The Qualities of Albanian Soft Wheat Genotypes – the Mathematical Approach
Artiona Laze,
Valentina Arapi,
Vladimir Malo,
Janja Kristl,
Silva Grobelnik Mlakar,
Lato Pezo
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, July 2015
Pages:
11-17
Received:
28 May 2015
Accepted:
9 June 2015
Published:
11 June 2015
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate some of the soft wheat genotypes cultivated in Albania, concerning the technological and rheological characteristics of the produced dough, in regard to further cultivation. The obtained results for the soft lines of wheat collected during the summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 showed high contents of protein (13.36% - 17.42%), also strong water absorption capacity (59.70%-67.40%) with high values of Mixolab parameter C2 (0.24Nm–0.54Nm), thus predicting good protein quality and very strong gelatinization C3 (1.42Nm–1.96Nm). With the exception of genotype PZA 4, the other genotypes were characterized by quite high viscosity when cold (retro gradation) (1.54Nm–2.96Nm). The statistical evaluation showed that wet gluten content has a statistically significant negative correlation with Mixolab parameters C2 (r = -0.607, p ˂ 0.01), while the stabilities of the dough showed statistically significant correlation with protein content and gluten index (r = -0.543 and r = 0.551, respectively).
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate some of the soft wheat genotypes cultivated in Albania, concerning the technological and rheological characteristics of the produced dough, in regard to further cultivation. The obtained results for the soft lines of wheat collected during the summer seasons of 2013 and 2014 showed high contents of protein ...
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The Investigation of Zinc-Dependent Enzymes in Pregnant Women and their Correlation to Zinc Deficiency
Entela Treska,
Alma Daja,
Zhani Treska
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, July 2015
Pages:
18-28
Received:
1 June 2015
Accepted:
12 June 2015
Published:
15 June 2015
Abstract: Zinc is present throughout the body in low concentration, but in most tissues. It performs multiple critical functions and must be supplied at adequate levels consistently or deficiency states will result, from mild to severe. Zinc deficiency is insufficient zinc to meet the needs of biological organisms. Due to its essentiality, a lack of this trace element leads to far more severe and widespread problems. Enzymes are large biological molecules responsible for the thousands of chemical inter-conversions that sustain life. Enzymes are usually very specific as to which reactions they catalyze and the substrates that are involved in these reactions. Complementary shape, charge and hydrophilic/ hydrophobic characteristics of enzymes and substrates are responsible for this specificity. Specimens were collected at the University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology “Queen Geraldine” in Tirana, Albania during a period of time from year 2011 to 2013. We took into consideration 500 cases of pregnant women from first to third trimester of pregnancy. Serum zinc was measured by using Photometry (End-Point) method, whereas zinc enzymes such as Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Gamma-glutamyl Transpeptidase, Lactate Dehydrogenase, Creatine Kinase, Aspartate Amino-Transferase, Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase, Lipase measured with the corresponding methods: Beckman Synchron LX20, Colorimetric ab102523 kit, GenWays GGT kit, nonradioactive colorimetric LDH kit, Max Discovery, Colorimetric kit, Abcam kit and Biovision kit. From 500 cases taken into consideration, 190 pregnant women (38%) had normal zinc values (70 – 120 mcg/dl) 58 pregnant women (11.6%) had zinc levels between 60 – 69.9 mcg/dl, patients which were identified as pregnant women with zinc deficiency, as a consequence of oral contraceptive use; 252 pregnant women (50.4%) with zinc values < 60 mcg/dl, identified as patients with zinc deficiency, a result of malnutrition and also urinary elimination of digestive liquids; 56 pregnant women (11.2%) with zinc values < 30 mcg/dl, identified as patient with definite deficiency as a result of different diseases like acrodermatitis enteropathica ect. According to these results, there was a positive correlation between zinc and enzymes such as ALP, CK and LDH in pregnant women suffering from hypertension, whereas a negative correlation of zinc to enzymes such GGT, AST and GPT in cases with anemia. Zinc prophylactic treatment is important before and during pregnancy. Without a proper nutritional requirement the person falls in the state of zinc deficiency.
Abstract: Zinc is present throughout the body in low concentration, but in most tissues. It performs multiple critical functions and must be supplied at adequate levels consistently or deficiency states will result, from mild to severe. Zinc deficiency is insufficient zinc to meet the needs of biological organisms. Due to its essentiality, a lack of this tra...
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The Strategy of Growth and Economic Development in Indonesia
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, July 2015
Pages:
29-32
Received:
19 June 2015
Accepted:
1 July 2015
Published:
2 July 2015
Abstract: Economic development became something expensive for countries retarded. Therefore, they must establish a strategy to overcome barriers that exist in the country. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the theories and strategies in economic development so that it can be understood by the reader. Strategies to overcome obstacles and build a country's economy, among others, is the theory of low-level equilibrium trap, cumulative causation theory, the cycle of poverty, the strategy of critical minimum effort, and balanced development strategy. These strategies can actually be implemented. However, not all countries can do so because of various obstacles. It requires a long time and substantial capital expensive even for underdeveloped countries.
Abstract: Economic development became something expensive for countries retarded. Therefore, they must establish a strategy to overcome barriers that exist in the country. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of the theories and strategies in economic development so that it can be understood by the reader. Strategies to overcome obstacles and b...
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