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Impact of Loan Provided by BRAC Microfinance on SME’s Improvement in Zanzibar
Ibrahim Awami Khamis,
Abdalla Ussi Hamad
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
1-6
Received:
13 December 2021
Accepted:
4 January 2022
Published:
12 January 2022
Abstract: The main concern of this paper is to examine the impact of loan on the improvement of Small medium enterprises (SMEs) in Zanzibar. The study concentrated on amount of loan provided by BRAC and cost of charged by BRAC to SME’s in Zanzibar. The study conducted in West “A” District-Unguja. The study has mainly employed quantitative research approach with appropriate method of analysis for this study. The sample size for this study consists of 112 SMEs members supported and registered by BRAC, and survey questionnaire was used as data collection instrument. To achieve a credible result for this study, a standard multiple regression was used to analyze and interprets the collected data from relevant respondents. The results revealed that two predictors (loan amount and cost of loan) had a significant effect or impact on the outcome variable (SME’s improvement). In other words, the results of predictor variables show that; loan (β = 0.076, t = 1.977, p < 0.05), cost of loan (β = -0.900, t = -23.322, p < 0.05). The study concluded that the amount of loan received by loan beneficiaries are no affordable and not sufficient to meet the expectations of loan beneficiaries. Also, unfavorable loan fees payment slows down the SMEs operation. Finally, the study recommended that micro finance institutions should prepare the seminar and trainings to be given to the entrepreneurs on the loan management.
Abstract: The main concern of this paper is to examine the impact of loan on the improvement of Small medium enterprises (SMEs) in Zanzibar. The study concentrated on amount of loan provided by BRAC and cost of charged by BRAC to SME’s in Zanzibar. The study conducted in West “A” District-Unguja. The study has mainly employed quantitative research approach w...
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Remote Office Management: A Study on Preparation and System Development for Developing Country
Md. Mirajul Islam,
Md. Tareq Hasan,
Afsana Sultana
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
7-12
Received:
23 December 2021
Accepted:
8 January 2022
Published:
18 January 2022
Abstract: Most of the changes such as ammunition’s development, border security, national security agencies, some emerging institutions (UN, World Bank, IMF, etc.) in the world were established after Second World War (WW2). Likewise, after the crisis of the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) there will be some changes in the world such as office management, learning system, organizational operations, and so on. This research concentrates on preparation and the requisite technologies or access facilities to manage official works remotely in general or during any outbreak or natural disaster. Many organizations may conduct their operations remotely by ensuring technologies towards the office, employees, and customer premises during any outbreak over the developed country or region. The developing countries are always aback from the developed countries in all respects. During the COVID-19, developed countries faced a lot of issues to conduct the offices remotely where developing countries were incapable of control. Through some initiatives, the organizations can conduct their offices from remote to continue organizational operations in developing countries. To do so, the organizations must develop their office management system to execute a specific task along with the access facilities to contact the office from anywhere in the world in general or for any special reason.
Abstract: Most of the changes such as ammunition’s development, border security, national security agencies, some emerging institutions (UN, World Bank, IMF, etc.) in the world were established after Second World War (WW2). Likewise, after the crisis of the outbreak of the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) there will be some changes in the world such as offi...
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Study on Cash Flow of Volunteer Soldiers Retirement & Compensation Fund – From System Dynamics Perspective
Ming-Feng Hsie,
Fang-Chen Kao,
Justine Chang
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
13-19
Received:
12 January 2022
Accepted:
28 January 2022
Published:
16 February 2022
Abstract: Countries around the world use various forms of retirement systems to reduce elderly’s economic risks. The military retirement system is one of the most important welfare measures of Taiwanese military. Facing strong military threats, Taiwan has implemented a volunteer recruitment policy. With the increasing number of volunteer soldiers every year, the ratio of volunteer soldiers over entire miliary population has risen continuously. Volunteer soldiers can retire and start to receive pensions after they have served for 4 years. Therefore, the amount of pension contributions for volunteer soldiers is small, and the short payment time cannot allow the pension fund to obtain long-term compound interest effects. The impact on the pension fund cannot be ignored. Thus, the impact of volunteer soldiers’ pension on the overall cash flow of the pension fund has become the issue to be discussed in this study. The study uses systematic dynamics to explore the relevant factors that affect the cash flow of volunteer soldiers’ retirement funds and the causal interaction between the factors; construct a dynamic model of the cash flow evaluation of volunteer soldiers’ retirement funds; simulate and quantitatively analyze the results; and propose policy recommendations for improving the pension system for volunteer soldiers.
