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Influence of Temperature and Rainfall on the Phenology of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hoscht in the Ferlo Zone (Senegal)
Awa Latyr Sène,
Aly Diallo,
Mariama Dalanda Diallo,
Moustapha Bassimbé Sagna,
Ousmane Ndiaye,
Aliou Guisse
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, September 2020
Pages:
181-189
Received:
6 August 2020
Accepted:
18 August 2020
Published:
8 September 2020
Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the phenology of the species Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst and to monitor the influence of climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) on its phenological behaviour. The study was carried out in three sites of Ferlo Nord (Senegal) (Amaly, Widou Thingoly and Tessekere) between December 2015 and December 2016. Climatic data were collected throughout the year and the phenological characterization of the species (leafing, flowering and fruiting) was carried out according to the method described by Grouzis & Sicot in 1980. The results showed that for the majority of individuals, leaf fall was between August and March, the budding phase between January and July and full leafing between May and February. The flowering and fruiting phases took place during the dry period. There was also another flowering phase in the cold dry season, which was unusual for the species S. birrea . According to these observations the species behaved like a savannah species that flowers more than once a year. Marked differences were observed between and within sites for the leafing and flowering phases and a significant difference within and between species. Furthermore, the results confirmed the importance of inter-site variations and climatic variations in particular the temperature on S. birrea phenophases. The results of this study were of capital interest in the management and silviculture of this species whose potential was little exploited and less valued.
Abstract: The objective of this study was to characterize the phenology of the species Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst and to monitor the influence of climatic factors (rainfall and temperature) on its phenological behaviour. The study was carried out in three sites of Ferlo Nord (Senegal) (Amaly, Widou Thingoly and Tessekere) between December 2015 and...
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Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal
Fatou Dieng,
Daouda Ngom,
Djiby Dia,
Mouhamed Rassoul Sy,
Seydou Ndiaye,
Mohamadou Dieye
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, September 2020
Pages:
190-197
Received:
7 July 2020
Accepted:
24 July 2020
Published:
24 September 2020
Abstract: Cashew nuts are one of the main cash crops that compete strongly with groundnuts and cotton in Senegal. However, there is no clear scientific evidence to confirm or refute this argument, so this fact is not widely known. This raises a knowledge gap and justifies the need to analyze the nut quality. Raw cashew nut qualities were evaluated using the Out-turn and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Twelve samples of nuts were taken from producers, processors, buyers, and exporters in the four production regions in Senegal. The main quality criteria studied are: Kernel Output Ratio (KOR), Defect Rate (DR), Kernel Yield (KY) and moisture content. The results showed that the highest KOR was recorded in the nuts sourced from Ziguinchor region (45 ± 6 lbs) while the lowest was noted in nuts from Fatick region (38 ± 9). The KORs for the Kolda (42 ± 8 lbs) and Sedhiou (42 ± 5 lbs) regions are similar. The tests indicated a good quality of Senegalese cashew nuts. The average over the whole sample is 42 ± 9 lbs per 80 kg lot compared to international standards which vary from 40 to 50 lbs per 80 kg lot. Kernel yield is 24% compared to 22% applied by the largest manufacturers in Asian and South American countries. Nut Count is 193 ±40 grains per kilogram compared to 190 grains per kilogram applied by some industrial exporters. The average moisture content is 8%, confirming the international standards. The political implication of these results is that in addition to consolidating the quality of the production, it is essential to emphasize the valorization of the kernel through processing in order to create more added value, employment, and wealth for Senegal.
Abstract: Cashew nuts are one of the main cash crops that compete strongly with groundnuts and cotton in Senegal. However, there is no clear scientific evidence to confirm or refute this argument, so this fact is not widely known. This raises a knowledge gap and justifies the need to analyze the nut quality. Raw cashew nut qualities were evaluated using the ...
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Structure and Diversity of Agroforestry Parks in the Tenghory District (Lower Casamance, Senegal)
Ismaila Coly,
Aliou Badji,
Daouda Ngom,
Arfang Ousmane Kemo Goudiaby,
Mamady Drame
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, September 2020
Pages:
198-207
Received:
24 August 2020
Accepted:
17 September 2020
Published:
24 September 2020
Abstract: In Lower Casamance, farmers deliberately keep certain woody species in their fields to increase their crop yields and generate additional income. The objective of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the state of agroforestry parks in Lower Casamance. To achieve this objective, vegetation surveys were carried out. Thus, a square plot of 2500 m² (50m x 50m) was installed in the fields of each of the 99 farmers selected in the sample, for a total of 99 plots. This sample is distributed among the different municipalities of the arrondissement in proportion to their demographic weight, ie 18; 14; 14; 53 plots respectively in the municipalities of Coubalan, Ouonck, Niamone and Tenghory. The agroforestry parks in the district of Tenghory have a specific richness of 64 woody species divided into 53 genera and 20 botanical families. The observed density of trees is 21.8 feet / ha, the basal area is 3.3 m² / ha with a coverage rate of 13.7%. The height class structure of the woody stand reveals a predominance of individuals ≥ 10 m in height (50.5%). The diameter class [5-25] is the best represented with 45.8% of the individuals. These results thus constitute a source of useful information for the rational management of agroforestry parks in the district of Tenghory.
Abstract: In Lower Casamance, farmers deliberately keep certain woody species in their fields to increase their crop yields and generate additional income. The objective of this study is to contribute to a better understanding of the state of agroforestry parks in Lower Casamance. To achieve this objective, vegetation surveys were carried out. Thus, a square...
