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Saltwater Intrusion - An Evident Impact of Climate Change in the MD and Propose Adaptable Solutions
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
1-8
Received:
15 October 2016
Accepted:
9 November 2016
Published:
5 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.11
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Abstract: Mekong Delta (MD) is the main rice growing area in Vietnam. However, it is facing with climate change including increasing temperature, drought, salinization during dry season and flood in rainy season. Salinization and drought have been seen very clearly in this region since late 2015 and early 2016. Many areas of rice and vegetables, fruit trees and seafood are lost, livelihood of many farmers are affected. Objectives of this study are to assess the impact of salinization in MD and to propose essential strategies in response to climate change by macro organizations and suggest alternative agricultural production systems adapted to climate change in order to help farmers and related agricultural agencies to apply for livelihood security of the rural population. This study paper applies the method of literature review, drawing remarks from a large set of data, documents and reports from research institutions and from research and development projects by non-governmental and governmental organizations. Moreover, the solutions are also based on directly interviewing farmers, relevant government officers, extension staffs, and companies and by directly observed the impact of climate change in the MD. The result displayed the impact of climate change in the MD clearly reflected by saltwater intrusion; the constraints and challenges caused by climate change in the agricultural production systems in the coastal provinces of MD, in details in the 3 ecological zones of fresh water, brackish water and saltwater; summary of strategic solutions and actions to adapt to climate change including an emphasis on opportunities and challenges for Vietnam’s rice sector and finally proposed alternative agricultural systems to cope with adverse impacts of climate change in the MD. The author has proposed ten (10) alternative agricultural systems to help ensure the livelihood of the rural population in salinization affected areas.
Abstract: Mekong Delta (MD) is the main rice growing area in Vietnam. However, it is facing with climate change including increasing temperature, drought, salinization during dry season and flood in rainy season. Salinization and drought have been seen very clearly in this region since late 2015 and early 2016. Many areas of rice and vegetables, fruit trees ...
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Use of Coal Mine Dust as an Improved Subgrade Material in Road Construction
Md. Akhtar Hossain,
Md. Shahadul Islam,
Md. Rokibul Alam Rakib
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
9-23
Received:
4 November 2016
Accepted:
21 November 2016
Published:
27 December 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.12
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Abstract: Coal mining operation results in two general types of by-products. One is coarse coal refuse and another is fine coal refuse which is also termed as coal mine dust. In coal mine during the mining process a lot of coal mine dust produce. Proper disposal of this is a great problem. This research investigated on the use of nontraditional construction materials, specifically coal mine dust as an engineering material in subgrade of road construction. This investigation consist of performing laboratory tests to determine the engineering properties of the coal mine dust available at coal mine site. Along with the coal mine dust, local sand also used for improving the geotechnical properties of their mixture. MDD and CBR values were performed at first for coal mine dust and local sand sample alone and then for coal mine dust with sand in different proportions. Then the result is compared with the requirements of LGED, Bangladesh to find out the suitable samples for road sub-grade. So, according to the results found and “Road Pavement Design Manual-1999”, it may be recommended that 30% coal mine dust mixed with 70% sand would be suitable for road subgrade construction.
Abstract: Coal mining operation results in two general types of by-products. One is coarse coal refuse and another is fine coal refuse which is also termed as coal mine dust. In coal mine during the mining process a lot of coal mine dust produce. Proper disposal of this is a great problem. This research investigated on the use of nontraditional construction ...
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Application of Clay Minerals to Decrease Hazard of Heavy Metals in Some Egyptian Soils
Wahba M. M.,
Rahim I. S.,
Zaghloul M. A.
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
24-31
Received:
22 November 2016
Accepted:
13 December 2016
Published:
3 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.13
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Abstract: The hazards of potential toxic elements are aggravated by their almost indefinite persistence in the environment. Heavy metals cannot be destroyed but can only be transformed from one oxidation stage or organic complex to another. In this study, the sorption behavior of Pb+2, Zn+2 and Ni+2 affected soils onto natural Zeolite and bentonite treated soils have been studied in order to evaluate these remediation materials as natural materials applied in different contaminated soil (calcareous and sand) ecosystems. Kinetic approach using electrical Stirred Flow Unit (ESFU) devise method was used to evaluate the minimizing hazards of pollutants released from the remediated soils. The rate constants of Hoerl's and Elovich kinetic models were determined in remediated soil which was drastically influenced by the concentrations of PTEs found in soils, amount of sand minerals and the type of soil used. The obtained results indicated that according to higher coefficient of determinations R2 and lower standard error SE, the rate of potential toxic elements PTE's in control or treated soils were mach fitted to Elovich and Horel's kinetic models compared to other tested. The numerical values of rate constants indicated that in natural materials, Zeolite has a sorption capacity to studied PTE's more than bentonite used. Also, results showed that sorption of pollutants on treated soils depend on pollutants charge density and hydrated ion diameter. According to the kinetic studies, the selectivity of pollutants to be sorbed on clay minerals take the order Zn+2>Ni2+>Pb2+. On the other hand the quantity of adsorbed heavy metals was in the sand soil more than calcareoussoils due to the charges on the surface sand particle and the big surface area. This study suggests that using of available natural materials could be an economic and promising alternative solution in contaminated soils to minimize hazards of such PTE's. Different mechanisms take place in removing of PTEs from the used soils were reported.
