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Effect of Blended Fertilizer and Lime Application Rates on Grain Yield and Yield Component of Maize (Zea mays L.) in Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone South-western, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
98-103
Received:
3 June 2021
Accepted:
14 July 2021
Published:
22 July 2021
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the important food security crops and play significant role in the live hood of most Ethiopians. However, yields are low primarily because of low soil fertility and use of inappropriate fertilizer rates. This study was therefore; conducted to determine optimum rates of blended fertilizer under limed and un limed condition of acid soil on Maize in Omo Nada District, Jimma Zone Southwestern, Ethiopia during 2017 main cropping season. The amount of lime that was applied at each location was calculated on the basis of the exchangeable acidity. The experiment used seven treatments; Control, NPS, NPSB, NPSB plus Recommended rate of Lime, NPSB plus 0.75* recommended rate of Lime, NPSB plus 0.50* recommended rate of Lime and NPSB plus 0.25 * recommended rate of lime were laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated across seven farmers’ fields in each location. Application of lime was dramatically improved soil pH from 4.5 to 5.28. yield and yield components of Maize were significantly affected by integrated use of blended fertilizer and lime. Accordingly, Plant height, Grain Yield, Biomass Yield, Harvest Index and thousand kernel weight of Maize were obtained with application of NPSB plus recommended rate of Lime. Higher net return 15914 Ethiopia birr /ha with marginal rate of return of 557% of Maize was obtained with application of NPSB plus Recommended rate of Lime. Thus, integrated use of NPSB plus Recommended Lime is recommended for Maize production in acid soil of Omo Nada district and similar agro ecologies.
Abstract: Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the important food security crops and play significant role in the live hood of most Ethiopians. However, yields are low primarily because of low soil fertility and use of inappropriate fertilizer rates. This study was therefore; conducted to determine optimum rates of blended fertilizer under limed and un limed condit...
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Growth, Phenology and Yield Component of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes as Affected by Fertilizer Types Under Acidic Soil
Hailu Hameso,
Waleligh Worku,
Tewodros Ayalew
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
104-109
Received:
14 June 2021
Accepted:
10 July 2021
Published:
22 July 2021
Abstract: Field experiment was conducted on acidic soil of Hagereselam, southern Ethiopiain 2019 cropping season to evaluate the growth and yield component formation performance of barley genotypes under different inorganic fertilizer types. Treatment consisting of four fertilizer types (control, NP, NPS and NPSB) and four barley genotypes (217176b, 240478, 234911b and 208855b) and one barley variety (HB- 1307) as a check laid out using a Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial arrangement with three replications Both main and interaction effects influenced days to physiological maturity, plant height, number of effective tillers m-2. However, days to heading, spike length, number of grain per spike and1000 grain weight, were only affected by main effects. Barley Genotype 217176b with NPSB fertilizer exhibited the longest plant height and better performance with regard to the remaining measured parameters. However, it did not significantly differ for the same parameters from the same genotype under NP and genotype 240478 with NPSB fertilizer application. The lowest performances were recorded from genotype 208855b with no fertilizer application. Given the fact that the performance of growth, phenology and yield components between the two genotypes in combinations either with NPSB or NP is not statistically significant, either of the two genotypes with the NPSB or NP fertilizer is very essential for appropriate production of barley under acidic soils of Hagereselam and acidic soils of similar agro-ecologies in the highlands of Ethiopia.
Abstract: Field experiment was conducted on acidic soil of Hagereselam, southern Ethiopiain 2019 cropping season to evaluate the growth and yield component formation performance of barley genotypes under different inorganic fertilizer types. Treatment consisting of four fertilizer types (control, NP, NPS and NPSB) and four barley genotypes (217176b, 240478, ...