Abstract: Countries around the world use various forms of retirement systems to reduce elderly’s economic risks. The military retirement system is one of the most important welfare measures of Taiwanese military. Facing strong military threats, Taiwan has implemented a volunteer recruitment policy. With the increasing number of volunteer soldiers every year,...
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Innovation in Qualitative Studies Procedures: A Conceptual Model about Omnishopper Experience in Times of COVID-19 Pandemic
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
20-29
Received:
21 June 2021
Accepted:
17 August 2021
Published:
25 February 2022
Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is not just a public health issue; it is an event that is disrupting the social order in several dimensions. In the field of consumption, the changes imposed by quarantine and social distance promoted a rush to purchase via digital resources, forcing consumers and retailers to adapt quickly. In the wake of changes, channels and brands have become vulnerable, as consumers have switched to distance shopping via e-commerce or mobile apps, not always keeping the same previous preferences, but developing new and new experiences buying days. Knowing new behaviors is imperative for brands and channels and this article presents a model with key moments in the omnishopper experience that immediately adapts to the needs of scholars and specialists facing such a challenge. The model was developed from a qualitative study based on Grounded Theory, a methodology that allows the researcher to develop substantive theories that meet the need to understand the phenomena in which both the researcher and the participants are part of the actors involved in the scene. This study innovated in procedures, using the WhatsApp application in the interview phase, avoiding face-to-face meetings. This is another advance to be taken advantage of in studies to be carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is not just a public health issue; it is an event that is disrupting the social order in several dimensions. In the field of consumption, the changes imposed by quarantine and social distance promoted a rush to purchase via digital resources, forcing consumers and retailers to adapt quickly. In the wake of changes, channels and br...
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Leadership and Sustainable Human Capital Development in Nigerian Universities
Idongesit Oto Eshiett,
Oto Eyamba Eshiett,
Abdullahi Mohammed Sekuru
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
30-35
Received:
3 February 2020
Accepted:
17 February 2020
Published:
25 February 2022
Abstract: The development of human capital is conceptually the mechanics for transforming human effort both physical and mental into productivity and overall organizational growth. To achieve sustainable advancement and economic development, human capital theorist has advanced the need to motivate and train organizational personnel that could fit effectively and efficiently into set task, goals and objectives. The inherent challenge of illiteracy and unskilled human capital is one of the vital problems besetting the Nigeria university system from competing effectively with its peers in other parts of the world. This study accesses how Leadership could develop the Universities through effective and dynamic human capital development as the supposed ‘think tank’ of industrialization, overall economic growth and sustainable development. The study used descriptive survey technique as instrument in analyzing and interpreting the study outcome. The findings revealed that there is direct relationship between leadership and human capital management in Akwa Ibom State University, Nigeria. The summary, conclusion and recommendations of the study stresses on the need to train and retrain human capital to enhance all round growth in the university system and the national economy at large.
Abstract: The development of human capital is conceptually the mechanics for transforming human effort both physical and mental into productivity and overall organizational growth. To achieve sustainable advancement and economic development, human capital theorist has advanced the need to motivate and train organizational personnel that could fit effectively...
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Credible and Authentic Leadership Development in Organizations
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
36-46
Received:
6 February 2022
Accepted:
2 March 2022
Published:
12 March 2022
Abstract: Leadership practice that is founded on values is the new order in contemporary organizations that operate under complex and dynamic environments. The survival of such organizations requires the review of classical leadership theories and the adoption of newer approaches that have heightened the demand for effective leadership. Leaders’ misdeeds such as those witnessed in Enron and WorldCom, hypocrisy in the pulpit, infidelity in the family unit, politics of deceit, and so on have dented the leader’s image and the followers have lost the confidence they had in them. These developments justify the need to embrace authentic and credible leadership as an alternative leadership approach to rebuild followers’ trust and sustain operations of the organizations. The principles of authenticity and credibility are more critical than ever before in the restoration of confidence to followers where credibility has waned. It is on this basis that this qualitative study was undertaken to understand authentic and credible leadership development. The objective of the study was to identify how credibility and authenticity relate and the values and qualities that leaders perceive as important for defining credible and authentic leaders. The study adopted a qualitative research design. Three congregants from a Baptist church located in Nairobi city, Kenya were interviewed for their views about leadership, differences between authenticity and credibility, qualities of credible leaders, how credible leadership can be developed, outcomes of credible leadership, and the followers’ role incredible leadership development. The findings resonated with what is known in literature and in theory. The qualities that were found to define credible leaders included being forward-looking, visionary, compassionate, supportive, good listener, having integrity, being firm, being fair, and acting as role models. The fear instilled by leaders to the followers was found to be an impediment to the followers to effectively play their oversight role. The conclusion drawn was that credibility is a must-have tool for leaders to meaningfully engage their followers with a view to providing solutions to the problems faced at the workplace and addressing their needs. It smoothens the relationship and provides an enabling environment where leaders and followers can freely engage.
