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Profile Distribution of Micronutrients and Their Interrelationships with Related Soil Properties in Typical Cultivated Lands
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
210-219
Received:
31 August 2022
Accepted:
21 September 2022
Published:
4 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221006.11
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Abstract: Profile distribution of micronutrients: cupper, manganese, iron, zinc, boron and molybdenum and related properties were investigated in soils developed in central Ethiopian cultivated lands at a depth of 0–150 cm in five different intervals from six profiles. Results showed that the micronutrient contents under instigations were much differentiated across soil profiles and sites. Though, the pattern of changes differ, the pH, clay content, bulk density, Mn, B and Mo were found to increase irregularly from topsoil to subsoil, whereas the organic carbon, Cu, Fe and Zn showed decreasing trends of change with depth. The results of investigation also revealed a relative larger accumulation of clay in the underlying horizon than topsoil. Correlation among the micronutrients and related soil properties also varied significantly with depth. The observed higher percentage of OC, Cu, Fe and Zn in the topsoil than the underlying layer may indicate the roles biomass recycling and rates may have played in their vertical distribution. More generally, among the analyzed soil properties, soil pH was found to be the most important factor influencing the micronutrients concentration in soils. Therefore, from annual crops production point of view, for those nutrients that are fairly abundant in subsoil, deep-tillage operations like sub-soiling are expected to bring their available forms to top-layers for plants uptake or recycling. Deep capture of nutrients by tree-roots like that in the agroforestry system can also recycle nutrients leached to deeper layers, thus improving nutrient use efficiency, thereby reducing potential environmental impacts. In general, the results of such vertical patterns of nutrient elements variability can yield insights into the patterns and processes of nutrient cycling over time: at small, medium or large-scales.
Abstract: Profile distribution of micronutrients: cupper, manganese, iron, zinc, boron and molybdenum and related properties were investigated in soils developed in central Ethiopian cultivated lands at a depth of 0–150 cm in five different intervals from six profiles. Results showed that the micronutrient contents under instigations were much differentiated...
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Explore the Profile Distributions and Patterns of Macronutrients and Related Soil Properties and Their Interrelationships in Cultivated Agricultural Lands
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
220-229
Received:
16 September 2022
Accepted:
18 October 2022
Published:
4 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221006.12
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Abstract: The present investigations determined the vertical distribution and patterns of macronutrients and related soil properties in lands cultivated for wheat and/or faba-bean in the central Ethiopia. It also sought the interrelationships among the investigated soil variables. In doing so, in three representative locations, 30 soil samples were collected at five depth intervals from six profiles/pedons at (0–120 cm range), each profile representing a site. Results showed important variations in the soil properties across profiles and sites owing to multitude of factors. Though, the pattern of changes differ, the soil pH, SO42-, CEC and base-cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+) were found to increase irregularly with depth, whereas the organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN) and available P showed decreasing trends of change. Correlations among soil properties also varied significantly from topsoil to subsoil, though such relations are quite different when only topsoil (0–20 cm) depth intervals are considered. Furthermore, the particle size analysis showed an increasing percentage of clay with depth, possibly owing to the clay-illuviation. Most importantly, the increased levels of soil variable like K+, SO42- & Na+ with depth may indicate that they are easily leachable in the soil system. However, the observed higher levels of OC, TN and P in the top-layer than the underlying horizons may indicate the role the biomass recycling and rates have played in their vertical distribution. Overall, for nutrients that are fairly abundant in the subsoil than topsoil, deep-tillage operation like sub-soiling are recommended to bring their available forms to top-layers for shallow rooted plants uptake and/or recycling. Deep capture of the nutrients by tree-roots (e.g., the agroforestry system) can also be practiced to recycle nutrients from deeper layers thereby improving nutrients’ use efficiency; and reducing the potential environmental impacts over time (i. e., in small, medium or large) time-scales.
Abstract: The present investigations determined the vertical distribution and patterns of macronutrients and related soil properties in lands cultivated for wheat and/or faba-bean in the central Ethiopia. It also sought the interrelationships among the investigated soil variables. In doing so, in three representative locations, 30 soil samples were collected...
