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Screening for Plasmid-Mediated Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Ikpoba River Water Samples
Akpe Azuka Romanus,
Okwu Grace Ifeoma,
Esumeh Frederick Ikechukwu,
Femi,
Imah Justus
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
31-35
Received:
30 March 2018
Accepted:
16 April 2018
Published:
7 May 2018
Abstract: The abuse and extensive use of antimicrobial agents by humans may increase resistant bacteria populations in the aquatic environment. The discharge of untreated wastewater into rivers and other non-point sources of pollution have led to the antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment, particularly in surface waters. Studies on river water pollution and their implication to public health has been ongoing. Screening for multi-drug resistant bacterial status of Ikpoba River in Benin City, Nigeria was carried out using standard microbiological and physicochemical procedures. The bacteria isolated from the river water samples were E. coli, Salmonella sp, Vibrio sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis. The antibiotics susceptibility testing of the isolates revealed a multi-drug resistant status for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. The plasmid profile of these multi-drug resistant isolates was determined and results revealed that both isolates harboured plasmid of size 4.5kb. Antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates when cured of plasmid revealed loss of resistance to over 75% of the antibiotics they were originally resistant to. The microbial and physicochemical properties of the river showed that it is unfit for human consumption. The Plasmid mediated multidrug resistant status of some of the isolates is a threat to chemotherapy and is a cause for public health concern.
Abstract: The abuse and extensive use of antimicrobial agents by humans may increase resistant bacteria populations in the aquatic environment. The discharge of untreated wastewater into rivers and other non-point sources of pollution have led to the antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment, particularly in surface waters. Studies on river water poll...
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Seasonal Changes in Microbial Density and Diversity of Ikpoba River Water Samples in Benin City Nigeria
Akpe Azuka Romanus,
Okwu Grace Ifeoma,
Umanu Goddey,
Femi Imah Justus
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
36-43
Received:
25 March 2018
Accepted:
11 April 2018
Published:
17 May 2018
Abstract: River water is a major source of water for household use in most rural communities in Nigeria. River pollution refers to the contaminations of rivers which occur when waste and different other pollutants are discharged into river without being properly treated. Studies on river water pollution and their implication to public health has been ongoing. An assessment of the seasonal changes in microbial density and diversity of Ikpoba River in Benin City, Nigeria was carried out between the months of January to March and May to July 2017 for the dry and wet seasons. Standard microbiological procedures were used for the study. Results showed that the density of the microbial isolates was highest during the dry season. There is significant difference (P>0.05) in the heterotrophic microbial counts in both seasons. The discharge point, upstream and downstream bacterial counts for dry season ranged from 1.5±0.00 x 104cfu/ml to 4.0±0.23 x 106cfu/ml whereas the wet season samples had lower counts ranging from 2.0±0.05 x 103cfu/ml to 4.0±0.21 x 104cfu/ml. Similarly, the fungi counts for the dry season ranged from 6.0±0.01 x 102cfu/ml to 1.4±0.53 x 106cfu/ml while for the wet season it ranged from 5.0±0.00 x 102cfu/ml to 9.0±0.32 x 104cfu/ml. The highest counts were at the point of discharge while the lowest counts were recorded for the upstream samples. The diversity of the microbial species was more in the wet season than in the dry season. The bacteria isolated during the dry season were Salmonella sp, E. coli, and Vibrio sp. In the wet season the isolates included E. coli, Salmonella sp, Vibrio sp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus faecalis. The wet season fungi isolates were Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, species of Penicillium and Rhizopus while the dry season isolates included Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and species of Penicillium. The microbial density is higher in the dry season and lower in the wet season while there are more microbial diversities in the wet season than in the dry season.
Abstract: River water is a major source of water for household use in most rural communities in Nigeria. River pollution refers to the contaminations of rivers which occur when waste and different other pollutants are discharged into river without being properly treated. Studies on river water pollution and their implication to public health has been ongoing...
