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The Effect of Salinity on the Embryonic Development of the Giant Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) Under Laboratory Conditions
Erika Iolany Camacho Chuy,
Juan Lorenzo Reta Mendiola,
Eduardo Zarza Meza
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
60-67
Received:
8 April 2021
Accepted:
23 April 2021
Published:
8 May 2021
Abstract: Prawn farming is a highly profitable activity given the high level of commercial interest associated with prawn species. Macrobrachium rosenbergii, known as the giant freshwater prawn, is the largest prawn of its genus and presents great adaptability in terms of the handling it requires. Given the foregoing, research is ongoing to broaden knowledge in order to improve the quality of production for this species in northern region of the state of Veracruz, Mexico, by studying the behavior of these anadromous organisms from the first stages of life onwards. The experimental design of the present study involved placing gravid females in incubators with different levels of salinity (5,9, and 12 psu) and a control containing freshwater, with three replicas conducted per salinity treatment, giving a total of 12 experimental units with a female in each. In general terms, the results obtained showed, in general terms, a total of 13 days for the embryonic development of M. rosenbergii. Although a decreasing volume of eggs was observed as the salinity increased, the percentage of hatchings was higher at 9 psu, with 65%, than for the other salinity treatments. The results also reveal that the 12 psu treatment obtained a better survival percentage (12.06%) than the other treatments. The different biotic factors to which the organisms may be exposed are also considered in the present study.
Abstract: Prawn farming is a highly profitable activity given the high level of commercial interest associated with prawn species. Macrobrachium rosenbergii, known as the giant freshwater prawn, is the largest prawn of its genus and presents great adaptability in terms of the handling it requires. Given the foregoing, research is ongoing to broaden knowledge...
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Determination of Suitable Nursery Growth Media for Cardamom (Eletteria cardamomum Maton.) Seedlings at Teppi, Southwestern Ethiopia
Shiferaw Temteme,
Behailu Mekonnen,
Essubalew Getachew
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
68-74
Received:
12 April 2021
Accepted:
4 June 2021
Published:
22 June 2021
Abstract: Cardamom is mainly growing for its dry capsule used as a flavoring agent for food, beverages, medicinal, and source of income for the smallholder farmers in southwestern Ethiopia. Despite its advantages, the production and productivity of the crop hindered by several factors, for instance, poor agronomic practices, poor crop breeding, and management, from nursery to the main field of production. Therefore, a nursey-based experiment was conducted to identify the appropriate growth media ratios for cardamom seed germination, seedling uniformity, and vigor at Tepi, Southwestern Ethiopia. Gene cardamom variety was evaluated in six different growth media types namely; Fine Sandy Soil (FS), Forest Soil (ForS), FS: ForS (1:1), FS: DCH (Decomposed Coffee Husk) (1:1), ForS: DCH(1:1), and FS:ForS: DCH(1:1:1) and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The result revealed that better cardamom seedling growth performance and vigor were obtained from a 1:1 ratio of decomposed coffee husk + forest soil growth media. Therefore, from the result, we concluded that the mixture of decomposed coffee husk + forest soil (1:1) can be used for better cardamom seedling establishment at Tepi and similar agroecology of Ethiopia. Future, studies should focus on the seedling obtained from this soil media mixture performance in the field for yield and yield components.
Abstract: Cardamom is mainly growing for its dry capsule used as a flavoring agent for food, beverages, medicinal, and source of income for the smallholder farmers in southwestern Ethiopia. Despite its advantages, the production and productivity of the crop hindered by several factors, for instance, poor agronomic practices, poor crop breeding, and managemen...