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Performance of Korean Anther Culture Derived Rice (O. sativa L.) Across Agro-ecological System of Nigeria
Efisue Andrew Abiodun,
Kyung Ho Kang,
Lee Sang Bok
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
230-237
Received:
13 October 2022
Accepted:
31 October 2022
Published:
22 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221006.13
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Abstract: Genotype by environment interactions is very important to plant breeders in the development of an improved varieties, as increase in world rice production will depends on the development of new cultivars with high yield and stable performance across diverse environments. The objective of this study is to identify high yielding genotypes that could be deployed to environmental specific and those across all environments. Multi-environmental trials (METs) were established at five locations (Akabba, Bakin Rijiya, Buba, Duduguru and Keffi) in Nassarawa state in the north central region of Nigeria. The genetic materials used for the MET comprised 10 anther culture varieties from Korea and two released varieties and one popular local variety in randomized complete block design in three replications. Plot size of 3m x 3m at a spacing of 20cm within and between rows. The analysis of variance for the combined trials showed that the genotypes, environments, and genotypes-by-environment interaction were highly significant and as well the grain yield and its components. Genotypes expressed better performance in some environments like Duduguru as compared to others and variability is one of the most important factors in plant breeding. The results showed that the most stable genotypes across locations were NERICA4, UPN268, UPN257 and UPN234 and the most unstable genotype was UPN347, but the local check (Mata Mallam) was stable but low yielding, its stability could be one of the major reasons the local farmers were still cultivating Mata Mallam. These results showed that genotypes of anther-culture derived rice from Korea were very promising and stable across the ecosystems tested in Nigeria.
Abstract: Genotype by environment interactions is very important to plant breeders in the development of an improved varieties, as increase in world rice production will depends on the development of new cultivars with high yield and stable performance across diverse environments. The objective of this study is to identify high yielding genotypes that could ...
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Combining Ability and Heritability of Yield Components of Segregating Population of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Vincent Ochieng Otieno,
Andrew Abiodun Efisue,
Malachy Akoroda
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
238-249
Received:
13 October 2022
Accepted:
31 October 2022
Published:
22 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221006.14
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Abstract: Combining ability analysis aids in identifying parents with good trait in the desired direction for various targeted traits, and provides information on the relative importance and magnitude of additive and non-additive types of gene action in trait expression. This study was carried out to determine the combining abilities and heritability for grain yield and grain yield components of segregating population of rice. A total of 78 genotypes of rice were used in this experiment, which included 59 F1 hybrids developed through North Carolina II mating design together with their parents, and adapted check. The experiment was conducted using alpha lattice design, with two replications. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences between genotypes, indicating the presence of genotype variation. The GCA exhibited high significance with the days to 50% flowering, leaf area, leaf area index, and all the traits under study, while SCA showed significant effects with the number of days to 50% flowering and 1000 grain weight. Broad-sense heritability showed higher results for days to 50% flowering at 0.97, and narrow-sense heritability showed the highest value of 0.81 for panicle length. The cross UPN 349 × NERICA 2 recorded 57.5 days very early. FARO 52 displayed a positive significant GCA effect when used as male parent under grain yield. Panicle weight (0.39489) and number of grains per panicle (0.64909) showed positive significant correlation with the grain yield. For grain yield and the majority of studied traits, non-additive genetic variance was found to be greater in magnitude than the corresponding additive variance.
Abstract: Combining ability analysis aids in identifying parents with good trait in the desired direction for various targeted traits, and provides information on the relative importance and magnitude of additive and non-additive types of gene action in trait expression. This study was carried out to determine the combining abilities and heritability for gra...
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Effect of Different Types of Fertilizers on the Growth of Vivo MD2 Pineapple Plants in Nursery
Cherif Mamadou,
Kanga N’guessan Martial,
Tuo Seydou,
Bomisso Edson Lezin,
Kouamé Konan Didier,
Camara Brahima,
Kone Daouda
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
250-255
Received:
8 October 2022
Accepted:
10 November 2022
Published:
29 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221006.15
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Abstract: The supply of pineapple rejects is a constraint for pineapple producers. However, pineapple has several techniques for the production of sprouts. The in vivo production technique is accessible to farmers and allows to produce homogeneous plants. However, the time required to grow the vivo plants is long and does not allow farmers to have the plants within a short period of time. The present study was initiated to improve the growth of MD2 pineapple live plants in the nursery. Thus, the effect of fertilizers on the growth of pineapple live plants in the nursery was evaluated with four types of fertilizers, F0: the neutral control; F1: biofeed base (solid biological fertilizer); F2: solid urea; F3: liquefied urea and F4: nutrigofol (foliar fertilizer). The trials were set up in a Fisher block design with three replications. The results obtained showed that the growth of vivo plants is influenced by the type of fertilizer tested. The F1 fertilizer gave the best results for all the parameters studied. Thus with F1, an average height of 40 cm was obtained at the 12th month of the experiment. The number of living leaves was 45. The leaf emission was 6 leaves. The mass of the plants and their roots was respectively 428 and 60 g. The survival rate was 100%. The lowest values were obtained in the untreated plants (F0). There was a strong correlation between the mass and the number of leaves possessed by the reject with R = 0.79. At the end of this study, organic fertilizers in solid form should be recommended and the approximate determination of the mass of the shoot ready to be transplanted in the field will be done by simple counting of the number of living leaves, that is between 40 and 50 leaves.
