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Improvement of Antimicrobial and Anti-biofilm Potentials of Mouthwashes by Chitosan Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria: An in vitro Study
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
52-57
Received:
8 October 2016
Accepted:
14 December 2016
Published:
20 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170202.11
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Abstract: Introduction: Modern dentistry emphasizes the importance of dental plaque control to improve oral health. To that end the development of oral care formulations has been geared toward the incorporation of antiplaque agents that may play a crucial role in oral health maintenance. Aims: The aims of this work were to incorporate chitosan produced by Lactobacillus plantarum into a mouthwash matrix and assess its effect upon microbial adherence and biofilm formation of oral microorganisms. Additionally, the action of the chitosan mouthwash was compared with two commercially mouthwashes. Methods: A total of 38 lactic acid bacteria, belonging to Lactobacillus species, isolated from 24 samples of traditional Egyptian dairy products, were screened for chitin degradation. Lactobacillus plantarum is the best producer of the enzyme chitin deacetylase so as to release chitosan. Results: The chitosan containing mouthwashwes capable of interfering with all microorganisms’ growth, adherence and biofilm formation and showing vastly superior activity than both chitosan and commercial mouthwashes assayed. Conclusions: Chitosan mouthwashes show great potential as a natural and efficient alternative to traditional mouthwashes.
Abstract: Introduction: Modern dentistry emphasizes the importance of dental plaque control to improve oral health. To that end the development of oral care formulations has been geared toward the incorporation of antiplaque agents that may play a crucial role in oral health maintenance. Aims: The aims of this work were to incorporate chitosan produced by La...
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Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Different Fruits with Proteolytic Activity
Maryam A. S. Abubakr,
Wedad M. Al-Adiwish
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
58-64
Received:
28 October 2016
Accepted:
26 December 2016
Published:
20 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170202.12
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Abstract: A total of eight from thirty LAB isolated from fruits samples showed clear zone on modified de Man, Rogosa and Sharp (MRS)-CaCO3 agar, catalase negative and Gram positive were considered as LAB. From six out of eight isolates was observed good proteolytic activity when tested on skim milk agar. The isolates were identified with species of morphology and biochemical analysis using API 50 CHL kit assay and genotype identification. It can be concluded that isolated LAB from different fruits sources have probiotic properties and proteolytic properties which could benefit consumers.
Abstract: A total of eight from thirty LAB isolated from fruits samples showed clear zone on modified de Man, Rogosa and Sharp (MRS)-CaCO3 agar, catalase negative and Gram positive were considered as LAB. From six out of eight isolates was observed good proteolytic activity when tested on skim milk agar. The isolates were identified with species of morpholog...
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Menace of Haemo-Parasitic Infections in Pregnant Women Attending Unguwa Uku Clinic and Maternity Hospital, Kano-Nigeria
Henry Gabriel Bishop,
Adulfatah Garba Aliyu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
65-74
Received:
31 October 2016
Accepted:
2 December 2016
Published:
20 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170202.13
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Abstract: Nigeria is yet to eradicate malaria among myriads of parasitic infections. Haemo-parasitic infections during pregnancy pose threats to maternal and foetal health. This study assessed the occurrences and effects of haemo-parasites in pregnant women attending Unguwa Uku Clinic and Maternity Hospital, in Kano, Nigeria. The women were briefed about the study, out of which 110 consented. Socio-demographic data and risk factors associated with haemo-parasitic infections were gathered through questionnaires. From each participant, 2ml of venous blood was collected. Thin and thick blood smears were made, stained with Field Stain A and B and examined for haemo-parasites microscopically. Packed cell volume (PCV) was determined in duplicates. Statistical analyses were done at P=0.05. Overall haemo-parasitaemia was (80.9%). Plasmodium falciparum was the only occurring Plasmodium species, with a prevalence of 47.3%. Prevalence of Trypanosoma brucei was 45.5% and microfilariae was 10.0%. Co-infections of P. falciparum and T. brucei was 16.4%, while that of P. falciparum and microfilariae was 5.5%. Women in age-group 22-27years had the highest P. falciparum infections (50.0%), while those of 40-45years were the least infected (33.3%). Women in third trimester of pregnancy had more P. falciparum infections (52.7%), followed by those in second trimester (48.5%); the least was in the first trimester of pregnancy (37.5%). P. falciparum infection and its co-infection with T. brucei lowered the women’s PCV (P<0.05). Haemo-parasitic infections showed no significant association with age-group, gestational age, educational status, marital status, stagnant water and type of residence. Type of anti-mosquito nets used associated with P. falciparum infection (P=0.043). There is need for monitored programs to protect pregnant women from haemo-parasitic infections.
