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The Correlation Between Helicobacter pylori SeroPositive Patients and Throat Infection
Hiba Orsud,
Ahmed Elmontaser Omer Mergani,
Suliman Elsanousi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
19-25
Received:
4 November 2020
Accepted:
16 November 2020
Published:
9 July 2021
Abstract: Heliocobacter pylori besides being the cause of chronic gastritis it was shown be implicated in various extra gastric manifestation. Gastric juice infected with H. pylori might have important role in upper respiratory tract. However it has not been elucidated. Therefore this study aim to clarify whether H. pylori play a role in the etiology and pathogenesis of throat infection. 307 volunteers were participated in this study. Throat swabs from tonsils and oropharynx were collected, conventional bacteriological methods were applied for identification of pathogenic bacteria, followed by PCR confirmation. Along with, serum sample were collected for determination of anti-H. pylori IgG titer by quantitative ELISA method. Prior ICT antibody-based screening test were performed. Simultaneously questionnaire data form from our participants were collected for statistical analysis. This study was designed as case control study. From throat swabs Streptococcus pyogenes was the most common in our isolates. The mean of IgG antibody titer was 95.21 RU/ml, the positive samples for IgG was quite 88.2%. Clinical respiratory symptoms were observed only in 9.7% of participants in this study 89% of them confirmed with H. pylori. Statistical data showed very high significant correlation between pathogenic bacteria S. pyogenes and H. pylori infection.
Abstract: Heliocobacter pylori besides being the cause of chronic gastritis it was shown be implicated in various extra gastric manifestation. Gastric juice infected with H. pylori might have important role in upper respiratory tract. However it has not been elucidated. Therefore this study aim to clarify whether H. pylori play a role in the etiology and pat...
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Adult Tetrology of Fallot: A Doppler Echocardiographic Finding
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
26-28
Received:
5 March 2021
Accepted:
18 March 2021
Published:
9 July 2021
Abstract: In TOF the morphological abnormalities are – overriding of aorta, pulmonary obstruction, right ventricular hypertrophy and ventricular septal defect. Normally it is nonrestrictive means free communications between the ventricles but sometimes very rarely it can become restrictive when the tricuspid valve restrict the flow across the ventricular septal defect. Among children with CHD 10% of them report TOF. Chest radiographs usually show a normal-size heart silhouette, with an upturned apex and a concave main pulmonary artery segment, commonly known as “boot-shaped” heart. On the electrocardiogram, it is common to see signs of right atrial enlargement and right ventricular hypertrophy showing right axis deviation, prominent R waves anteriorly and S waves posteriorly, upright T wave in V1 (abnormal after 7 days of life up to 10 years of age) and a qR pattern in the right precordial leads. If the ration between pulmonary artery orifice diameter to aortic orifice diameter is <.3 primary repair is unsuccessful and in that case we must go for shunt surgeries which are palliative procedures till permanent repair can be done. This should add proper assessment of coronary artery origin. This is a case of adult tetralogy of fallot (TOF) coming to outpatient department of cardiology with complaints of chest discomfort and sometimes cyanotic spells. Age of the patient is 42 years male. Doppler Echocardiography was done. In the image overriding of aorta was found around 20% over interventricular septum. Left sided aortic arch was detected along with ventricular septal defect (VSD) with size 14 mm. Size of pulmonary orifice 10 mm and that of aortic orifice was 22 mm. Hence pulmonary artery orifice was found to get stenosed.
Abstract: In TOF the morphological abnormalities are – overriding of aorta, pulmonary obstruction, right ventricular hypertrophy and ventricular septal defect. Normally it is nonrestrictive means free communications between the ventricles but sometimes very rarely it can become restrictive when the tricuspid valve restrict the flow across the ventricular sep...
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Effect of Normobaric Hyperoxia Preconditioning on VEGF and Endostatin Levels in the Rat Stroke Model
Meisam Shah Hoseini,
Pegah Sedghi Pilehroud,
Mohammad Reza Bigdeli
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
29-37
Received:
1 August 2021
Accepted:
31 August 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It is also the second rationale of disability, after Dementia. Interestingly, pre-conditioning can have a beneficial effect on stroke that increases ischemic tolerance in tissues. In this paper, we have shown that normobaric hyperoxia (HO) protects the rat brain from ischemia injury by changing in VEGF and endostatin levels. Animals were divided into three groups: the first group was exposed to 95% oxygen for 4 hours for 6 days, the second group was in room air, and the third group was sham. MCAO-operated were subjected to 60 minutes of MCAO. After 2 days from pre-treatment and 24 hours reperfusions, neurologic deficit score (NDS) and infarct volume (IV) were evaluated. We have measured VEGF and Endostatin levels of core, penumbra and sub-cortex regions. Pre-conditioning with HO decreased NDS (p<0.002) and IV (p<0.019). Our data indicated that VEGF levels were increased in core and penumbra areas (p<0.000, 0.015, respectively) and Endostatin levels were reduced in penumbra, sub cortex and core of HO subgroups (p<0.004, 0.007, 0.000, respectively). Although further studies are needed to clarify ischemic tolerance induced by HO, alterations of VEGF and Endostatin levels may have a role in neuroprotective effects.
Abstract: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. It is also the second rationale of disability, after Dementia. Interestingly, pre-conditioning can have a beneficial effect on stroke that increases ischemic tolerance in tissues. In this paper, we have shown that normobaric hyperoxia (HO) protects the rat brain from ischemia injury by changing...