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Characterization and Cytotoxic Activity of Dalbergia latifolia Wood Extract
Thangamani Dhandapani,
KR Sasidharan,
Girija Shanmugam,
Vimaladevi Sadanandam,
Ragunathan Vasudevan,
Suryanarayanan Lalitha,
Ravichandran Anandalakshmi
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, September 2020
Pages:
208-213
Received:
19 September 2020
Accepted:
28 September 2020
Published:
12 October 2020
Abstract: Dalbergia latifolia commonly known as the Indian rosewood, commonly found in association with Teak trees population in and around Western Ghat areas of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India. From the heartwood of roots and trunk many phytochemical contents were investigated. A wide spectrum of flavanoids namely, flavones, isoflavones, neoflavones and chalcones have been obtained. Specifically, one of the flavonoids compound chalcone compound-Isoliquiritigenin (ILTG, 2',4',4'-trihydroxychalcone) shows various pharmacological properties, including cytotoxic activities. This study revealed the cytotoxic effect of Isoliquiritigenin, efficiently controls the invasive capacity of breast cancer cells MCF10A human mammary epithelial cell line through uplifting G1-phase cell cycle, even arrest at low concentration, also accelerate the extracellular signal regulated kinase signaling pathway to topup the proteins combined with apoptosis and arrest cancer. The cytotoxicity invitro of isoliquitrigenin against MCF10A ATCC cells was investigated by MTT assay. Apoptosis was evaluated by microscopy and flow cytometry. Isoliquiritigenin exhibited the most potent anticancer activity against MCF 10A ATCC with an IC 50 of 10.00 µg/ml. The methanolic extract expressed cytotoxic effect with an IC50 value of 20 µg/ml. The compounds were also tested for their toxicity on normal human cell lines-LO2 and were found to be nontoxic. Administering the wood extract approaches may help reduce side effects in patients under conventional chemotherapy. These potential molecule may exerts their co-active effects through various pathways and helpful for the development of novel drugs; also conservation of these important germplasm is mandatory.
Abstract: Dalbergia latifolia commonly known as the Indian rosewood, commonly found in association with Teak trees population in and around Western Ghat areas of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India. From the heartwood of roots and trunk many phytochemical contents were investigated. A wide spectrum of flavanoids namely, flavones, isoflavones, neoflavones and chal...
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Ecological and Economic Potentials of Cocoa Agroforestry Systems in the Center Region of Cameroon
Madountsap Tagnang Nadege,
Simo Claude,
Kabelong Banoho Louis-Paul Roger,
Chimi Djomo Cedric,
Ntsefong Godswill Ntsomboh,
Ntonmen Amandine Flore Yonkeu,
Tchinda Metagne Carole,
Tchoupou Votio Mireil,
Zapfack Louis
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, September 2020
Pages:
214-222
Received:
19 September 2020
Accepted:
5 October 2020
Published:
16 October 2020
Abstract: Agroforestry especially in the context of cocoa production is a powerful tool for sustainable development. The overall objective of this study was to identify the type of cocoa Agroforestry System (CAS) that can conciliate ecological interests with existential concerns of rural populations. Characterization of the different types of CAS was done through a questionnaire survey of 140 cocoa farmers and field sampling in 25 m x 25 m quadrats where all trees of dbh ≥ 10 cm were inventoried. The undergrowth, the litter and the roots were collected respectively in quadrats of 1 m2; 0.5 m2; and 0.2 m2. A total of 122 quadrats were assessed in the different types of CAS in the study area. The results show that there are three types of CAS including Traditional, SODECAO and Innovative CAS. The most profitable CAS in terms of merchant cocoa are Innovative CAS (2223.75 $.ha-1) followed by SODECAO CAS (2014.61 $.ha-1). There is a significant difference (p < 0.001) between the carbon stock of Traditional CAS (107.90 t C.ha-1), SODECAO (87.78 t C.ha-1) and the Innovative CAS (28.98 t C.ha-1). The SODECAO CAS is the most appropriate to conciliate cocoa farming and carbon sequestration.
Abstract: Agroforestry especially in the context of cocoa production is a powerful tool for sustainable development. The overall objective of this study was to identify the type of cocoa Agroforestry System (CAS) that can conciliate ecological interests with existential concerns of rural populations. Characterization of the different types of CAS was done th...
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Agro Pastoralist’s Perception and Willingness to Participate in Water Harvesting Practices in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Asmera Adicha,
Melkamu Mada
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 5, September 2020
Pages:
223-234
Received:
25 March 2020
Accepted:
10 April 2020
Published:
27 October 2020
Abstract: This study was conducted to assess agro pastoralist’s perception and willingness to participate in water harvesting practices that could improve their decision to construct and manage water storage technologies at individual household level or community level in the study area. A total of 192 agro pastoralist’s households were assessed and 92.7% of them were willing to participate in rainwater harvesting practices and the rest 7.3% were not. Of the willing respondents 27.53%, 54.49% and 17.98% preferred clay lined pond, plastic lined pond and aboveground tank water storage technologies. And also the study specified the binary logistic for the participation decision and multinomial logistic for the choice decision model to identify factors that affect participation decision on water harvesting technologies and preference of water storage technologies. Accordingly, estimation of the binary logistic model showed that labor availability, distance to water source, perception towards water harvesting practice, age of respondent and credit services significantly affect the willingness of agro pastoralists to participate in water harvesting technologies. Whereas labour availability, ownership of plot, plot distance and area of particular plot affect the choice decision of agro pastoralists on rain water storage options among alternatives in the study area. It can be concluded that policy makers must give attention on factors affecting perception/participation decision of agro pastoralist’s in water harvesting works and their preference among water storage options, and on gender issues in the planning/implementation of water harvesting activities.
Abstract: This study was conducted to assess agro pastoralist’s perception and willingness to participate in water harvesting practices that could improve their decision to construct and manage water storage technologies at individual household level or community level in the study area. A total of 192 agro pastoralist’s households were assessed and 92.7% of...
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