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Nutritional Constraints of Legumes and the Role of Novel Food Processing Technologies to Enhance Their Nutritional Values
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
30-43
Received:
27 April 2021
Accepted:
23 June 2021
Published:
23 July 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20210203.11
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Abstract: Legumes contain high amount of essential nutrients. It is the cheapest source of protein for the millions of people in developing countries. However, this interesting crop contains nutritional constraints, which reduce the bioavailability of both macronutrient and micronutrient, and limits its utilization in household and industrial level. The main nutritional constraints commonly found in legumes are trypsin inhibitor, protease inhibitor, oxalate, phytic acid, saponin, tannins, polyphenol lectins, and flatulence causing oligosaccharides. Some of this nutritional constraint reduces mineral bioavailability and absorption, protein and starch digestibility. This causes both macronutrients and micronutrients malnutrition among people those consumed as stable food. Furthermore, continuous consumption of nutritional constraints threats health of consumer. To eliminate the problem of nutritional constraints and enhance nutritional values of legumes, various processing techniques and method are used. These techniques are soaking, boiling, roasting fermentation and germination, were used since ancient time. Today, besides them the novel food processing technology such as microwave cooking, autoclaving cooking, and extrusion cooking are used. However, still further research is needed to reduce the level of to reduce the level of nutritional constraints in legumes food. Therefore, this review aimed to update information of nutritional constraints of legumes and role novel food processing technologies to enhance their nutritional values of legumes.
Abstract: Legumes contain high amount of essential nutrients. It is the cheapest source of protein for the millions of people in developing countries. However, this interesting crop contains nutritional constraints, which reduce the bioavailability of both macronutrient and micronutrient, and limits its utilization in household and industrial level. The main...
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An Exploration of Strategies Used to Learn EFL/ESL: A Phenomenological Study
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
44-49
Received:
4 April 2021
Accepted:
26 August 2021
Published:
23 September 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20210203.12
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Abstract: The study was phenomenological that used to explore strategies used to learn EFL/ESL among five PhD candidates and I, the researcher, myself. It is phenomenological study that particularly focuses on the lived experiences of learners in their strategy used to learn English as a foreign or second language. The five candidates were selected purposefully to investigate the strategies they had been used to learn English language at their secondary or primary education levels comparing with the strategies I had been used at the same stage. In this research, phenomenology methodology was adopted as a research design to collect data and to explore the issue in detail. Interview as a research tool was used to investigate the lived experiences. Based on the study, these findings were identified as strategies that help learn English easily are family support, practice, translation method, memorization, experience sharing and readings as learning strategies students frequently used to learn English as a FL or SL. The study also confirmed that the first language learning strategies support the second/foreign language learning not hindrance.
Abstract: The study was phenomenological that used to explore strategies used to learn EFL/ESL among five PhD candidates and I, the researcher, myself. It is phenomenological study that particularly focuses on the lived experiences of learners in their strategy used to learn English as a foreign or second language. The five candidates were selected purposefu...
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Application of Aquacrop and CropWat Models for Estimating Crop Water Requirements and Irrigation Scheduling for Hot Pepper in Metekel Zone
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
50-63
Received:
26 August 2021
Accepted:
22 September 2021
Published:
30 September 2021
DOI:
10.11648/j.advances.20210203.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The model simulation is a simplification of the field processes. In metekel zone understanding how much and when to irrigate their crops is proplems of farmers. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of pepper for the study area to solve the problem. Crop, soil physical and chemical, collected long-term daily climatic and irrigation water quality data, used for crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling using CropWat and AquaCrop models. The result revealed that maximum Crop water requirementof pepper (799.9 mm) was estimated in Guba and minimum ETc pepper (632.2 mm) was estmimated in Bullen using CropWat Model. However, using AquaCrop model the maximum ETc of pepper (779.5 mm) and minimum ETc of pepper (591.3mm) was estimated in Wembera. Moreover, it observed that the irrigation scheduling with a fixed interval criterion for pepper 7 days with 21 irrigation events, has been determined. Among the performance indicators, root mean square error normalized values of pepper was 3.2%, and nash-sutcliffe efficiency index values of pepper was 0.99 and prediction error values of pepper were 0.02, -0.08, -0.06, 0.03, -0.07, in Pawe, Mandura, Guba, Bullen, Wembera respectively. This show that AquaCrop model used to simulate crop water requirements of pepper with relatively similar results as CropWat in Metekel zone.
Abstract: The model simulation is a simplification of the field processes. In metekel zone understanding how much and when to irrigate their crops is proplems of farmers. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the crop water requirement and irrigation scheduling of pepper for the study area to solve the problem. Crop, soil physical and chemical, co...
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