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Reliability of Transthoracic Echocardiography to Guide Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defects
Sadiq Al-Hamash,
Khalid Ahmed Khalid,
Omar Zidane Khalaf
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
38-42
Received:
14 May 2021
Accepted:
3 June 2021
Published:
5 November 2021
Abstract: Introduction: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is used for the pre-interventional assessment of atrial septal defects (ASDs). However, the efficacy of TTE for guiding transcatheter closure of ASD still has not been widely assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, and reliability of TTE in pre selecting ASDs for transcatheter closure using the Occlutech Figulla ASD occluder. Patients & methods: This was a prospective study carried out between April 1, 2019 and February 1, 2020. Forty-nine patients were referred for transcatheter closure of their ASDs at mean age of 22±18 years and mean weight of 36±17 kg. TTE was used to measure the largest ASD diameter in different views. The device diameter used for closure was chosen based on the largest diameter obtained by TTE plus 3-5 mm if ASD < 20 mm, and 5-6 mm if ASD > 20 mm. Results: The patients divided into two groups according to the size of ASD, group A when the size of the defect was < 20 mm, and group B when the size of the defect was > 20 mm. The average size of the defects for group A 16±4 mm, and 28±6mm for group B. the average size of the devices used was 19±5mm, and 33±7 mm for group A and B respectively. Transcatheter closure of ASD was successful in 41 patients (83.6%), and failed in 8 patients (16.4%). In 7 out of the 8 failed cases, the closure was achieved successfully using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guidance and one patient, was referred for surgical closure due to an acute complication due to large pericardial effusion and tamponade that resulted from injury to the left atrial appendage. The successful rate for selection of the appropriate ASD device was 83.6%. Conclusion: this study demonstrated that TTE is satisfactory & reliable in selecting the appropriate ASD device size & in guiding transcatheter closure of ASD.
Abstract: Introduction: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is used for the pre-interventional assessment of atrial septal defects (ASDs). However, the efficacy of TTE for guiding transcatheter closure of ASD still has not been widely assessed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy, and reliability of TTE in pre selecting ASDs for transcatheter...
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The Relationship Between eNOS Gene Expression and Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Depression
Mahsa Khosrogardi,
Mahsa Mohammad Amoli
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
43-49
Received:
2 September 2021
Accepted:
26 September 2021
Published:
10 November 2021
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder caused by hyperglycemia which is the most common form of diabetes and causes impairment in insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Increased inflammatory elements such as eNOS can be associated with type 2 diabetes and depression. Therefore, the above study investigated the effect of eNOS gene expression on diabetes-related depression in patients with types 2 diabetes. This study is of case-control type. The participants of this study are those who referred to the diabetes outpatient clinic of Shariati Hospital. The present study was performed on 50 male and female patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression, and 50 type 2 diabetic patients without depression as a control group. RNA extraction from blood was performed by a unique test kit and finally, gene expression was measured using quantitative Real-Time-PCR and NanoDrop spectophotometers. The expression of nitric oxide synthase gene in patients with type 2 diabetes and depression increased compared to people with type 2 diabetes without depression, which was not statistically significant (p>0.05). Regarding the increase of this enzyme in the case group, it can be said that the concentration of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species such as Superoxide (O2-), Nitric oxide (NO) and Peroxynitric acid (HNO4) can increase in conditions such as inflammation that inhibit the body’s natural defense and antioxidant activities. The present study showed that increased eNOS expression level is associated with post-diabetes depression. Therefore, it can be a good treatment goal for type 2 diabetic patients with depression.
Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder caused by hyperglycemia which is the most common form of diabetes and causes impairment in insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Increased inflammatory elements such as eNOS can be associated with type 2 diabetes and depression. Therefore, the above study investigated the effect of eNOS ge...
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Shock: Pathophysiology, Stage, Classification, and Treatment
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, December 2021
Pages:
50-55
Received:
7 December 2021
Accepted:
27 December 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: Shock is a state of resulting from an indented state of multiple important body works owing to decreased tissue perfusion. It is a circumstance that could menace life. Progressive stage of shock means failing compensatory mechanisms and the body’s compensatory mechanisms weaken to vindicate tissue perfusion. Hypovolemic shock is a circumstance of insufficient organ perfusion caused by destruction of intravascular volume, ordinarily acute. Distributive shock is a state of comparative hypovolemia sequencing from affiliated to pathology spread to other areas of the perfect intravascular volume and is more common form of shock. Dextran has considerable merits over distinctive types of colloids for the initial shock treatment owing to its antithrombotic properties whereby cell satisfactory is obviated and the occurrence of systematic circulations is decisively de-escalated. Drugs that de-escalate the hearts workload and pain such as morphine or fentanyl relieve anxiety or regulate heart rhythm. Vasopressor medications such as dopamine, norepinephrine, which are medications that constrict blood vessels and assists, escalate blood pressure. High amount of IV fluids very quickly and bestowing medications that will escalate the blood pressure to escalate blood flow to the rest of the body and organs.
Abstract: Shock is a state of resulting from an indented state of multiple important body works owing to decreased tissue perfusion. It is a circumstance that could menace life. Progressive stage of shock means failing compensatory mechanisms and the body’s compensatory mechanisms weaken to vindicate tissue perfusion. Hypovolemic shock is a circumstance of i...
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