Study on the Prevalence of Peste Des Petits Virus Antibodies in Caprine and Ovine Through the Contrast of Serological Assessments in Sindh, Pakistan
Sindhu Baloch,
Adnan Yousaf,
Saba Shaheen,
Samia Shaheen,
Inayatullah Sarki,
Abdullah Babar,
Asfa Sakhawat,
Mamoona Arshad,
Khalil-ur-Rehman,
Shah Jahan Musakhail,
Allah Bachaya,
Faiza Habib
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
131-135
Received:
25 August 2021
Accepted:
6 September 2021
Published:
23 September 2021
Abstract: Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) is a notifiable, contagious and economically important transboundary viral disease of small ruminant causing high morbidity and mortality. It belongs to negative-sense, single-stranded RNA paramyxovirus of genus Morbillivirus. PPR occurs in populations of immunologically naive sheep and goats, illness and death can be high as >90%. It results in a high rate of morbidity and a moderate rate of mortality. After the eradication of the rinderpest virus, which is closely relate to PPRV of small ruminants contaminated with SRMV are diagnosed having pyrexia, oculo-nasal discharges, necrotizing and erosive stomatitis, gastroenteritis, diarrhea and broncho pneumonia, whereas, gross pathology, histological findings along with laboratory confirmation of specific virus antigen, antibodies, genome in the clinical samples through a variety of serological and molecular diagnostic tests can be useful. The goal of this study was to use competitive-ELISA to determine the prevalence of PPR in small ruminants in Sindh province. A total of n=5700 blood samples were taken from sheep (800) and goats (4900) in 06 Sindh districts. In the small ruminant population, the overall prevalence was found to be 27.84%. Goats were found to have a higher prevalence (28.29%) than sheep (25.13%). Prevalence in goats varied by age category, with 27.84%, 24.88%, and 34.29% in three age groups, i.e less than 1 years, 1-2 years, and more than 2 years and in sheep’s 18.75%, 23.95%, and 36.11% respectively. Females had a greater prevalence rate than males. The prevalence of PPR varies across the province's several agro-ecological zones. Tharparkar district had the greatest% age (35.38%), while Hyderabad district had the lowest (18.27%). Because PPR is endemic in Sindh, there is a pressing need for infection prevention through vaccination. PPR can be controlled through mass vaccination program. In the future, the preparation of a marker vaccine with a robust companion test may assist in serosurveillance for the detection of infection in vaccinated animals to control the disease.
Abstract: Peste-des-petits-ruminants (PPR) is a notifiable, contagious and economically important transboundary viral disease of small ruminant causing high morbidity and mortality. It belongs to negative-sense, single-stranded RNA paramyxovirus of genus Morbillivirus. PPR occurs in populations of immunologically naive sheep and goats, illness and death can ...
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In Vitro Antibacterial Activities of Methanol and Aqueous Extracts of Leaves of Carica papaya and Moringa oleifera Against Selected Human Pathogenic Bacteria
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
136-142
Received:
30 August 2021
Accepted:
14 September 2021
Published:
23 September 2021
Abstract: A medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its organs, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes. In developing countries all over the world, large numbers of people die daily of preventable or curable diseases because of the lack of even simple health care. So the study was interested entitled “In vitro antibacterial activities of methanol and aqueous extracts of leaves of Carica papaya and Moringa oleifera against selected human pathogenic bacteria”. Moringa oleifera and Carica papaya is medicinal plants which have medicinal values for the treatment of various infectious illness were interested for investigation of their antibacterial activities against E. coli and H. pylore. Two solvent types (methanol and distilled water) were used for crude extraction. The vulnerability of the pathogen to the antibacterial substances was determined using the disc diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration was determined by the broth dilution method. The results of the antibacterial activities revealed that both methanol and aqueous leaf extracts had inhibitory activities against the selected gram-positive and gram-negative test pathogens. Methanol extract of Carica papaya had the highest antibacterial activity (13.3 mm) against H. pylore, while Moringa oleifera indica exhibited the least zone of inhibition (8.2 mm) at a concentration of 150 mg/mL. The Antibacterial activities of heat treated crude extracts against the test pathogens were also determined at varying temperature (45-55°C) for a period of 30 and 60 minutes. The results revealed that at higher temperature and exposure time, there was a decrease in the zone of inhibitions. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of the methanol extracts ranged from 1.25 mg/ml - 5 mg/mL; whereas, for aqueous extracts ranged from 2.5 mg/mL -10 mg/mL. In general, this study provides base line information for further work on the search for specific active compounds from the selected plant leaf extracts against human pathogenic bacteria.