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Preliminary Screening of Maize Accessions Against Common Rust Disease (Puccinia sorghi Schw) in Arsi Negele District, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
75-80
Received:
23 April 2021
Accepted:
15 June 2021
Published:
22 June 2021
Abstract: Maize is one of the most important crops in Ethiopia. The production of the crop is threatened by a number of biotic and a biotic factor. Among biotic factors, common rust caused by Puccinia sorghi Schw, is one of destructive foliar diseases of maize in Ethiopia. A study was conducted during the main cropping season (April to November, 2016) in the field at Arsi Negele research farm, Ethiopia with the objective of screening 92 maize accessions and 2 farmer’s verities checks against common rust disease. The experiment was laid out in augmented design with no replications. Disease assessment was done as percentage of leaf area infected on individual plant at 15 days intervals starting from 55 days after planting to cropping season for 5 times. The mean values of disease incidence, severity and AUDPC were calculated and yield recorded. The higher disease percent severity and AUDPC, least yield and thousand seed weight were observed from accessions, AN-239620, AN-9195, AN-9988, AN-9991, AN-15459, AN-15460, AN-16021, AN-18121, AN-18122 and Check-1 with mean values (63.94%, 1694.5%-in days, 3.04 to 3.69 t/ha and 240 to 297g) respectively and categorized in moderately susceptible group. Conversely, the minimum percent disease severity, AUDPC, higher yield and thousand seed weight were recorded from accessions, AN-16559, AN-9987, AN-16571, AN-18104, AN-18106, AN-18121, AN2-4297, AN-913, AN-15325 AN-15326, AN-15461, AN-16276, AN-16278, AN-241584 and AN-162383, with mean values of (31.01%, 720.4%-in days, 4.81 to 5.59 t/ha and 380 to 442g) respectively and grouped in resistant category. Therefore, accessions recorded low percent disease severity and AUDPC values could be used as the resistant varieties and source of resistance to common rust for varietal development of maize.
Abstract: Maize is one of the most important crops in Ethiopia. The production of the crop is threatened by a number of biotic and a biotic factor. Among biotic factors, common rust caused by Puccinia sorghi Schw, is one of destructive foliar diseases of maize in Ethiopia. A study was conducted during the main cropping season (April to November, 2016) in the...
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Effect of Coffee Husk Compost and NPS Fertilizer Rates on Growth and Yield of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) at Haru Research Sub-canter, Western Ethiopia
Gemechu Chali,
Tolera Abera,
Tesfaye Wakgari
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
81-87
Received:
23 March 2021
Accepted:
10 June 2021
Published:
22 June 2021
Abstract: Application of inorganic and organic fertilizers is the cheapest sources for replenishing plant nutrients in agricultural soils. However, selecting the optimum combination of these resources based on soil type and crop species were necessary. In this view, a field experiment was conducted at Haru research sub-center to assess the effect of coffee husk Compost and NPS Fertilizer rates on soil growth and yield and yield components of coffee in 2018/2019 cropping season. The treatments used were the combination of different rates coffee husk compost and NPS fertilizers rate, and laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The combined application of coffee husk compost and NPS fertilizers rate were significantly increased plant height of coffee. Coffee husk compost at (7.5 t ha-1) and NPS fertilizer at (50 kg NPS ha-1) has improved yield of coffee crop. Integrated NPS fertilizer and coffee husk compost with different rates improved coffee yield and yield components. Therefore, the use of 7.5t ha-1 coffee husk compost and 50 kg ha-1 of NPS fertilizer can be the best alternative integrated soil fertility management option in place of the sole application of inorganic fertilizers at study area tentatively. Nevertheless, in order to give conclusive recommendation further research studies are needed for more soil types and coffee crop varieties.
Abstract: Application of inorganic and organic fertilizers is the cheapest sources for replenishing plant nutrients in agricultural soils. However, selecting the optimum combination of these resources based on soil type and crop species were necessary. In this view, a field experiment was conducted at Haru research sub-center to assess the effect of coffee h...