Abstract: The supply of pineapple rejects is a constraint for pineapple producers. However, pineapple has several techniques for the production of sprouts. The in vivo production technique is accessible to farmers and allows to produce homogeneous plants. However, the time required to grow the vivo plants is long and does not allow farmers to have the plants...
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Study on Modification of Green Adhesives Derived from Plant Proteins for Wood Composite Panels
Kun Zhang,
Wei Zhang,
Yan Ma,
Ren Zhong Liu,
An Mao,
Qi Li
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
256-261
Received:
21 November 2022
Accepted:
30 November 2022
Published:
8 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221006.16
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Abstract: The wood-based panel industry in China is developing rapidly, and the demand for wood is growing day by day. However, due to the insufficient supply of wood under the natural forest protection policy, finding other ways to reasonably and efficiently use wood resources has become an important way to solve the shortage of wood. Adhesives play a key role in the wood-based panel industry. The preparation of plywood, particleboard, fiberboard, blockboard and other wood-based panels cannot be separated from the participation of wood adhesives. At present, the most widely used wood adhesive in China is still "trialdehyde adhesive". However, the "trialdehyde adhesive" is mainly composed of nonrenewable resources such as petroleum, and the adhesives made from formaldehyde and its derivatives will more or less release harmful substances such as formaldehyde in the application process, causing pollution to the production and living environment and endangering human health. With the continuous depletion of petroleum resources and the increasing attention paid to environmental protection, it is of great scientific significance and practical value to develop a new environment-friendly adhesive with renewable biomass as the main raw material. The use of plant proteins such as soybean and cottonseed as the main raw materials for preparing adhesives can not only reduce the cost of adhesives, but also break through the supply and demand constraints of traditional petrochemical raw materials and make use of biomass resources with high added value. Based on the above research background, this paper reviewed the research progress and common modification methods of plant protein adhesives mainly composed of soybean and cottonseed, and put forward opinions and suggestions for the future development of plant protein adhesives.
Abstract: The wood-based panel industry in China is developing rapidly, and the demand for wood is growing day by day. However, due to the insufficient supply of wood under the natural forest protection policy, finding other ways to reasonably and efficiently use wood resources has become an important way to solve the shortage of wood. Adhesives play a key r...
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Honey Sector Economic Analysis in the Area of Nahouri in Burkina Faso
Soumaïla Sawadogo,
Awa Krou Malam Boukar,
Souglimpo Omer Combary,
Fabio Berti
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 6, November 2022
Pages:
262-267
Received:
30 October 2022
Accepted:
15 December 2022
Published:
29 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajaf.20221006.17
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Abstract: Burkina Faso has many classified forests that are home to a diversity of species which provide non-timber forest products (NTFP), including honey. This paper aims at demonstrating the economic efficiency of the honey sector in the province of Nahouri in Burkina Faso. The methodological approaches used in the study are the library research and socio-economic surveys of 53 beekeepers from six villages impacted by the creation of the corridor, namely Bourou, Kollo, Ouallème, Saro, Tiakané and Yaro. The SWOT analysis showed that beekeeping is a profitable activity and constitutes a good opportunity for income diversification. However, the beekeeping activity is limited by the archaic technique used. As for the economic analysis following the matrix of the exploitation account, it showed that the "average beekeeper" realizes an exploitation result of 73,250 FCFA per annum, since his operational expenses amount to 34,750 FCFA, while his exploitation products amount to 108 000 FCFA per annum. The analysis of the prices and margins of marketing of the honey of Nahouri shows that the big beekeepers record a coefficient multiplier more powerful than the small and average beekeepers, because of their weak capacity to finance the operational expenses which represent 33% of the products. For a social and economic promotion of the sector, it would be imperative to consider community support actions to beekeepers through the introduction of modern techniques.
Abstract: Burkina Faso has many classified forests that are home to a diversity of species which provide non-timber forest products (NTFP), including honey. This paper aims at demonstrating the economic efficiency of the honey sector in the province of Nahouri in Burkina Faso. The methodological approaches used in the study are the library research and socio...
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