in the North and 12 in the South. Carcinops pumilio (Histeridae) was the most abundant species with 64.09% of the total number. Shannon and Equitability indices were higher in the North zone (H' = 1.62 and E = 0.67) than those in the South zone (H' = 1.37 and E = 0.30).
Abstract: Livestock farming, which is a sub-sector of agriculture, is a rapidly growing activity, with a contribution of about 4.5% to agricultural gross domestic product (GDP) and 2% to total GDP. The objective of this work was to inventory the insects associated with the litter of poultry farm buildings with automatic watering in Côte d'Ivoire. To achieve ...
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Three New Species of Pseudoeriopsylla (Hemiptera-Psylloidea-Homotomidae) Associated with Ficus spp. (Moraceae) from Western Cameroon
Victor Joly Dzokou,
Laurentine Soufo,
Yves Patrick Ndankeu Mveyo,
Wenceslas Yana,
Joseph Lebel Tamesse
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
79-87
Received:
17 April 2022
Accepted:
3 May 2022
Published:
27 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aje.20220603.13
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Abstract: Without the continuous investigation on biodiversity, many species would be at risk of disappearing without ever being known and described. The local fauna inventory should constitute an important basis to reach the objectives defined in the Convention on Biological Diversity. This convention adopted during the summit of Rio de Janeiro in 1992, recommends the conservation and the sustained use of the biodiversity. This requires inventories of species described and the taxonomic of unknown species. In the case of insects, only a little proportion of existing species is described. Thus, during our investigations, 3 species of the genus Pseudoeriopsylla were collected and morphometric studies showed that they were unknown by science. The three new Pseudoeriopsylla species are named: Pseudoeriopsylla foumboti sp. n., psyllid of Ficus cf. ovata; Pseudoeriopsylla dschangi sp. n., psyllid of Ficus thonningii; Pseudoeriopsylla njonfangi sp. n., psyllid of Ficus preussii. Previously P. laingi, P. etoundii, P. bitomi and P. mpoamei were described and named from Cameroon. The three new species feed on the leaves and young buds of their host plants, except Pseudoeriopsylla dschangi sp. n. which is feeding only on the roots of Ficus thonningii. The species are diagnosed and illustrated, the dichotomous key for adults’ identification is provided. Larvae of these species produced wax on their anal pore which covers the attacked organs of their host plants.
Abstract: Without the continuous investigation on biodiversity, many species would be at risk of disappearing without ever being known and described. The local fauna inventory should constitute an important basis to reach the objectives defined in the Convention on Biological Diversity. This convention adopted during the summit of Rio de Janeiro in 1992, rec...
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Biting Dipterous Insects Associated with Household in a Bali Community Taraba State, Nigeria
Babatunde Tajudeen Lamidi,
Wama Binga Emmanuel
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2022
Pages:
88-93
Received:
16 August 2022
Accepted:
30 August 2022
Published:
14 September 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.aje.20220603.14
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Abstract: Insects are groups of arthropods found almost everywhere, including human dwellings. The aim of this study was to investigate species of dipterous biting insects associated with household in Aungwan Adamu community Bali, Taraba state. The insects were collected using CDC light trap placed indoor and outdoor during wet season of the year 2021. Morphological identification of collected insects was done under dissecting microscope. A total number of 254 insects were collected, 125 (49.2%) indoor and 129 (50.8%) outdoor with two major families: Culicidae (mosquitoes) 116 (45.7%), Ceratopogonidae (biting midges) 96 (37.8%) and unidentified dipterous insects 42 (16.5%.). 56 (48.3%) of the mosquito species were caught indoor, while 60 (51.7%) were caught outdoor. Mosquito species identified were: Anopheles gambiae 40 (34.5%), Culex pipiens 14 (12.1%), Culex quiquefasciatus 57 (49.1%), Culex tarsalis 2 (1.7%) and Mansonia uniformis 3 (2.6%). Among the Anopheles gambiae 16 (40.0%) were caught indoor, 24 (60.0%) outdoor. 6 (42.8%) of Culex pipiens were indoor, 8 (57.2%) outdoor. 33 (57.9%) of Culex quiquefasciatus were indoor, 24 (42.2%) outdoor. 1 (33.3%) of Mansonia uniformis were indoor, 2 (66.7%) outdoor. Among the biting midges 61 (63.5%) were caught indoor while 35 (36.5%) caught outdoor. Culicoides species identified were: Culicoides vagus 19 (19.8) and Culicoides nigripenis 77 (80.2%). Among the Culicoide vagus 19 (100%) were indoor while none (0%) were outdoor. 42 (54.5) of Culicoides nigripenis were caught indoor while 35 (45.5) were outdoor and were statistically significant (P < 0.01). 208 (81.9%) of the insects were female while 46 (18.1%) were male and are statistically different (P < 0.01). Out of the 208 female insects, 178 (85.6%), 0 (0%), 15 (7.2%) and 15 (7.2%) were unfed, fed, half-gravid and gravid respectively and are statistically significant (P < 0.05). The study shows that there are species of biting insects in the study area which can be endophilic or exophilic capable of causing nuisance and transmit diseases.
Abstract: Insects are groups of arthropods found almost everywhere, including human dwellings. The aim of this study was to investigate species of dipterous biting insects associated with household in Aungwan Adamu community Bali, Taraba state. The insects were collected using CDC light trap placed indoor and outdoor during wet season of the year 2021. Morph...
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