Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (<i>Anacardium occidentale</i> L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal

Fatou Dieng; Daouda Ngom; Djiby Dia; Mouhamed Rassoul Sy; Seydou Ndiaye; Mohamadou Dieye

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12

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Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal

Fatou Dieng, Daouda Ngom, Djiby Dia, Mouhamed Rassoul Sy, Seydou Ndiaye, Mohamadou Dieye

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 8, Issue 5)

Received: 7 July 2020 Accepted: 24 July 2020 Published: 24 September 2020

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Abstract

Cashew nuts are one of the main cash crops that compete strongly with groundnuts and cotton in Senegal. However, there is no clear scientific evidence to confirm or refute this argument, so this fact is not widely known. This raises a knowledge gap and justifies the need to analyze the nut quality. Raw cashew nut qualities were evaluated using the Out-turn and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Twelve samples of nuts were taken from producers, processors, buyers, and exporters in the four production regions in Senegal. The main quality criteria studied are: Kernel Output Ratio (KOR), Defect Rate (DR), Kernel Yield (KY) and moisture content. The results showed that the highest KOR was recorded in the nuts sourced from Ziguinchor region (45 ± 6 lbs) while the lowest was noted in nuts from Fatick region (38 ± 9). The KORs for the Kolda (42 ± 8 lbs) and Sedhiou (42 ± 5 lbs) regions are similar. The tests indicated a good quality of Senegalese cashew nuts. The average over the whole sample is 42 ± 9 lbs per 80 kg lot compared to international standards which vary from 40 to 50 lbs per 80 kg lot. Kernel yield is 24% compared to 22% applied by the largest manufacturers in Asian and South American countries. Nut Count is 193 ±40 grains per kilogram compared to 190 grains per kilogram applied by some industrial exporters. The average moisture content is 8%, confirming the international standards. The political implication of these results is that in addition to consolidating the quality of the production, it is essential to emphasize the valorization of the kernel through processing in order to create more added value, employment, and wealth for Senegal.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 8, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12
Page(s)	190-197
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Raw, Cashew Nut, Production, Kernel, Quality, KOR, Senegal

References

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APA Style

Fatou Dieng, Daouda Ngom, Djiby Dia, Mouhamed Rassoul Sy, Seydou Ndiaye, et al. (2020). Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 8(5), 190-197. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12

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ACS Style

Fatou Dieng; Daouda Ngom; Djiby Dia; Mouhamed Rassoul Sy; Seydou Ndiaye, et al. Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal. Am. J. Agric. For. 2020, 8(5), 190-197. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12

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AMA Style

Fatou Dieng, Daouda Ngom, Djiby Dia, Mouhamed Rassoul Sy, Seydou Ndiaye, et al. Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal. Am J Agric For. 2020;8(5):190-197. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12,
  author = {Fatou Dieng and Daouda Ngom and Djiby Dia and Mouhamed Rassoul Sy and Seydou Ndiaye and Mohamadou Dieye},
  title = {Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {190-197},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20200805.12},
  abstract = {Cashew nuts are one of the main cash crops that compete strongly with groundnuts and cotton in Senegal. However, there is no clear scientific evidence to confirm or refute this argument, so this fact is not widely known. This raises a knowledge gap and justifies the need to analyze the nut quality. Raw cashew nut qualities were evaluated using the Out-turn and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Twelve samples of nuts were taken from producers, processors, buyers, and exporters in the four production regions in Senegal. The main quality criteria studied are: Kernel Output Ratio (KOR), Defect Rate (DR), Kernel Yield (KY) and moisture content. The results showed that the highest KOR was recorded in the nuts sourced from Ziguinchor region (45 ± 6 lbs) while the lowest was noted in nuts from Fatick region (38 ± 9). The KORs for the Kolda (42 ± 8 lbs) and Sedhiou (42 ± 5 lbs) regions are similar. The tests indicated a good quality of Senegalese cashew nuts. The average over the whole sample is 42 ± 9 lbs per 80 kg lot compared to international standards which vary from 40 to 50 lbs per 80 kg lot. Kernel yield is 24% compared to 22% applied by the largest manufacturers in Asian and South American countries. Nut Count is 193 ±40 grains per kilogram compared to 190 grains per kilogram applied by some industrial exporters. The average moisture content is 8%, confirming the international standards. The political implication of these results is that in addition to consolidating the quality of the production, it is essential to emphasize the valorization of the kernel through processing in order to create more added value, employment, and wealth for Senegal.},
 year = {2020}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal
AU - Fatou Dieng
AU - Daouda Ngom
AU - Djiby Dia
AU - Mouhamed Rassoul Sy
AU - Seydou Ndiaye
AU - Mohamadou Dieye
Y1 - 2020/09/24
PY - 2020
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12
T2 - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP - 190
EP - 197
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-8591
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12
AB - Cashew nuts are one of the main cash crops that compete strongly with groundnuts and cotton in Senegal. However, there is no clear scientific evidence to confirm or refute this argument, so this fact is not widely known. This raises a knowledge gap and justifies the need to analyze the nut quality. Raw cashew nut qualities were evaluated using the Out-turn and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Twelve samples of nuts were taken from producers, processors, buyers, and exporters in the four production regions in Senegal. The main quality criteria studied are: Kernel Output Ratio (KOR), Defect Rate (DR), Kernel Yield (KY) and moisture content. The results showed that the highest KOR was recorded in the nuts sourced from Ziguinchor region (45 ± 6 lbs) while the lowest was noted in nuts from Fatick region (38 ± 9). The KORs for the Kolda (42 ± 8 lbs) and Sedhiou (42 ± 5 lbs) regions are similar. The tests indicated a good quality of Senegalese cashew nuts. The average over the whole sample is 42 ± 9 lbs per 80 kg lot compared to international standards which vary from 40 to 50 lbs per 80 kg lot. Kernel yield is 24% compared to 22% applied by the largest manufacturers in Asian and South American countries. Nut Count is 193 ±40 grains per kilogram compared to 190 grains per kilogram applied by some industrial exporters. The average moisture content is 8%, confirming the international standards. The political implication of these results is that in addition to consolidating the quality of the production, it is essential to emphasize the valorization of the kernel through processing in order to create more added value, employment, and wealth for Senegal.
VL - 8
IS - 5
ER -

