Characterized Organic Pollutants and Their Health Effects in Sampled Groundwater Around Ilorin Metropolis
Oluwaseun Emmanuel Odipe,
Henry Olawale Sawyerr,
Solomon Olayinka Adewoye
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, March 2020
Pages:
36-43
Received:
6 March 2020
Accepted:
23 March 2020
Published:
30 April 2020
Abstract: The study was aimed at determining the possible volatile organic compounds present in groundwater from hand-dug wells within and around filling stations across Ilorin metropolis as well as to ascertain the possible sources of the contaminants and their health effects. Water samples were obtained from twenty-six (26) wells that were found within the scope of stations above the age of 15 years and functioning with underground storage tank capacities of over 33,000 L each for different petroleum products stored above the water level. Laboratory analysis to determine volatile organic compounds and their concentrations were carried out using the gas chromatography- mass spectrophotometer (GC-MS) after prior extraction of hydrocarbon from the water samples by the Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE) method. The result revealed a total of fifty-three (53) VOCs across samples where nonanal, dodecane, methyl palmitate, heptanophenone, 13, hexyloxacyclotridec – 10 – en – 2 – one, cyclohexane, octyl, decahydro- 4, 4, 8, 9, 10 – pentamethyl naphthalene, (z) – 3 – heptene, were the most frequently occurring compounds, which could be traced to anthropogenic activities involving the use of paints, detergents, stain removers, leaking underground storage tanks, piped networks containing petroleum products as the possible sources of release into the environmental media. Related health impacts from exposure to these contaminants includes brain damage, cancer, tumours, anaemia, central and peripheral nervous system breakdown, liver, bones, autism, Skin, eye, and nose irritation, headache, dizziness, narcosis, and death at high levels of exposure. The study concluded that groundwater sources at close proximity to filling stations are susceptible to contamination through activities in the stations and such water resource should be treated before consumption and use to avoid negative health effects.
Abstract: The study was aimed at determining the possible volatile organic compounds present in groundwater from hand-dug wells within and around filling stations across Ilorin metropolis as well as to ascertain the possible sources of the contaminants and their health effects. Water samples were obtained from twenty-six (26) wells that were found within the...
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Review on Determinants of Farmers’ Perception on Climate Change Adaptation Strategies in Ethiopia
Haile Tamiru Urgessa,
Bayisa Busa Gonfa
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 2, March 2020
Pages:
44-51
Received:
28 May 2020
Accepted:
12 June 2020
Published:
20 June 2020
Abstract: Ethiopia is one of the drought affected areas which require huge community, government and NGOs participation. The past experience in the country shows the limited capacity of the government for climate change adaptation strategies. Therefore, the current direction is towards enhancing the capacity and creating awareness of the community and users could own, finance and manage their environment in order to minimize impact of climate change by establishing adaptation strategies. The objective of adaptation strategies is to promote farmers perception, improve service delivery, demand management and increase productivity. The main objectives of this study are to examine adaptation strategies, to identify the factors that determine farmers’ perception on climate change adaptation strategies the study area. Apart from the descriptive analysis, binary logit model will be employed to identify the determinants of farmers’ perception on climate change and adaptation strategies. The study will be used both primary and secondary data. The primary data will be obtained through questionnaire and interview; while secondary data will be collected from books, journals articles and different reports. The study site will be selected based the frequent occurrence of drought, topographic variation and other determinants of climate change and adaptation strategies. Accordingly four kebeles will be selected by systematic random sampling for the study.
Abstract: Ethiopia is one of the drought affected areas which require huge community, government and NGOs participation. The past experience in the country shows the limited capacity of the government for climate change adaptation strategies. Therefore, the current direction is towards enhancing the capacity and creating awareness of the community and users ...
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