Abstract: The hazards of potential toxic elements are aggravated by their almost indefinite persistence in the environment. Heavy metals cannot be destroyed but can only be transformed from one oxidation stage or organic complex to another. In this study, the sorption behavior of Pb+2, Zn+2 and Ni+2 affected soils onto natural Zeolite and bentonite treated s...
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Evaluation of Sequential Application of Herbicides for Broad and Grass Weed Management in Durum Wheat, Ethiopia
Zahara Mohammed,
Shugute Addisu
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
32-36
Received:
16 December 2015
Accepted:
25 December 2015
Published:
9 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.14
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Abstract: Studies were carried out on the evaluation of Sequential Application of herbicides for broad and grass weed management in durum wheat at Debre Zeit, Akaki and Alem Tena Districts, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia under main season condition, during 20012-14 for two years to evaluate the efficacy of different post emergence herbicides on weeds. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three replications, with plot size of 3.60m x 4m (14.4m2). Four different herbicides were applied as post emergence via: 2, 4-D and Flurasulam (75g/L, Flumelsulam (100g/L) (Derbi175 SC) herbicides were applied at 28days after crop emergence with rate of (1 L/ha and 0.06L/ha) respectively, Pyroxsulam (Pallas*45 OD) and Mesosulfuron methyl+Iodosulfuron methyl sodium (Atlantis 37.5 OD) at 35days after crop emergence with rate of (0.45 L/ha and l L/ha). Twice hand weeding as standard check and an untreated control was also included in the trial. All herbicides significantly decreased weed population over control and maximum grain yield were recorded from sequential herbicidal applications of 2, 4-D and Pyroxsulam, followed by Flurasulam (75g, Flumelsulam (100g/l) (2849 and 2818 kg/ha) respectively. All the herbicidal applications out yielded the control. It is thus recommended that an integration of Pyroxsulam (Pallas*45 OD) and (Mesosulfuron methyl+Iodosulfuron methyl sodium) Atlantis 37.5 OD and 2, 4-D and Flurasulam (75g/L, Flumelsulam (100g/L) (Derbi175 SC) for offering control of broad leaf and grassy weeds and increase grain yield of wheat.
Abstract: Studies were carried out on the evaluation of Sequential Application of herbicides for broad and grass weed management in durum wheat at Debre Zeit, Akaki and Alem Tena Districts, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia under main season condition, during 20012-14 for two years to evaluate the efficacy of different post emergence herbicides on weeds. The e...
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Economic Assessment of Rice Production in Sindh, Pakistan
Shoaib Ahmed Wagan,
Luan Jingdong,
Xiao Shuangxi,
Sanaullah Noonari,
Irfana Noor Memon,
Qurat Ul Ain Memon,
Ghulam Hussain Wagan
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 1, November 2016
Pages:
37-42
Received:
1 December 2016
Accepted:
17 December 2016
Published:
12 January 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajere.20160101.15
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Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the production cost and revenue of rice crop in Sindh Pakistan. Primary data was collected from 60 growers of rice crop from Taluka Dokri District Larkana. The study focused on the determinants the cost of production, yield and revenue of rice crop. The result shows that overall cost rice was 60991Rs/Acre and yield was obtained from rice as 68.74 mounds per acre. Gross revenue was received by the rice growers as 68434 Rs/Acre. Study results further indicate that rice growers obtained gross margin as 28197.1 Rs/acre, but there were some problems facing by farmers in study area such as water shortage problem, high price of inputs, marketing problems, low price of output. Due hardworking of farmers and by proper Land management and timely use of quality inputs enhances the rice yield.
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to analyze the production cost and revenue of rice crop in Sindh Pakistan. Primary data was collected from 60 growers of rice crop from Taluka Dokri District Larkana. The study focused on the determinants the cost of production, yield and revenue of rice crop. The result shows that overall cost rice was 60991Rs/Acre and yie...
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