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Optimisation of Coagulation Process with SIWW is Coagulant for Colour and COD Removal of Acid Dye Effluent Using Central Composite Design Experiment
Abdelkader Anouzla,
Younes Abrouki,
Salah Souabi,
Mohammed Safi,
Hayat Loukili,
Hicham Rhbal,
Rachid Slimani
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
1-5
Received:
29 August 2014
Accepted:
23 September 2014
Published:
23 September 2014
Abstract: Central composite rotatable design experiment is used to study the effect of coagulation process for acid dye effluents and to optimise the variables such as dye concentration, coagulant dosage and initial pH, which influence the efficiency of colour and COD removal of dye effluents. The steel industrial wastewater (SIWW) FeCl3 rich is used for this study as an original coagulant to remove the acid red 14 dye solutions. A model has been obtained among decolourization, COD reduction and relevant parameters by means of variance analysis and obtained model was optimized. The efficiencies of decolourization and COD reduction for acid dye solution were accomplished at optimum conditions as 98% and 94%, respectively.
Abstract: Central composite rotatable design experiment is used to study the effect of coagulation process for acid dye effluents and to optimise the variables such as dye concentration, coagulant dosage and initial pH, which influence the efficiency of colour and COD removal of dye effluents. The steel industrial wastewater (SIWW) FeCl3 rich is used for thi...
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High Arsenic Enrichment in Water and Soils from Sambayourou Watershed – Burkina Faso (West Africa)
Kagambega Nicolas,
Sawadogo Sayouba,
Gordio Ardjima
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
6-12
Received:
29 August 2014
Accepted:
18 September 2014
Published:
23 September 2014
Abstract: Sambayourou is one of the main tributary of Mouhoun River in southwest Burkina Faso. Its watershed is part of area affected by mining operations from Poura gold mine in 80s. Investigations on surface water, ground-water and soil from Sambayourou watershed reveal that enormous volume of mine wastes from Poura old gold mine is causing acid mine drainage (AMD). This latter is characterized by a red-brick color, a low pH (2.9) and high contents of arsenic and heavy metals: arsenic (753 ppm), iron (4948 ppm), zinc (51 ppm), copper (38 ppm), cobalt (7 ppm) and lead (4 ppm). The oxidation and acidification of the mine wastes have also resulted in the pollution of some groundwater with concentrations of arsenic and lead beyond acceptable standards. Arsenic is the most polluting element of surface water and ground-water. Concerning ground-water contamination, arsenic come from both mine wastes and host rocks. To assess soil contamination, geo-accumulation indexes (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) are used. The use of the index of geo-accumulation is based on seven descriptive classes for increasing geo-accumulation index values. The different values of enrichment factor are divided into five groups corresponding to five categories of contamination. According to geo-accumulation values, the soil in Sambayourou watershed is strongly contaminated by arsenic. This situation is confirmed by enrichment factor which indicates a very high enrichment in arsenic. The very high enrichment in arsenic can derive from erosion of host rocks of ores mineralization which contain sulfide minerals as arsenopyrite (FeAsS) and/or from pedogenesis processes. However, mine wastes are assumed to be the main sources of arsenic contamination of soil in Sambayourou watershed.
Abstract: Sambayourou is one of the main tributary of Mouhoun River in southwest Burkina Faso. Its watershed is part of area affected by mining operations from Poura gold mine in 80s. Investigations on surface water, ground-water and soil from Sambayourou watershed reveal that enormous volume of mine wastes from Poura old gold mine is causing acid mine drain...
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Soils Bioremediation of Hydrocarbons and Green Waste Elimination through Composting Process
Hicham Rhbal,
Salah Souabi,
Mohamed Safi,
Mohamed Terta,
Mohmed Arad,
Abdelkader Anouzla,
Mohamed Hafid
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
13-22
Received:
10 September 2014
Accepted:
15 September 2014
Published:
23 September 2014
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the mineralization of hydrocarbons during composting. For this purpose, soil/green waste mixtures were prepared at three different ratios (S/GW= 60/40, 70/30, 80/20) composted for 90 days. An unamended polluted soil (100% soil) was used as the control. The results indicate that the composting process greatly increased the overall rate of hydrocarbon mineralization. The greatest loss of hydrocarbons was obtained in the first compost with the most green waste (96%), followed by the second where losses were still high (78%). In the compost with the least green waste, the hydrocarbon concentration decreased by only 64%. The hydrocarbon level in the control system remained practically unchanged. In addition, mineralization time increased with increasing green waste ratios, the composting process played a considerable role in the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and minimized the green waste produced by restaurants and cafeterias. The data obtained will be useful for solid waste management policy making.
Abstract: The aim of this work was to study the mineralization of hydrocarbons during composting. For this purpose, soil/green waste mixtures were prepared at three different ratios (S/GW= 60/40, 70/30, 80/20) composted for 90 days. An unamended polluted soil (100% soil) was used as the control. The results indicate that the composting process greatly increa...