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Antimicrobial Activities of Four Strains of Streptomyces sp Isolated from the Pond of the Village of Demba Tiarki Tara in Mali
Mamadou Wéléba Bagayoko,
Amadou Hamadoun Babana,
Adounigna Kassogué,
Doulaye Dembélé
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
44-50
Received:
8 June 2018
Accepted:
4 July 2018
Published:
7 August 2018
Abstract: The search for new molecules is needed to cope with the recrudescence of bacterial resistance. Actinomycetes, especially the genus Streptomyces remains the most requested for the production of bioactive substances. Nineteen samples of soil and mud from the pond of Demba Tiarki Tara were collected and treated. In total, 7 strains of Streptomyces were isolated by the calcium carbonate enrichment technique for the isolation of Streptomyces. The antimicrobial potency of isolated Streptomyces was assessed on human and plants pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp, Xanthomonas sp, Salmonella thyphi, Helminthos sp). Four of the tested actinmycetes strains showed antimicrobial activities against the pathogens used in the in vitro test. But only one strain showed high antagonist activity against Staphylococcus aureus and has a strong ability to produce melanin. Three strains were weakly active on Salmonella typhi. This result showed, for the first time, that the pond of Demba Tiarki Tara (DTT) contains bacteria producing bioactive compounds indicating the medical interest that the local population has in this pond. Secondary metabolite production by one strain may be an effective antibiotic for the management of resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains.
Abstract: The search for new molecules is needed to cope with the recrudescence of bacterial resistance. Actinomycetes, especially the genus Streptomyces remains the most requested for the production of bioactive substances. Nineteen samples of soil and mud from the pond of Demba Tiarki Tara were collected and treated. In total, 7 strains of Streptomyces wer...
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In-Silico Side-Directed Mutagenesis of Oxidoreductase from Anoxybacillus sp. SK3-4
Musa Ahmed Abubakar,
Umar Shittu,
Musa Hassan Muhammad,
Saif Al-Sheyab Ahmad
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
51-56
Received:
27 June 2018
Accepted:
11 July 2018
Published:
9 August 2018
Abstract: Precisely, mutagenesis can introduce mutations into the target gene by using mismatch primers which are partially complementary to the template strand of DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Oxidoreductase enzymes are generally proteins that involved in oxidation-reduction reactions in biological systems. For this study, primary sequence analyses of oxidoreductase protein from Anoxybacillus sp. SK3-4 was conducted with the aim of generating functional information and theoretically improve catalytic stability of the protein by in-silico mutagenesis. The primary sequence of a novel protein with 386 amino acid residues was analyzed using Expasy-tool for translation of the amino acid sequence into a nucleotide gene sequence. Important catalytic binding sites of the protein were predicted using 3DLigandSite program, Pheres2 and Protein Bioedit servers for generating functional information of the protein. Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) was used against the novel protein (oxidoreductase), in which two site mutations were created based on rational design. Amino acids; leucine (L) and histidine (H), involved in substrate and metal binding sites in the protein were substituted for isoleucine (I) and arginine (R) i.e. L138I and H280R, to check for significant change in the functional stability of the protein, thereby increasing the efficiency of the enzyme to help speed up the rate of chemical reactions.
Abstract: Precisely, mutagenesis can introduce mutations into the target gene by using mismatch primers which are partially complementary to the template strand of DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Oxidoreductase enzymes are generally proteins that involved in oxidation-reduction reactions in biological systems. For this study, primary sequence anal...
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Bacteriological Quality of Ready-to-Eat Meat (Smoked and Kilishi) Sold in Nigerian Markets
Umeaku Chinyelu Nkiru,
Chris-Umeaku Chiamaka Ijeoma,
Emmyegbe Ifeyinwa Orsla,
Okeke Ugochukwu Chibueze
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
57-61
Received:
10 June 2018
Accepted:
11 July 2018
Published:
14 August 2018
Abstract: Nine different samples of ready to-eat meat comprising of three samples of smoked meat bought from hawkers in Ihiala market and three samples bought from hawkers in Danboyi market, Jos. Three samples of kilishi meat were purchased from West Mile market, Jos. These were analyzed to access the public health implications of eating vended ready-to-eat meat. Standard microbiological methods were used for isolation. Morphological and biochemical analysis were carried out on discrete colonies using pure cultures to establish their identities. The biochemical tests utilized include: catalase, oxidase, coagulase, citrate utilization, and urease tests. The result of this study revealed that a total of four Genera were isolated, characterized and identified. The isolates include: Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus and Proteus species. Meat from all three sources were contaminated with heterotrophic bacteria. Results revealed that ready-to-eat kilishi and smoked meat studied were grossly contaminated with bacteria. Aseptic precautions should be employed in the processing, packaging and preservation of ready-to-eat meat to avoid outbreak of diseases.
Abstract: Nine different samples of ready to-eat meat comprising of three samples of smoked meat bought from hawkers in Ihiala market and three samples bought from hawkers in Danboyi market, Jos. Three samples of kilishi meat were purchased from West Mile market, Jos. These were analyzed to access the public health implications of eating vended ready-to-eat ...
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