Abstract: A medicinal plant is any plant which, in one or more of its organs, contains substances that can be used for therapeutic purposes. In developing countries all over the world, large numbers of people die daily of preventable or curable diseases because of the lack of even simple health care. So the study was interested entitled “In vitro antibacteri...
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Fertilizer for Maximum Output and Growth of BJRI Tossa Pat-8
Abida Sultana,
Md Tanvir Rahman,
Md Abdul Alim,
Md Saheb Ali
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
143-146
Received:
22 September 2021
Accepted:
12 October 2021
Published:
21 October 2021
Abstract: Fertilizing in a balanced way promotes crop quality and soil health as well as crop growth and production. This study was conducted to determine the best approach of fertilization for jute production in Bangladesh in the experimental fields under Bangladesh Jute Research Institute. A randomized block design with three replications was used to set up the experiment, which included ten fertilizer treatments. The treatments were: T1 – control (no fertilization), T2- 50:10:30:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T3- 100:10:30:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T4- 150:10:30:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T5- 100:5:30:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T6- 100:15:30:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T7- 100:10:60:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T8- 100:10:90:20 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T9- 100:10:60:10 kg N:P:K:S ha-1, T10- 100:10:90:30 kg N:P:K:S ha-1. The purpose of this study was to determine what nutrition BJRI Tossa pat-8 need for optimal growth and yield. The results indicated significant effect on yield and yield contributing characters over control with different NPK and S levels of BJRI Tossa Pat-8. The highest fibre and stick yield were obtained by the combination dose of N100 Kg ha-1 with 10:60:20 kg P:K:S ha-1. The plant height, base diameter also found highest with the same treatment of fertilizer combination. Therefore this combination (T7- 100:10:60:20 kg N: P: K: S ha-1) seemed to be optimum for good growth and high potential for BJRI Tossa Pat-8 for fibre production in Bangladesh.
Abstract: Fertilizing in a balanced way promotes crop quality and soil health as well as crop growth and production. This study was conducted to determine the best approach of fertilization for jute production in Bangladesh in the experimental fields under Bangladesh Jute Research Institute. A randomized block design with three replications was used to set u...
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Review on Productive and Reproductive Performance of Different Genetic Group of Chicken in Ethiopia
Maticha Korato,
Teramaj Abebe,
Bayesa Tolasa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2021
Pages:
147-150
Received:
4 March 2021
Accepted:
2 September 2021
Published:
30 October 2021
Abstract: This review paper was conducted with the aim of reviewing productive and reproductive performance of different chicken breeds in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, chicken production plays a role as a prime supplier of eggs and meat in rural and urban area and as a source of income. As indicated current review results, indigenous chicken breeds had low productive and reproductive performance than exotic breeds. The average age at first egg ranges 6-12 months for indigenous chicken. Their egg production potential ranges 30-60 eggs per year per hen with average egg weight of 38g under village management conditions; while under intensive system they produce 80-100 eggs per year per hen. Average hatchability of eggs was 80% for indigenous chickens. On the other hand, performance of exotic differs from indigenous chickens. Average age for first egg was 5 months for exotic chicken breeds under intensive management system in Ethiopia. Exotic breeds of chicken kept under intensive condition produce around 250 eggs /year/hen with average egg weight of 50-60g; while under village production system it may go down up to 150 with average weight of egg 44g. Average hatchability of eggs was around 70% for exotic chickens in Ethiopia. Generally, this review work recommended cross breeding should be used to combine these different performances of exotic and indigenous chickens so as to create crossbreed chickens having resistance to harsh environment of Ethiopia.
Abstract: This review paper was conducted with the aim of reviewing productive and reproductive performance of different chicken breeds in Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, chicken production plays a role as a prime supplier of eggs and meat in rural and urban area and as a source of income. As indicated current review results, indigenous chicken breeds had low product...
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