Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Some Smoked Foodstuffs in Lagos State, Southwest, Nigeria
Tajudeen Adejare Aderibigbe,
Chijioke Olisah,
Olasupo Sabitu Babatunde
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
31-35
Received:
26 April 2017
Accepted:
15 May 2017
Published:
18 July 2017
Abstract: The smoked food samples (Smoked fish, roasted yam, sharwama, suya, roasted plantain and roasted corn) were sampled from retail outlets in Lagos State, Nigeria. The analysis was carried out with a Gas Chromatography (GC) – Flame Ionization Detector (FID) equipped with auto sampler. The results of sixteen PAHs in the studied smoked food shows that PAHs of low molecular weight such as acenaphthene and anthracene were detected in all the food samples. High molecular weight PAHs such as fluoranthene, pyrene and benzo (a) anthracene were also detected. Five and six membered ring PAHs benzo (k) fluoranthrene, benzo (a) pyrene, indenol (1, 2, 3) perylene, dibenzo (a, h) anthracene and benzo (g, h, i) perylene were not detected in all the food samples. Total PAHs concentrations determined in smoked food samples were: smoked fish 0.3303 Mg/Kg, roasted yam 0.2456 Mg/Kg, sharwama 0.4508 Mg/Kg, suya 0.4762 Mg/Kg, roasted plantain 0.1844 Mg/Kg and roasted corn 0.1719 Mg/Kg. The sum of the total fraction of PAHs in smoked food samples calculated according to their rings number and percentage. A two-ring PAHs (naphthalene) was not detected in all the samples except in roasted plantain with 20.6%. A three-ring PAHs recorded the highest percentage of the total PAHs constituting 87.2% in smoked fish, 43.8% in roasted yam, 81.9% in sharwama, 83.3% in suya, 37.5% in roasted plantain and 67.4% in roasted corn. While a four- ring PAHs constitute 12.8% in smoked fish, 56.2% in roasted yam, 18.1% in sharwama, 16.7% in suya, 41.9% in roasted plantain and 32.7% in roasted corn.
Abstract: The smoked food samples (Smoked fish, roasted yam, sharwama, suya, roasted plantain and roasted corn) were sampled from retail outlets in Lagos State, Nigeria. The analysis was carried out with a Gas Chromatography (GC) – Flame Ionization Detector (FID) equipped with auto sampler. The results of sixteen PAHs in the studied smoked food shows that PA...
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Some Degree-Based Topological Indices of Base-3 Sierpiński Graphs
Xiujun Zhang,
Hong Yang,
Yingying Gao,
Mohammad Reza Farahani
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
36-41
Received:
3 June 2017
Accepted:
4 July 2017
Published:
31 July 2017
Abstract: In this paper, a recursive relation between base-3 Sierpiński graphs rank n and n-1 of some topostructural indices is studied. Based on this relation, The formulae of the First Zagreb index, Second Zagreb index, Randić connectivity index, sum-connectivity index, Geometric-Arithmetic index and Atom-Bond Connectivity index of base-3 Sierpiński graphs are derived.
Abstract: In this paper, a recursive relation between base-3 Sierpiński graphs rank n and n-1 of some topostructural indices is studied. Based on this relation, The formulae of the First Zagreb index, Second Zagreb index, Randić connectivity index, sum-connectivity index, Geometric-Arithmetic index and Atom-Bond Connectivity index of base-3 Sierpiński graphs...
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The Application of Current Requirement Test in Large Oil Field Station
Zhou Bing,
Han Wen-li,
Zhang Ying-ying,
Guo Ji-yin,
Zhao Yu-fei,
Zhang Yan-jun
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, June 2017
Pages:
42-46
Received:
7 August 2017
Published:
7 August 2017
Abstract: Up till now, the local cathodic protection renewal of oil & gas field station can be only designed based on previous experience. Therefore, it may lead to some facilities out of protection and inhomogeneous distribution of potential. What is worse is that it can cause mutual interference with surrounding systems, resulting in the malfunction of the cathodic protection system. Through the current requirement test, the current density for the effective protection of storage tanks and pipelines can be obtained. Besides, the type and distribution of the anode ground bed can also be optimized. Thanks to the above calculation and optimization, the protection efficiency of the cathodic protection system can be significantly improved. In this paper, on-site current requirement test was conducted in a large oil field station. The simulation of the cathodic protection system was conducted in certain area separately so as to confirm the minimum current density value required for the effective cathodic protection and the potential distribution in certain area, all of which would benefit the redesign and renewal of the local cathodic protection system in the reservoir area.
Abstract: Up till now, the local cathodic protection renewal of oil & gas field station can be only designed based on previous experience. Therefore, it may lead to some facilities out of protection and inhomogeneous distribution of potential. What is worse is that it can cause mutual interference with surrounding systems, resulting in the malfunction of the...
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