Abstract: Nigeria is yet to eradicate malaria among myriads of parasitic infections. Haemo-parasitic infections during pregnancy pose threats to maternal and foetal health. This study assessed the occurrences and effects of haemo-parasites in pregnant women attending Unguwa Uku Clinic and Maternity Hospital, in Kano, Nigeria. The women were briefed about the...
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Enumeration of Bacteriophages from Mmabatho Treatment Plant and Some Selected Water Sources in Ngaka Modiri Molema District of North-West Province, South Africa
Theodora Ijeoma Ekwomadu,
Nomathamsanqa Patricia Sithebe
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
75-82
Received:
1 November 2016
Accepted:
28 December 2016
Published:
20 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170202.14
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Abstract: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, those that specifically infect E. coli and other coliforms are termed coliphages. While not a threat to humans, occurrence of somatic and F-RNA coliphages has been correlated with the presence of human enteric viruses in faecal-polluted water environments. This study focused on investigating the incidence of somatic coliphages and F-RNA coliphages from Mmabatho treatment plant and some selected water sources in Ngaka Modiri Molema District of the North West province. A total of 17 water samples were analysed for the presence of somatic and F-RNA phages using the double-agar-layer plaque assay according to the standard ISO method, ISO 10705-1(1995, 2000). The physico-chemical properties of the water samples were measured before sample collection. Bottled water was used as a negative control and the phage strains фX174 and MS2 as positive controls. Out of the 17 samples collected, (76%) were positive for somatic coliphages, no F-RNA coliphages were detected while 24% of the samples had no coliphages. Thus, the presence of coliphages indicates that the water sources do not meet up to national and international requirement for drinking water quality. Furthermore, monitoring water environments for possible faecal contamination is necessary to ensure public health and safety.
Abstract: Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, those that specifically infect E. coli and other coliforms are termed coliphages. While not a threat to humans, occurrence of somatic and F-RNA coliphages has been correlated with the presence of human enteric viruses in faecal-polluted water environments. This study focused on investigating the inci...
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Recent Progress in Biopharmaceutical Drugs Research and Development
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
75-84
Received:
17 November 2016
Accepted:
13 January 2017
Published:
24 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170202.15
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Abstract: Advances in human health biology and disease have opened up exciting new possibilities for potential new treatments and cures to meet patient needs. Our understanding of these molecular principles has revealed the existence of many regulatory molecules or proteins with medical significance. These proteins are produced naturally within the body only in minute quantities. Developments in recombinant DNA technology and hybridoma technology facilitate the large-scale production of protein of medical interest and are called biopharmaceuticals. This articles attempts to provide an overview of the recombinant biopharmaceutical products available in the market and their contribution towards improving human health. Latest developments within each sectors of biopharmaceuticals is highlighted to provide a greater focus upon actual commercial products thus far manufactured and approved.
Abstract: Advances in human health biology and disease have opened up exciting new possibilities for potential new treatments and cures to meet patient needs. Our understanding of these molecular principles has revealed the existence of many regulatory molecules or proteins with medical significance. These proteins are produced naturally within the body only...
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Microbiological Analysis of Baobab Yoghurt Produced Using Lactobacillus bulgaricus
Zakari Mukhtar Aisha,
Orukotan Abimbola Ayodeji,
Mohammed Sani Sambo Datsugwai,
Aliyu Isah Moriki
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
93-101
Received:
15 November 2016
Accepted:
17 January 2017
Published:
18 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170202.16
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Abstract: This research was carried out to determine the microbial loads on Baobab Yoghurt produced using Lactobacilus bulgaricus. Lactobacilus bulgaricus was isolated from fermented cow milk and was identified using Analytical Profile Index 50 CH kit. Four fifty grams of powdered Baobab was formulated with 1L of sterile water and 1L of milk emulsion was added after which the Lactobacilus bulgaricus was inoculated using 0.5 macfarlane standard, it was allowed to ferment for 9h. The pH and TTA of the finished product was recorded as 3.34 and 1.089 respectively. The microbial was observed using MRS media, Nutrient agar and PDA and the following results were observed; 2.52 x 102, 2.06 x 102, <10 respectively. The identified microorganisms are Lactic acid bacteria and Saccharomyces species. All the results were within the acceptable limits set by NAFDAC. The reason for the low fungal count is owed to the lower pH of the yoghurt.