Abstract: Leadership practice that is founded on values is the new order in contemporary organizations that operate under complex and dynamic environments. The survival of such organizations requires the review of classical leadership theories and the adoption of newer approaches that have heightened the demand for effective leadership. Leaders’ misdeeds suc...
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Activity Theory as a Tool for Understanding Complexities in Extended Organizations
Paul Peter Bata,
Norman Alistair,
Allen David
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
47-54
Received:
4 February 2022
Accepted:
23 February 2022
Published:
18 March 2022
Abstract: The paper compares third generation activity theory (3GAT) and fourth-generation activity theory (4GAT) in extended organisations with multiple relationships that can be characterised as complex. The complexities are associated with the modern work environment with its complicated business processes and potentials for information sharing failures. 3GAT is a proven way of looking at multiple relationships in general but not sufficient in explaining the types of complexities associated with such complex and extended organisational settings possessing potential for lack of congruence of both physical and non-physical tools with which stakeholders engaged. Therefore, fourth generation activity theory was adopted in this study as a positive means of dealing with changes that support the new ways of working found in modern working environments which are increasingly concerned with shared objects. The types of complexities and extension in the setting drives contradictions which points to actual, or potential are as of failure, and in responding to these complexities (caused due to the lack of congruence in the different activity systems) knots form in a different way from the majority of other settings which have been researched. Understanding why the knots behaves in that way can be illuminated using 3GAT but does not necessarily resolve all the issues and nuances of the setting. Hence, 4GAT is seen as 1) a way of understanding the setting or problem issues. 2) understanding the needs and abilities of collaborating partners in understanding complexities and how to manage them and 3) understanding different elements that enhanced the achievement of relationship goals.
Abstract: The paper compares third generation activity theory (3GAT) and fourth-generation activity theory (4GAT) in extended organisations with multiple relationships that can be characterised as complex. The complexities are associated with the modern work environment with its complicated business processes and potentials for information sharing failures. ...
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Practical Implications of Credible and Authentic Leadership in Organizations
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 1, March 2022
Pages:
55-61
Received:
6 March 2022
Accepted:
22 March 2022
Published:
29 March 2022
Abstract: Credibility and authenticity have gained much interest in today’s world which is full of many challenges, opportunities as well as chaos. This study was conducted in two non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Mwanza, Tanzania to understand authentic and credible leadership, it’s impact in organizations as well as explore contextual factors that influence it. A qualitative study was conducted where thematic analysis was used to analyze the findings. The findings revealed the subjective nature of authentic leadership. Authenticity was found to be difficult to measure because it was hidden within the person. It was also revealed that employees who perceived their leaders to have credibility and authenticity tend to have a high level of organizational commitment, motivation and trust. Also, it was found out that culture, societal demands, as well as life experiences were contextual factors which influenced authenticity and credibility of leaders. The study was not without limitations. Snowball sampling was applied and hence elements of the population did not have an equal chance of being in the sample. Another limitation is the fact that interviews were conducted through telephone and hence some important gestures and expressions were not captured in the responses. The author invites other scholars to conduct similar studies using representative samples, face to face interviews and other methods such as quantitative or mixed methods to obtain comparable findings.
Abstract: Credibility and authenticity have gained much interest in today’s world which is full of many challenges, opportunities as well as chaos. This study was conducted in two non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Mwanza, Tanzania to understand authentic and credible leadership, it’s impact in organizations as well as explore contextual factors that i...
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