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A Novel Standardized Inflammatory Cell-Modulated 3D Tumor Tissue Model for Analysis of Tumor-Stroma Interaction and Drug Discovery
Sabine Hensler,
Claudia Kuehlbach,
Bianka Kotkamp,
Dario Frey,
Margareta Maria Mueller
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
110-122
Received:
29 June 2021
Accepted:
21 July 2021
Published:
11 August 2021
Abstract: The last decades were marked by substantial progress in understanding the role of tumor-supporting inflammatory reactions in tumor growth and progression. While in vivo data substantiate the contribution of the inflammatory infiltrate and of tumor associated fibroblasts in promoting tumor growth and progression, little is known about the dynamic interaction of these two stromal cell types and their reciprocal influence on each other and on the tumor cells. Mechanistical analyses of these crucial interactions require a standardized and easy to manipulate environment. We therefore established a 3D organotypic in vitro model for epithelial tumors to analyze the interaction of macrophages, neutrophils and fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment of malignant tumors. In the 3D model, epithelial tumor cells are grown on a collagen type I gel containing fibroblasts, macrophages and neutrophils. Comparable to the in vivo setting, the cytokine driven interaction between macrophages and fibroblasts markedly influences invasion and enhances M2 differentiation in the presence of tumor cells. Addition of neutrophils further leads to a strikingly enhanced tumor invasion associated with an increased expression of MMP-9 and a N2 differentiation of neutrophils. Thus, this novel 3D model provides an in vivo like tissue context to analyze tumor stroma interactions and presents an excellent tool for targeted interference. As such, the model is highly suitable for pharmaceutical screening of novel therapeutics. However, the use of collagen type 1 with its known batch to batch variability as ECM equivalent prohibits the model-standardization that is needed for pharmaceutical testing. Therefore, the 3D in vitro tumor-stroma model was adapted to the use of a bioinert dextran-hydrogel providing a highly standardized and easily modifiable scaffold material that allows the recovery of cells after pharmaceutical experiments. Comparable to the collagen-based model, cells maintained their physiological proliferation, migration and differentiation. Utilizing this standardized model, the efficacy and the tissue impact of novel pharmaceuticals can be investigated in detail with respect to cell morphology, behavior, viability as well as gene expression profiles thereby providing a 3D hydrogel tumor stroma a model that is of great interest for the pharmaceutical industry.
Abstract: The last decades were marked by substantial progress in understanding the role of tumor-supporting inflammatory reactions in tumor growth and progression. While in vivo data substantiate the contribution of the inflammatory infiltrate and of tumor associated fibroblasts in promoting tumor growth and progression, little is known about the dynamic in...
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Chromosome Study of Ethiopian Bat Species (Order Chiroptera)
Bekele Serbessa Tolera,
Mulugeta Tafere Woldegebriel,
Kifle Dagne Woldegebriel
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2021
Pages:
123-130
Received:
15 July 2021
Accepted:
2 August 2021
Published:
26 August 2021
Abstract: In this study, chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 11 bat species were analyzed. The animals were captured alive by using nets and handpicking and then chromosome preparations were made from bone marrow cells with colchicines method. Bats were collected from nine localities in Ethiopia, namely: Arbaminch, Batu/Ziway, Waliso, Fiche, Bishoftu/Debre-Zeit, Sof-Umar, Koka, Merehabete and Adaba. The species name and the chromosome number (2n) with their corresponding autosomal fundamental number (FN) obtained are: Hipposideros caffer (2n = 32, FN = 60/62) and Triaenops persicus (2n = 36, FN = 60) are belong to family Hipposideridae; Chaerephon pumilus (2n = 48 and FN = 54/56) with metacentric, acrocentric and acrocentric chromosomes, Chaerephon leucogaster (2n = 48, FN = 54), and Mops condylura (2n = 48, FN = 54) are members of the family Molossidae; Pipistrellus pipistrellus (2n = 36, FN = 52) with metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes, Neoromicia nanus (2n = 36, FN = 48), Miniopterus africanus (2n = 46, FN = 54) and Scotophilus dingani (S. viridis) 2n = 36, FN = 54) with metacentric and acrocentric chromosomes are members of the family Vespertilionidae; Micropteropus pusillus (2n = 35/36, FN = 68) with all the chromosomes being biarmed belongs to family Pteropidae; Nycteris thebaica (2n = 42, FN = 78/80) with 40 biarmed and two acrocentric chromosomes is member of family Nycteridae. Totally, 15 different types of chromosome number, fundamental number and morphology were identified. C. leucogaster has not been recorded in the Ethiopian bats list before. All of these species are karyologically described for the first time from Ethiopia. Some of the karyotypic findings in the present study are in agreement with previous reports from other countries, except for the lack of report on one species (C. leucogaster). In our study, the encountered problems include: lack of karyotypic literatures on Ethiopian bats and taxonomic identification. It is recommended that more karyotypic study of bat species in the country should be done using additional techniques and due attentions should be given to the conservations of this threatened groups of animals because they are declining in diversity as well as in density.
Abstract: In this study, chromosome numbers and karyotypes of 11 bat species were analyzed. The animals were captured alive by using nets and handpicking and then chromosome preparations were made from bone marrow cells with colchicines method. Bats were collected from nine localities in Ethiopia, namely: Arbaminch, Batu/Ziway, Waliso, Fiche, Bishoftu/Debre-...
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