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Author Information

Fatou Dieng

Department of Agroforestry, Assane Seck University, Diabir, Ziguinchor, Senegal
Daouda Ngom

Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal
Djiby Dia

Bureau d’Analyses Macro-Economiques, Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles, Bel Air Route des Hydrocarbures, Dakar, Senegal
Mouhamed Rassoul Sy

Bureau d’Analyses Macro-Economiques, Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles, Bel Air Route des Hydrocarbures, Dakar, Senegal
Seydou Ndiaye

Department of Agroforestry, Assane Seck University, Diabir, Ziguinchor, Senegal
Mohamadou Dieye

Bureau d’Analyses Macro-Economiques, Institut Senegalais de Recherches Agricoles, Bel Air Route des Hydrocarbures, Dakar, Senegal

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Fatou Dieng, Daouda Ngom, Djiby Dia, Mouhamed Rassoul Sy, Seydou Ndiaye, et al. (2020). Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 8(5), 190-197. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12

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Fatou Dieng; Daouda Ngom; Djiby Dia; Mouhamed Rassoul Sy; Seydou Ndiaye, et al. Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal. Am. J. Agric. For. 2020, 8(5), 190-197. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12

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AMA Style

Fatou Dieng, Daouda Ngom, Djiby Dia, Mouhamed Rassoul Sy, Seydou Ndiaye, et al. Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal. Am J Agric For. 2020;8(5):190-197. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12,
  author = {Fatou Dieng and Daouda Ngom and Djiby Dia and Mouhamed Rassoul Sy and Seydou Ndiaye and Mohamadou Dieye},
  title = {Evaluation of Quality Raw Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) Nuts from Major Cashew Producing Regions of Senegal},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {190-197},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20200805.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20200805.12},
  abstract = {Cashew nuts are one of the main cash crops that compete strongly with groundnuts and cotton in Senegal. However, there is no clear scientific evidence to confirm or refute this argument, so this fact is not widely known. This raises a knowledge gap and justifies the need to analyze the nut quality. Raw cashew nut qualities were evaluated using the Out-turn and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method. Twelve samples of nuts were taken from producers, processors, buyers, and exporters in the four production regions in Senegal. The main quality criteria studied are: Kernel Output Ratio (KOR), Defect Rate (DR), Kernel Yield (KY) and moisture content. The results showed that the highest KOR was recorded in the nuts sourced from Ziguinchor region (45 ± 6 lbs) while the lowest was noted in nuts from Fatick region (38 ± 9). The KORs for the Kolda (42 ± 8 lbs) and Sedhiou (42 ± 5 lbs) regions are similar. The tests indicated a good quality of Senegalese cashew nuts. The average over the whole sample is 42 ± 9 lbs per 80 kg lot compared to international standards which vary from 40 to 50 lbs per 80 kg lot. Kernel yield is 24% compared to 22% applied by the largest manufacturers in Asian and South American countries. Nut Count is 193 ±40 grains per kilogram compared to 190 grains per kilogram applied by some industrial exporters. The average moisture content is 8%, confirming the international standards. The political implication of these results is that in addition to consolidating the quality of the production, it is essential to emphasize the valorization of the kernel through processing in order to create more added value, employment, and wealth for Senegal.},
 year = {2020}
}

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