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Pollutant Abatement of Unhairing-Liming Workshop of a Tannery Unit by Non-Thermal Gliding Discharge in Air.
Abba Paltahe,
Samuel Laminsi,
Jean-Louis Brisset
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
200-204
Received:
17 October 2014
Accepted:
27 October 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
Abstract: The effluents of an unhairing-liming workshop of a craft tannery in North Cameroon are exposed to a gliding arc discharge for various exposure times in a cold plasma reactor. The highly basic effluent is rich in concentrated organic wastes which are degraded by the oxidizing species formed in the discharge. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5) abatements by 95% and more than 90% respectively result from one hour treatment in batch conditions. Simultaneously pH trends to acid. Bacterial inactivation was also found successful for short exposures t*<10 min. The feasibility of the plasma technique is then confirmed in case of actual effluents at the laboratory scale and may be developed in view of industrial applications by valuable improvements.
Abstract: The effluents of an unhairing-liming workshop of a craft tannery in North Cameroon are exposed to a gliding arc discharge for various exposure times in a cold plasma reactor. The highly basic effluent is rich in concentrated organic wastes which are degraded by the oxidizing species formed in the discharge. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Biological...
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Pollution Indicators and Pathogenic Microorganisms in Wastewater Treatment: Implication on Receiving Water Bodies
Tomilola Debby Olaolu,
Oghenerobor Benjamin Akpor,
Charity Omeche Akor
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
205-212
Received:
23 September 2014
Accepted:
10 October 2014
Published:
10 November 2014
Abstract: There is the indication that human deaths as a result of water-borne diseases exceed five million people per year, with over half of the diseases being microbial intestinal infections, especially cholera and diarrhea. A number of pathogenic microorganisms, regarded as water pollution indicators have been observed as the agents of such. These water pollution indicators are present in feces, sewage and can survive as long as pathogenic organisms. These pathogenic microorganisms cause several waterborne infections and diseases like bacterial (cholera, salmonellosis, shigellosis and several diseases associated with pathogenic strains of E. coli), viral (ranging from a mild febrile illness to myocarditis, meningoencephalitis, poliomyelitis, herpangina, hand-foot-and mouth disease and neonatal multi-organ failure), protozoan (cryptosporidiosis, diarrhea encaphilitis, giardiasis, amoebiasis) and fungal (candidiasis, blastomycosis, cryptococcusis, aspergilosis). These biological contaminants that cause several water-borne diseases can however be removed from water through physical (ultraviolet radiation, solar radiation and boiling) and chemical disinfection methods (chlorination, chloramination and ozonation). The aim of this paper was to review the microbial indicators and pathogenic microorganisms in water and wastewater. The paper also discussed the treatment strategies for microbial-contaminated water and wastewaters.
Abstract: There is the indication that human deaths as a result of water-borne diseases exceed five million people per year, with over half of the diseases being microbial intestinal infections, especially cholera and diarrhea. A number of pathogenic microorganisms, regarded as water pollution indicators have been observed as the agents of such. These water ...
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A Comparative Analysis of Citizens’ Eco-Awareness between Toyota City in Japan and Neiva City in Colombia
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
218-223
Received:
25 October 2014
Accepted:
7 November 2014
Published:
25 November 2014
Abstract: This paper analyzes citizens’ eco-awareness between Toyota City in Japan and Neiva City in Colombia. Both cities have been making efforts to promote their eco-policies, which are somewhat similar to each other in areas such as transportation and public welfare and livelihood. To put these policies into practice, civic support is essential. Through survey questionnaires, this study compares citizens’ awareness of eco-policies in Toyota City and Neiva City. Findings show that Toyota City outperforms Neiva City in some areas such as forests and the urban center while Neiva outperforms in other areas: transportation and industry. This paper explains possible reasons for these differences and makes suggestions to further promote eco-policies.
Abstract: This paper analyzes citizens’ eco-awareness between Toyota City in Japan and Neiva City in Colombia. Both cities have been making efforts to promote their eco-policies, which are somewhat similar to each other in areas such as transportation and public welfare and livelihood. To put these policies into practice, civic support is essential. Through ...
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Perception of Farmers on Soil Erosion and Conservation Practices in Dejen District, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
224-229
Received:
14 November 2014
Accepted:
24 November 2014
Published:
27 November 2014
Abstract: Soil erosion is one of the major causes of land degradation that causes low agricultural productivity in Ethiopia. Though, it is a natural process, its rate has increased significantly mainly by human activity. The study was conducted in Dejen district, in Northwestern Ethiopia to assess perception of farmers on soil erosion and conservation practices. In this study, both primary and secondary data collection techniques were used. These includes interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, and questionnaires were the source of this research. The sampling technique employed in this study were stratified, purposive and simple random were applied to select sample kebele and representative households heads. A sample of 250 heads of households were used to gain insight into soil erosion perceived by farmers and conservation practices in the study area. The finding of the study shows that almost all farmers of the study area had good perception on the causes, indicators and problems of soil erosion. The main causes of soil erosion perceived by farmers in the study area were high intensity of rainfall, continuous cultivation, topography and inappropriate soil conservation practices. The major soil conservation methods implemented by farmers in the study area were terracing, diversion ditches, and contour plowing and cut of drain. This research finding also concludes that the main constraints to apply soil conservations in Dejen district were mainly related to socioeconomic and biophysical factors such as uncontrolled (free) grazing, distance between homestead and farm land and farmers’ low level of the economic capacity.
Abstract: Soil erosion is one of the major causes of land degradation that causes low agricultural productivity in Ethiopia. Though, it is a natural process, its rate has increased significantly mainly by human activity. The study was conducted in Dejen district, in Northwestern Ethiopia to assess perception of farmers on soil erosion and conservation practi...
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Characterization and Adsorption Mechanism of Pb (II) Removal by Insolubilized Humic Acid in Polluted Water
Ming-guang Ma,
Yun-xia Wei,
Guo-hu Zhao,
Fang Liu,
Yan-Rong Zhu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
230-235
Received:
7 December 2014
Accepted:
19 December 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: The removal of Pb2+ in the aqueous solutions by adsorption onto insolubilized humic acid (IHA) is investigated. The equilibrium isotherms were determined at pH 3.5 under constant ionic strength and at different temperatures. At the same time, the paper has also analyzed the adsorption experimental data by using three different isotherm models: Langmuir, Frendlich and Linear isotherm. As the result, it has obtained the optimal correlation for Frendlich isotherm equations. In addition, the paper has calculated the thermodynamic quantities ΔH in accordance with the Clausius-Claperyon,s theory. It means that the type of adsorption of Pb2+ onto IHA is physisorption, rather than by chemical bonding. And finally, the adsorption equilibrium gained around 12 hours and a high and stable removal of heavy metals on insoluble humic acid has been obtained almost under the neutral conditions.
Abstract: The removal of Pb2+ in the aqueous solutions by adsorption onto insolubilized humic acid (IHA) is investigated. The equilibrium isotherms were determined at pH 3.5 under constant ionic strength and at different temperatures. At the same time, the paper has also analyzed the adsorption experimental data by using three different isotherm models: Lang...
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