-
Interference Fringe Patterns in Documentation on Works of Art: Application on Structural Diagnosis of a Fresco Painting
Vivi Tornari,
Anastasia Tsigarida,
Varvara Ziampaka,
Fotini Kousiaki,
Eleni Kouloumpi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
1-15
Received:
29 November 2016
Accepted:
29 December 2016
Published:
2 February 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajad.20170201.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: In an interferometry process the successful recording of interference fringes is the primary purpose. A successful interference fringe pattern is formed under strict boundary experimental conditions to provide a high contrast light distribution record. The physical significance of interference fringe patterns is highly evaluated for its high spatial information content and therefore it is explored in many fields of applied science and engineering. Among the most recently explored application domains is the field of Cultural Heritage. The fringe pattern significance is examined as to provide an accurate qualitative and quantitative measuring method to investigate, interpret, document and diagnose existing structural condition and influencing effects on the structure's integrity especially in concern of artworks. These are irreplaceable treasures of human creativity and as such are treated under ethical perspectives of humanities regardless the commercial value they represent; as such in order to evaluate the structural condition maximum image recording resolution and spatial reactions' sensitivity are key factors for diagnostic analysis and documentation. In interference application for art conservation the fringe pattern formation provides a unique information source and measurement capabilities far beyond current practices. In this context a laser based interferometry system is considered most suited to documenting the structural condition of movable/immovable artworks and in the presented application the provided properties are explored to understand and evaluate on the structural documentation of artworks.
Abstract: In an interferometry process the successful recording of interference fringes is the primary purpose. A successful interference fringe pattern is formed under strict boundary experimental conditions to provide a high contrast light distribution record. The physical significance of interference fringe patterns is highly evaluated for its high spatia...
Show More
-
Weight and Material Optimization of Mono Leaf Spring for Light Weight Vehicle
Dhiraj K. Bhandarkar,
Ambeprasad Kushwaha
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
16-20
Received:
17 January 2017
Accepted:
13 February 2017
Published:
4 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajad.20170201.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Of late, Fiber glass composite mono leaf spring has become the ‘in thing’ in spring design for light weight vehicles. Better strength, stiffness & light weight are the plus points of such mono leaf springs. It has higher strength to weight ratio than multi-leaf springs. In comparison with conventional leaf springs, composite mono leaf spring much lowers stress, higher nature frequency & lower spring weight.
Abstract: Of late, Fiber glass composite mono leaf spring has become the ‘in thing’ in spring design for light weight vehicles. Better strength, stiffness & light weight are the plus points of such mono leaf springs. It has higher strength to weight ratio than multi-leaf springs. In comparison with conventional leaf springs, composite mono leaf spring much l...
Show More
-
Valuation of the Character of Olmec State
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
21-23
Received:
12 January 2017
Accepted:
29 January 2017
Published:
4 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajad.20170201.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The remains and relics left by the Olmec people show that the Olmec people had formed a class state and lived in their own way. However, the agreement on the development level of Olmec state has not been reached. Many scholars assert that the state of Olmec was an archaic state. However, if we analyse the city remains and relics created by the Olmec people again, in compared with the early states existed in the cradles of ancient civilization including Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, we can find out some grounds that the state of Olmec was a slave state reached onto a certain level emerged from the stage of archaic state.
Abstract: The remains and relics left by the Olmec people show that the Olmec people had formed a class state and lived in their own way. However, the agreement on the development level of Olmec state has not been reached. Many scholars assert that the state of Olmec was an archaic state. However, if we analyse the city remains and relics created by the Olme...
Show More
-
Thoreau’s Ecocriticism: An Improved Means to Unimproved Ends
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
24-29
Received:
28 December 2016
Accepted:
14 February 2017
Published:
6 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajad.20170201.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The point of this paper is to foster an awareness of the varied uses to which scholars are putting the term ‘ecocriticism’ in varied perspectives today. Thoreau’s Walden is such indisputable literary monument on environmental literature to explore, upkeep and strengthen interest in establishing pragmatic relationship between the human and natural worlds. Thoreau lived simply without “modern improvements” which he called “improved means to unimproved ends.” This displays how one places oneself in the nature world, understands nature, and the environmental aspects to cast-off materialism. Thoreau rejects what is profane and superficial but pleads nature as the storehouse of sincerity and impartiality. He proves that society creates loneliness and fear, which can be dispelled by content with Nature. A man is never alone if he is aware of his non-human relationships. The paper perhaps is a seminal attempt to make some evolution toward fostering and legitimizing the sweats of ecocritics in ecocriticism (across) milieu. It sufficiently accounts for the personal connection and sense of responsibility towards self, society, literary studies and nature. Thoreau’s Walden elevates the concept of ecocriticism further to have interdisciplinary impact beyond prejudice to create a ‘universal discipline’ to discuss, innovate and create healthy literature-environment anthology to live in for progenies. This convinces intellectuals to pursue an interest in ecology while enduring literary professionals. Thoreau’s belief in nature sets new tenets that address the major ecological concerns to see it ‘greening’ to prevent ‘The Endangered Earth- a virulent veracity’ tomorrow.
Abstract: The point of this paper is to foster an awareness of the varied uses to which scholars are putting the term ‘ecocriticism’ in varied perspectives today. Thoreau’s Walden is such indisputable literary monument on environmental literature to explore, upkeep and strengthen interest in establishing pragmatic relationship between the human and natural w...
Show More
-
Comparison of Caravanserais of Azerbaijan and Isfahan Based on Ghanli Bolagh Caravanserai in Ardabil and Madar Shah Caravanserai in Isfahan
Hashem Hamrahi,
Zohreh Keshavarzi Nejad Manshad
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 1, March 2017
Pages:
30-37
Received:
3 February 2017
Accepted:
16 February 2017
Published:
7 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajad.20170201.15
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Iran of the Safavid period played a very important communicational role in international traffic. In this period, the northern route of the Silk Road, which was mainly a fixed route, began from China, passing through cities such as Azerbaijan and Isfahan in Iran, reached other countries, including Europe. Safavid kings, especially Shah Abbas, commanded to build a dense network of roads with numerous caravanserais for military and economic reasons. Due to the economic boom and communication with other communities such as Europe, export of a variety of goods such as silk was abundant in this period. For the prosperity of the caravan in this period, caravanserais with many roads such as Silk Road were reconstructed and built. Among these are caravansaries built in mountainous areas of Azerbaijan and central regions of Iran, especially Isfahan. The present study aims to compare the caravansaries of the two areas mentioned in terms of their plan and materials and investigate the effect of the different climate of these two regions on the construction of these buildings. According to the results of this study obtained from the case study of Ghanli Bolagh caravanserai of Azerbaijan and its comparison with Shah Madar caravanserai in Isfahan, the caravanserais of these two regions are different in terms of plans and materials that is because of the effect of different climates. Caravanserai in mountainous areas generally have a small central courtyard and a dense tissue to prevent the penetration of cold weather and building materials are mainly of stone and brick, while the caravanserais of the central region (Isfahan), for relatively dry climate, have a cistern and a large central courtyard and the main materials are clay and brick.
Abstract: Iran of the Safavid period played a very important communicational role in international traffic. In this period, the northern route of the Silk Road, which was mainly a fixed route, began from China, passing through cities such as Azerbaijan and Isfahan in Iran, reached other countries, including Europe. Safavid kings, especially Shah Abbas, comma...
Show More
