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Clinical Assessment of Lactobacillus gasseri Strain, Selected by In-Vitro Tests
Irina Marinova Gotova,
Zhechko Panayotov Dimitrov,
Hristo Miladinov Naidenski
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, November 2017
Pages:
156-160
Received:
27 April 2017
Accepted:
22 May 2017
Published:
16 June 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170204.11
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Abstract: Lactobacillus gasseri G4 strain isolated from healthy human volunteer was selected as one of the best adhesive strain among a large group of lactobacilli. In-vitro tests for establishment of immunomodulatory potential of selected lactic acid bacteria were carried out. Three different analytical models were used for evaluation, according to the specifics of each different cytokine and to compare, where possible. The induction of cytokines like: interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined by widely used laboratory approach with mouse splenocytes as well as on combined (well-in-well) monocytic and epithelium human cell lines (THP-1 and HT-29). Other cytokines like IL-8 and IL-4 were evaluated by only one analytical model, while transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) was evaluated by using all of the three models. The selected strain shows significant increase of IL-10, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and TGF-β production in-vitro. Therefore, this strain was directed to clinical trials with 38 healthy volunteers, randomized and placebo-controlled. The results demonstrate statistically significant increase of TGF-β production (25%). Immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IFN-γ were also increased. Stable levels of IL-10 were observed after the in-vivo experiments with L. gasseri G4 strain. The selected strain does not increase in-vivo the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-8. In this study the immunomodulatory properties of L. gasseri G4 were confirmed in-vivo therefore it is suitable for development of probiotic formulas.
Abstract: Lactobacillus gasseri G4 strain isolated from healthy human volunteer was selected as one of the best adhesive strain among a large group of lactobacilli. In-vitro tests for establishment of immunomodulatory potential of selected lactic acid bacteria were carried out. Three different analytical models were used for evaluation, according to the spec...
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Climate and Plasmodium falciparum Infection on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria
Okokon Ita Ita,
Ubong Aniefiok Udoh,
Kenneth Ogar Inaku,
Anthony Achizie Iwuafor
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, November 2017
Pages:
161-165
Received:
10 April 2017
Accepted:
18 May 2017
Published:
30 June 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170204.12
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Abstract: The occurrence and prevalence of malaria depend on several factors, both climatic and non-climatic. Given that the Jos plateau is more temperate than other parts of Nigeria, this work set out to look at the prevalence of malaria infection on the Jos plateau. Capillary blood samples were collected from 200 febrile patients of both sexes attending the Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), Nigeria from October 2012 to March 2013. Thick and thin films were prepared, stained with 10% giemsa and examined following the procedure recommended by the WHO. A mini review of how climatic factors affect malaria prevalence was also carried out. Two hundred subjects took part in the study. Their ages ranged from one day to 78 years with a mean of 39 years. There were 92 (46%) males and 108 (54%) females with a male to female ratio of approximately 1:1. A total of 30 (15%) of the 200 samples were positive for Plasmodium falciparum by microscopy. The climate of the Jos plateau, Nigeria, does not support a high prevalence of P. falciparum malaria. Therefore, healthcare providers on the Jos plateau should investigate patients for other causes of fever at the same time they are asking for malaria parasite.
Abstract: The occurrence and prevalence of malaria depend on several factors, both climatic and non-climatic. Given that the Jos plateau is more temperate than other parts of Nigeria, this work set out to look at the prevalence of malaria infection on the Jos plateau. Capillary blood samples were collected from 200 febrile patients of both sexes attending th...
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Isolation and Identification of Airborne Pathogenic Fungi from the Hospitals at Dhamar Governorate, Yemen
Hameed Ahmed Golah,
Maged Ahmed Al-Garadi,
Mohamed Salah,
Najla Baghza,
Hesham Al-Mahdi,
Mohamed Al-Dhorani,
Abdulgani Al-Sharma
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, November 2017
Pages:
166-170
Received:
24 March 2017
Accepted:
13 June 2017
Published:
14 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170204.13
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Abstract: The air in many indoor environments also contains spores; however, the hospital indoors environments may lead to spread the pathogenic fungi spores among hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the airborne pathogenic fungi from the Hospitals environment at Dhamar governorate, Yemen. The study was conducted in four hospitals of government, which was included; Hospital A, Hospital B, Hospital C and Hospital D. A total of 48 air samples was collected from different departments of these Hospitals. By using sterile petri dishes contains sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) media with 50µg/L of Cychlohexamide as anti- microbial, to prevent growth of saprophytic fungi and some bacteria. These petri dishes were left open for 6 hours. All samples labeled properly and brought to a laboratory for examination and processing according to standard microbiological techniques. The results had revealed that, 34 pathogenic and opportunistic fungi were isolated from Four Hospitals at Dhamar governorate. These isolates were distributed in Hospital A 35% (12/34), Hospital 21% (7/34) B, Hospital 18% (6/34) C and Hospital D 26% (9/34). These airborne pathogenic fungi included 8 fungal genera: Trichophyton, Cladosporium, Chryosporium, Mortierella, Paecilomyces, Aspergillus Rhizopus and Penicillinum spp.. Overall the result, only 6 (18%) isolates were identified as pathogenic fungi at all Dhamar Hospital while the rest 28 isolates were identified as opportunistic fungi at all Dhamar governorates hospitals. In conclusion, more hygienic practices and continuous checking of nosocomial pathogen should be taken under consideration.
