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Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Compounds Filled with Carbonized Palm Kernel Husk and Carbon Black (N330)
Egwaikhide,
A. P.,
Okieimen,
F. E.,
Lawal. U.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, December 2013
Pages:
50-55
Received:
26 June 2013
Published:
20 October 2013
Abstract: Palm kernel husk carbon obtained from agricultural waste, were incorporated into natural rubber using a laboratory size two-roll mixing mill. For comparison purposes, commercial reinforcing filler, carbon black (N330) was also used. The effect of these fillers on cure characteristic and physico –mechanical properties of natural rubber materials at various filler loading, ranging from 0-80hpr, was investigated. Curing using a semi-efficient vulcanization was chosen and cure studies were carried out on a Monsanto Rheometer. The results indicated that carbonized palm kernel husk filler caused lower Mooney viscosity, shorter cure time, improved hardness, higher compression set values, but decreased tensile strength and tear strength, but show no significant change in abrasion resistance in comparison with the natural rubber materials. Overall results showed that palm kernel husk carbon can be used as cheaper filler for natural rubber materials where improved physical-mechanical properties are not critical.
Abstract: Palm kernel husk carbon obtained from agricultural waste, were incorporated into natural rubber using a laboratory size two-roll mixing mill. For comparison purposes, commercial reinforcing filler, carbon black (N330) was also used. The effect of these fillers on cure characteristic and physico –mechanical properties of natural rubber materials at ...
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Metal-based Antimicrobial Agents: Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Studies of Mannich Base Derivatives of Benzimidazole and Their Metal Complexes
Misbah ur Rehman,
Muhammad Imran,
Muhammad Arif,
Muhammad Farooq
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, December 2013
Pages:
56-66
Received:
28 October 2013
Published:
20 November 2013
Abstract: Novel Mannich base derivatives of Benzimidazole were prepared through the condensation reaction of benzimidazole derivative with formaldehyde and primary and/ secondary amine. Zinc(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of Mannich bases have also been synthesized. All the compounds were fully characterized by, elemental analyses, magnetic moment determination, molar conductivity measurement, thermogravimetric analysis, spectral and analytical data. Experimental results showed that metal complexes act as bi-dentate ligands towards divalent metal ions via azomethine-N and deprotonated-O while suggesting an octahedral geometry. All the compounds were screened for in-vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity against various bacterial and fungal strains. Almost all the compounds showed good potent activity against microorganisms. It was also seen that compounds with complexed form were more active as compared to un-complexed form. The prepared compounds were also screened for their cytotoxicity and results showed that only Ni(II) complexes exhibit some cytotoxicity while all other compounds were almost inactive.
Abstract: Novel Mannich base derivatives of Benzimidazole were prepared through the condensation reaction of benzimidazole derivative with formaldehyde and primary and/ secondary amine. Zinc(II), copper(II), nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of Mannich bases have also been synthesized. All the compounds were fully characterized by, elemental analyses, magn...
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Evaluation of Disease Resistance Potential of Diorganotin Complexes in Some Bacteria and Fungi
Savita Belwal,
R. V. Singh
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, December 2013
Pages:
67-73
Received:
5 December 2013
Published:
10 January 2014
Abstract: The reaction of diphenyltin dichloride and dimethyltin dichloride with the ligands of Schiff base lead to the formation of a new series of bioactive organotin (IV) complexes. The isolated products are coloured solids soluble in most of the organic solvents. The bonding and coordination behaviour of these compounds are discussed by the support of electronic, infrared and multinuclear magnetic resonance (1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR) spectral studies. These investigations suggest that the ligands act in a bidentate manner, coordination through the sulphur and nitrogen atoms. Trigonal bipyramidal geometry is proved for 1:1 metal complexes and hexacoordinated geometry is assigned for 1:2 metal complexes. All the complexes are monomeric in nature as indicated by their molecular weight determinations. Conductivity measurements show them to be non-electrolyte as the conductance values in DMF lie in the range of 10-12 ohm-1 cm2 mol-1. Schiff bases and their corresponding organotin complexes have also been screened for their antifungal and antibacterial activities and found to be quite active in this respect. Testing of ligands and their organotin complexes for disease resistance have been successfully studied in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results were quite encouraging and these were compared with the standard pesticides Bavistin and Streptomycin.
Abstract: The reaction of diphenyltin dichloride and dimethyltin dichloride with the ligands of Schiff base lead to the formation of a new series of bioactive organotin (IV) complexes. The isolated products are coloured solids soluble in most of the organic solvents. The bonding and coordination behaviour of these compounds are discussed by the support of el...
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Activation of Bentonite and Application for Reduction pH, Color, Organic Substance, and Iron (Fe) in the Peat Water
Muhammad Naswir,
Susila Arita,
Marsi,
Salni
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 5, December 2013
Pages:
74-82
Received:
2 December 2013
Published:
30 January 2014
Abstract: Chemical composition of bentonite may undergo change if when given treatment with ion exchange or by activation. Activation that is often used is thermal activation and chemical activation, in this study used activator is 6% HCl. Bentonite is used as the sample obtained in five villages in the district. Sample preparation is done by the process of drying with sunlight and oven, then puree and add HCL at 6% for 10 hours, drained, washed with distilled water until pH> 6, dried in an oven at 120oC for 6 hours. Bentonite is already inactive characterization by means of XRD and SEM-EDS, then tested for its ability to reduce the parameters pH, color, Organic Matter, TDS and Fe in the peat water. Measurement parameters pH by using a pH meter, organic substance, color and iron (Fe) with a spectrophotometer method and gravimetric solute done. The results showed that the addition of bentonite which is activated as much as 3 ml gr/500 peat water can reduce the concentration of color 84.10%, 80.50% and the organic matter content of iron (Fe) up 79.25%, activation with HCl 6% parameter is significant in reducing water peat and bentonite are added the more the greater its ability to reduce peat water parameters. ANOVA results showed that the addition of bentonite did not affect the pH and TDS peat water well is not activated bentonite and activated on the real level λ = 0.05, this is because bentonite having a pH below 5.0 and dropped after activation with strong acids . The ability of bentonite to absorb organic substances, iron and water color on peat caused by bentonite has a layered structure, containing of silica and alumina, bentonite and colloidal power expands the strong and have cations that can be exchanged, which converge in mineneral monmorrilonit, kaolinite, quartz and cristobalit
Abstract: Chemical composition of bentonite may undergo change if when given treatment with ion exchange or by activation. Activation that is often used is thermal activation and chemical activation, in this study used activator is 6% HCl. Bentonite is used as the sample obtained in five villages in the district. Sample preparation is done by the process of...
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