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The Impact of Feeder Type on the Honeybee Colonies (Apis mellifera L.) and Hive Operation During Colony Feeding
Zewdu Ararso Hora,
Taye Negera,
Kibebew Wakjira
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
88-92
Received:
6 April 2021
Accepted:
29 May 2021
Published:
22 June 2021
Abstract: Several types of feeder have been used by beekeepers for feeding their colonies with sugar syrup during dearth periods. However, each feeder type has its benefits and drawbacks both for the bees and beekeepers. The effects of different feeder types on honeybee colonies well-being and their conveniences for feeding by the beekeepers were investigated. Time required to feed a colony, amount of feed consumed, number of dead bees during feeding, number of dead bees in/on the feeder when removed, disturbance and convenience based on technicians’ opinion were compared. Accordingly, significantly (p<0.000) shortest time (40.45 sec) was obtained for top feeder than bucket (71.25 sec) and frame (137.80 sec) feeders. Likewise, significantly (p<0.001) less number of dead bees (2.50) were observed while feeding a colony using top feeder as compared to bucket and frame feeders in which 5.45 and 11.00 dead bees were recorded under hive stand, respectively. Moreover, no dead bee was recorded on the top surface of top feeder compared to frame feeder in which 1.60 dead bees were counted. However, feeder type did not affect the amount of sugar syrup consumed and colony survival during the experiment. Regarding bee technicians’ opinion, top feeder is highly convenient to feed colonies with a minimum colony disturbance and reaction. Thus, the current results indicate that feeding colonies using top feeder is less time consuming, inflicts less damage to the bees, and more convenient feeding method for the beekeeper.
Abstract: Several types of feeder have been used by beekeepers for feeding their colonies with sugar syrup during dearth periods. However, each feeder type has its benefits and drawbacks both for the bees and beekeepers. The effects of different feeder types on honeybee colonies well-being and their conveniences for feeding by the beekeepers were investigate...
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Optimizing Bio-ethanol Production from Striga hermonthica Using Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) as a Fermenting Agent
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 3, June 2021
Pages:
93-97
Received:
27 April 2021
Accepted:
24 June 2021
Published:
29 June 2021
Abstract: Global warming, urban pollution and depletion of fossil fuels have been driving for looking alternative energy sources, especially those derived from biomass. Production of bio-ethanol from lingocellulosic materials is providing a long-term sustainable for fuel supply. Striga hermonthica, a parasitic weed plant is one of cheap source of lignocellosic materials to serve as feedstock for bio-ethanol production. With the objective of evaluating its potential for bio-ethanol production, different concentrations (10g, 20g, 30g, and 40g) of Striga hermonthica treated with 1% diluted sulfuric acid and untreated were subjected to batch fermentation for 16 days with 0.5% and 1% yeast inoculums. Percent of bio-ethanol production, cell density and reducing sugars were measured at an interval of 4 days starting from the beginning. Results of these study showed that ethanol production was observed starting from the 4th day of fermentation, but its amount peaked 28.05% from 40g substrate with 1% inoculum on the 12th day of fermentation, and declined on 16th days (20.24%) from the same substrate concentration. Pretreated substrate showed significantly higher ethanol production than untreated. In agreement with ethanol production, cell density and reduction in reducing sugar were observed in the same pattern. Compared ethanol production between untreated substrates yield of 21.31%, and treated substrates yielded of 28.05%. Overall, this study showed that acid pre-treatment, inoculum concentration, fermentation period and substrate concentration affect the amount of bio-ethanol production. Finally, it can be concluded that the production of bioethanol from Striga hermonthica is economically and environmentally viable. Extensive use of this harmful weed for bioethanol production may have twofold advantages, viz. reduction of its negative impact on crop productivity and generation of bio-ethanol.
Abstract: Global warming, urban pollution and depletion of fossil fuels have been driving for looking alternative energy sources, especially those derived from biomass. Production of bio-ethanol from lingocellulosic materials is providing a long-term sustainable for fuel supply. Striga hermonthica, a parasitic weed plant is one of cheap source of lignocellos...
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