Effects of Declining Paper Industry on Nigeria Economy and the Way Forward
Egbewole Zaccheaus Tunde,
Rotowa Odunayo James
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
181-187
Received:
20 August 2017
Accepted:
29 August 2017
Published:
6 November 2017
Abstract: Nigeria paper industry has not reached the optimum performance level expected of it by planners despite the huge money spent on the establishment of pulp and paper mills in the country before it finally stop production in 1994 due to the high dependence on foreign inputs. This paper examines the problems militating against pulp and paper production in Nigeria and highlights the pathway for promoting optimal pulp and paper capacities locally. Commonly used tree species for pulp and paper production like Gmelina arborea, Pinus caribaea etc, are threatened due to high rate of deforestation and increasing demand of their wood for other economic purposes. Hence, none of the three primary pulp and paper mills established in the country by government within 1960’s to 1970’s performed optimally except The Nigerian Paper Mill, Jebba in the 1980’s as pulp and paper importation reduced drastically as a result of high capacity utilization in the mills. In 1985 and 1986, capacity utilization in Nigerian Paper Mill was 62.3% in 1960’s and 66.17% in the 1960’s. In 1996, The Nigeria Newsprint Manufacturing Company (NNMC), Oku Iboku also stopped production leading to complete dependence on importation of paper and paper products. In 2006, the mills were privatized, and, currently more than 500 billion naira is expended on importation of paper products annually. The only and urgent remedy is to put in place machinery for massive sustainable wood production. Likewise, the use of indigenous wood species and agricultural residues should be encouraged for long fiber pulp production. Efforts should further be made for a stable power supply from national grid to ensure the sustainability of industrial growth most especially in the pulp and paper industries.
Abstract: Nigeria paper industry has not reached the optimum performance level expected of it by planners despite the huge money spent on the establishment of pulp and paper mills in the country before it finally stop production in 1994 due to the high dependence on foreign inputs. This paper examines the problems militating against pulp and paper production...
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Promoting Environmental Education at the Geographical Space of the Pati Cua Stream´ Basin
Palavecino José,
Eibl Beatriz,
Lopez Jorge,
Centurión Diego,
Aguinagalde Santiago,
Vier Fernando,
Barrios Hector
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
188-191
Received:
20 September 2017
Accepted:
9 November 2017
Published:
1 December 2017
Abstract: The obtained results at the studies previously made on the Pati Cua basin (Eldorado, province of Misiones), reveal a slow deforestation of the Paranaense Forest (Atlantic Forest); with the aggravating of the biodiversity loss and the elimination of the protective forests, which turns into a severe warning about the quality of the water, due to anthropic activities. After seeing this panorama, the need for address the problem emerged and there were made several necessary actions in order to make people aware of it, and to reestablish the environmental balance; working side by side with the people and institutions inserted at the geographical space of the basin. Into the main objectives for this Environmental Education´ project, it is the one about to encourage an interinstitutional approaching for the environmental education linking University – Schools – Municipality and Neighborhood Commissions. The lines of actions were: masterly classes at schools, replanting of several native species at the stream coasts, and an active participation in schools´ Science Fairs, among others. And of all the obtained results, it is remarkable the continuous formation of the teachers and students facing the problematic; the elaboration of educative material; several distinctions at the Science Fairs; implantation of essays about native species at the stream coasts; the commitment of the neighborhood commissions for the protection of the forests; and the continuation of the exhibitions concerning environmental education. As a conclusion, it is affirmed that the actions done generated a high commitment level by every intervenient sector. Of the students involved, it is remarkable their determination to continuing the lines of action; as for their teachers, it is notable their permanent formation and approaching on the environmental topic into the curricular contents. And for the institutions, it is manifested a high commitment level on continuing the planned lines of action, in order to improve the life´ quality at the geographic space of the basin of the Pati Cua stream, and its influence area.
Abstract: The obtained results at the studies previously made on the Pati Cua basin (Eldorado, province of Misiones), reveal a slow deforestation of the Paranaense Forest (Atlantic Forest); with the aggravating of the biodiversity loss and the elimination of the protective forests, which turns into a severe warning about the quality of the water, due to anth...
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Replacement of Commercial Concentrate with Acacia nilotica Pod Meal on Feed Intake, Digestibility and Weight Gain of Boer x Woyto-Guji Crossbred Goats
Denbela Hidosa,
Deribe Gemiyo
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 6, November 2017
Pages:
192-197
Received:
26 August 2017
Accepted:
11 September 2017
Published:
3 December 2017
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate supplementation effect of graded levels of Acacia nilotica pod meal on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and weight gain of Boer and Woyto-Guji (50%) crossbred goats. Twenty four Boer and Woyto-Guji crosses with initial weight of 15.20 ± 0.67 kg were used for the experiment. The experimental diets comprised of T1 = 58% of graded Acacia nilotica pod + 40% of wheat bran; T2= 38% of Acacia nilotica pod + 60% of wheat bran; T3=19% of Acacia nilotica pod + 80% wheat bran; T4= Commercial concentrate. Wheat bran is offered as a source of energy supplements. Six goats were randomly assigned to one of the four diets in Completely Randomized Block Design (RCBD). After 15 days of acclimatization periods, feeding trial had lasted for 90 days and followed by seven days of digestibility trial. The results indicated that goats supplemented with T1 consumed higher (P < 0.001) total DM, CP and ME than T2 and T3. The apparent CP digestibility coefficient showed significant variations (P < 0.001) among experimental diets. Conversely, the nutrient digestibility coefficients indicated that goats supplemented with T1 digested more CP than T2 and T3. Likewise, goats supplemented with T1 had attained higher (P < 0.01) ADG than those supplemented with T2 and T3. Results indicated that strategic supplementation of goats with 58% inclusion level of Acacia nilotica pod in goat diets as a protein supplements is promising to replace commercial concentrate in pastoral communities in to study area.
Abstract: The study was conducted to evaluate supplementation effect of graded levels of Acacia nilotica pod meal on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and weight gain of Boer and Woyto-Guji (50%) crossbred goats. Twenty four Boer and Woyto-Guji crosses with initial weight of 15.20 ± 0.67 kg were used for the experiment. The experimental diets compri...
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