Abstract: This research was carried out to determine the microbial loads on Baobab Yoghurt produced using Lactobacilus bulgaricus. Lactobacilus bulgaricus was isolated from fermented cow milk and was identified using Analytical Profile Index 50 CH kit. Four fifty grams of powdered Baobab was formulated with 1L of sterile water and 1L of milk emulsion was add...
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Assessment of Bacteriological Quality in Selected Commercially Important Shrimps of Visakhapatnam, East Coast of India
Ramesh Babu K.,
Govinda Rao V.,
Krishna N. M.,
Geetha S.,
Kakara R. R.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
102-105
Received:
17 November 2016
Accepted:
8 February 2017
Published:
1 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170202.17
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Abstract: The present study was carried out on microbial investigation to screening of pathogenic microorganism of selected commercially important shrimp samples Parapenaeopsis stylifera (Milne-Edwards, 1837); Penaeus merguiensis (de Man, 1888) Penaeus japonicas (Spence Bate, 1888) Ganjampenaeopsis uncta (Alcock, 1905) and Penaeus indicus (Milne Edwards, 1837) collected from fishing harbour of Visakhapatnam, east coast of India. The study was performed during the period of April 2015 to March 2016. Selectively, five commercially important shrimp were used to evaluate the quality of samples in terms of microbial content, using Agar plate method, Total Bacterial Count (TBC), Total coliform counts (TCC) was performed. The TBC ranged from 1.82X102cfu/g to 3.23X102cfu/g and TCC was found in between 2.14X102 and 5.22X102 whereas the total coliform count was not exceeded the acceptable limit recommended by FAO. The highly pathogenic bacteria Salmonella sp., Vibrio sp., was found in the collected shrimp samples.
Abstract: The present study was carried out on microbial investigation to screening of pathogenic microorganism of selected commercially important shrimp samples Parapenaeopsis stylifera (Milne-Edwards, 1837); Penaeus merguiensis (de Man, 1888) Penaeus japonicas (Spence Bate, 1888) Ganjampenaeopsis uncta (Alcock, 1905) and Penaeus indicus (Milne Edwards, 183...
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Susceptibility of Biosynthesis Silver Nanoparticles on the Antimicrobial Potential of Poly N-vinylpyrrolidone
Nesreen A. Fatthallah,
Nahla A. Mansour,
Manal G. Mohamed,
Azza M. Mazrouaa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, May 2017
Pages:
106-112
Received:
4 January 2017
Accepted:
31 January 2017
Published:
1 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijmb.20170202.18
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Abstract: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method from pomegranate Peel with and without of surfactant sodium dodecylsulphat (SDS). In the present studies polyN-vinylpyrrolidone (PNVPy) nanocomposite was polymerized in situ in presence of various compositions of AgNPs. Thin films of these nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Transmission electron microscopy TEM. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of the peaks at 2θ values of 38°, 44°, 64° and 77° corresponding to clusters phase of silver metal. TEM photographs revealed the presence of Ag nanoparticles of sizes varying from 20 - 50 nm. Antimicrobial potential of PNVPy/AgNPs nanocomposites were studied. Silver nanoparticles are the newly used method mitigating most of the resistant bacteria. Nuisance bacteria could disturb the efficacy of different industrial plants when related to fouling problems. The present study investigates the potentials of some vinylpyrrolidone compounds with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles for mitigation of microbial foulants. Marine microorganisms like Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Escherichia sp. where considered as the primary causatives of micro biofouling mechanism. They were exposed to ten different concentration of the formerly mentioned compounds W/WO addition of surface active materials. The obtained optimum mixture was the tested polymer with 0.4 AgNPs with the addition of the tested surfactant.
Abstract: Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by chemical reduction method from pomegranate Peel with and without of surfactant sodium dodecylsulphat (SDS). In the present studies polyN-vinylpyrrolidone (PNVPy) nanocomposite was polymerized in situ in presence of various compositions of AgNPs. Thin films of these nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray ...
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