Abstract: The air in many indoor environments also contains spores; however, the hospital indoors environments may lead to spread the pathogenic fungi spores among hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the airborne pathogenic fungi from the Hospitals environment at Dhamar governorate, Yemen. The study was conducted in four ...
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Percentage Yield and Proximate Composition of Cheese Produced from Sheep Milk Using Different Coagulants
Ogunlade Ayodele Oluwayemisi,
Oyetayo Victor Olusegun,
Ojokoh Anthony Okhonlaye
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, November 2017
Pages:
171-175
Received:
5 April 2017
Accepted:
15 May 2017
Published:
14 July 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170204.14
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Abstract: West African soft cheese (wara) produced from sheep milk was processed with different coagulants which are Calotropis procera leaves, Carica papaya leaves, lemon juice and steep water from maize, millet and soghurm. The results of the percentage yield shows that Calotropis procera coagulated milk had the highest percentage yield of 25.60% while wara coagulated with steep water from maize had the lowest percentage yield of 3.80%. The proximate analysis was carried out to evaluate the nutritional composition such as: crude protein, crude fibre, fat, moisture and ash contents of wara produced from sheep milk. The results shows that the moisture and fat contents of wara produced with steep water from maize had the highest value of (60.52 and 18.23) respectively, the ash content of wara produced with Calotropis procera had the highest value (0.83), the protein and carbohydrate contents of wara produced with steep water from sorghum had the highest values of (32.67 and 10.45) respectively. This study suggests the use of steep water from grains such as maize millet and sorghum as an alternative milk coagulant due to reports of probable health hazard from the use of Calotropis procera. However, further work on improving the yield of cheese when this steep water is used as coagulant is still necessary.
Abstract: West African soft cheese (wara) produced from sheep milk was processed with different coagulants which are Calotropis procera leaves, Carica papaya leaves, lemon juice and steep water from maize, millet and soghurm. The results of the percentage yield shows that Calotropis procera coagulated milk had the highest percentage yield of 25.60% while war...
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Cyanide and Macro-Nutrients Content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Biomass Cultured in Cassava Mill Effluents
Sylvester Chibueze Izah,
Sunday Etim Bassey,
Elijah Ige Ohimain
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, November 2017
Pages:
176-180
Received:
28 September 2017
Accepted:
26 October 2017
Published:
20 November 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170204.15
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Abstract: This study investigated the cyanide and some macro nutrient contents of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass cultured in cassava mill effluents. The S. cerevisiae biomass produced was filtered and washed with distilled water and then re-filtered. The resultant sludge/biomass recovered were oven dried. The cyanide and macro nutrient contents were analyzed. The results of the macro nutrients were 331.67 mg/kg (Calcium), 679.30 mg/kg (Magnesium), 22075.30mg/kg (Potassium) and 215.04mg/kg (Sodium). The cyanide content was 0.055mg/100g, being lower than dietary cyanide limits for animal feed. The cyanide and macro nutrient suggests potential suitability of S. cerevisiae biomass cultured in cassava mill effluents for animal feed
Abstract: This study investigated the cyanide and some macro nutrient contents of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biomass cultured in cassava mill effluents. The S. cerevisiae biomass produced was filtered and washed with distilled water and then re-filtered. The resultant sludge/biomass recovered were oven dried. The cyanide and macro nutrient contents were analyz...
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Fungal Morphogenesis Tracking of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici on Leaf Freed of Epicuticular Wax Using Scanning Electron Microscopy
Samar Mohamed Esmail,
Ibrahim Sobhy Draz
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, November 2017
Pages:
181-188
Received:
4 October 2017
Accepted:
6 November 2017
Published:
30 November 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170204.16
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Abstract: Fungal morphogenesis development of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici was tracked on leaves freed of epicuticular wax using the scanning electron microscopy during successive times, 1 day post inoculation (dpi), 2 dpi, 3 dpi, 4 dpi, 5 dpi and 7 dpi. A conidium seen 1 dpi landing on a leaf showed spore germination and the presence of primary germ tube and the appressria formation revealing their dimensions. Appressorial germ tube has elongated and swollen to form an infection structure, the appressorium has a hooked apical lobe. At 2 dpi, the network of tubular cells forms the mycelial hyphae growing over the leaf surface being fed by a haustorium hidden inside the cell under the appresorium. By 3 dpi, colony consisted of mycelial hyphae with rare hyphal lobes. Appressorial lobes tightly adhered to the surface of epidermal cells. At 4 dpi, extensive hyphal growth and repeated penetration from hyphal appressoria resulted in the formation of further haustoria and bulbous conidiophores. On 5 dpi, bulbous conidiophores have started generating conidia. By 7 dpi, well-developed fungal colony were formed with many chains of conidia sticking up into the air and can be wind spread to initiate new infection cycles. We cannot be sure that removing of the waxes did not affect the pathogen's ability to produce conidial exudates or extracellular material from its germ tubes, appressoria, or hyphae. However, we believe this is unlikely, since removing of leaf waxes prior to inoculation has very little effect on many different aspects of fungal development.
Abstract: Fungal morphogenesis development of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici was tracked on leaves freed of epicuticular wax using the scanning electron microscopy during successive times, 1 day post inoculation (dpi), 2 dpi, 3 dpi, 4 dpi, 5 dpi and 7 dpi. A conidium seen 1 dpi landing on a leaf showed spore germination and the presence of primary germ tub...
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