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Coagulation and Chlorination of NOM and Algae in Water Treatment: A Review
Djamel Ghernaout,
Saad Moulay,
Noureddine Ait Messaoudene,
Mohamed Aichouni,
Mohamed Wahib Naceur,
Ahmed Boucherit
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
23-34
Received:
30 August 2014
Accepted:
6 October 2014
Published:
15 October 2014
Abstract: Due to health concerns of natural organic matter (NOM) and algae presence in surface water and difficulties encountered in their removal in the water treatment, this paper reviews coagulation and chlorination processes which are largely used in water treatment technology. In the conventional water treatment, coagulation and slow filtration treatments have better efficiency to reduce the NOM in water especially for the hydrophobic portion than the hydrophilic one. However, the pre-chlorination treatment for raw water has been proved to increase the dissolved organic carbon concentration due to the lysis of algae cells and disinfection by-products formation. The impact of water treatment processes on disinfection by-products formation remains complex and variable, as demonstrated by recent literature. It is concluded that no pre-, no inter-, only post-chlorination preceded by optimised coagulation for NOM and algae removal is the best available technology for the conventional water treatment which would be reinforced by at least adsorption on powdered activated carbon or nanofiltration in the short terms. Finally, the conventional water treatment will not remain a viable solution for drinking water from source waters containing NOM as their quality deteriorates and water quality standards become more difficult to achieve.
Abstract: Due to health concerns of natural organic matter (NOM) and algae presence in surface water and difficulties encountered in their removal in the water treatment, this paper reviews coagulation and chlorination processes which are largely used in water treatment technology. In the conventional water treatment, coagulation and slow filtration treatmen...
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A Novel Membrane Bioreactor System for Nitrification Inhibition by Cadmium
Omar Chaalal,
Dalial Hank,
Ahmed M. Soliman,
Ahemd Embaby,
Farid Benyahya
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
35-41
Received:
8 September 2014
Accepted:
19 September 2014
Published:
15 October 2014
Abstract: The inhibitory effect of heavy metals in nitrification has not been extensively investigated although it is expected that some form of inhibition would show up in the presence of these. Since Cadmium is a common heavy metal present in industrial effluents, its effect on nitrification has yet to be evaluated in qualitative and quantitative terms. In this investigation, a novel approach to studying heavy metal inhibition and mitigation in a full nitrification regime has been adopted. This approach consisted of employing a two-compartment membrane bioreactor and conducting a series of nitrification experiments in the absence and presence of a natural adsorbent placed in either compartment. The results obtained thus far clearly indicated an inhibitory effect when both heavy metal and biomass were placed in the same compartment. Diffusive transport across the membrane of produced nitrite and heavy metal showed different characteristics: whilst nitrite evolved to the other compartment according to the concentration driving force, the heavy metal concentration in either compartment change little.
Abstract: The inhibitory effect of heavy metals in nitrification has not been extensively investigated although it is expected that some form of inhibition would show up in the presence of these. Since Cadmium is a common heavy metal present in industrial effluents, its effect on nitrification has yet to be evaluated in qualitative and quantitative terms. In...
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Copper Removal Efficiency in a Surface Water and Compartmentalization in the Floating Fern Salvinia minima
María Victoria Casares,
Laura I. de Cabo,
Rafael S. Seoane,
Alicia Fabrizio de Iorio
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
42-47
Received:
31 October 2014
Accepted:
20 November 2014
Published:
27 December 2014
Abstract: In order to determine copper removal efficiency and compartmentalization in the free floating fern S. minima, a bioassay was performed in which plants were exposed to increasing copper concentrations in the range of 1 to 30 mg Cu L-1 for six days in Pilcomayo River surface water. S. minima accumulated the metal in a dose-dependent manner. Metal concentration was from 6.5 to 3.9 times higher in the submerged biomass in comparison to the aerial biomass in all treatments reflecting a poor mobility of copper between plant tissues. In both biomasses, most of the copper was localized in the extracellular compartment and increased lineally with increasing concentration of copper in water. The intracellular fraction increased following a polynomial function. The physicochemical characteristics of the experimental water influenced copper bioavailability inducing copper precipitation and the high concentration of calcium may have exerted a protective effect limiting metal entrance to cells. The values of the BCF and of the dry biomass weight that corresponded to copper showed that in Pilcomayo River water S. minima showed a copper removal efficiency not of a hyperaccumulator but of an effective accumulator.
Abstract: In order to determine copper removal efficiency and compartmentalization in the free floating fern S. minima, a bioassay was performed in which plants were exposed to increasing copper concentrations in the range of 1 to 30 mg Cu L-1 for six days in Pilcomayo River surface water. S. minima accumulated the metal in a dose-dependent manner. Metal con...
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Biosorption Isotherm for of Cu(II) and Zn(II) onto Calcined Limpet Shells as a New Biosorbent Ions from Aqueous Solutions: Comparison of Linear and Non-Linear Methods
Rachid Slimani,
Imane El Ouahabi,
Imane Hachoumi,
Yassine Riadi,
Abdelkader Anouzla,
Mohammadine El Haddad,
Saïd El Antri,
Saïd Lazar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6-1, December 2014
Pages:
48-57
Received:
21 December 2014
Accepted:
7 January 2015
Published:
23 January 2015
Abstract: The ability of calcined limpet shells (CLS), to remove Cu(II) and Zn(II) from effluent solution by biosorption has been studied. All the studies were conducted by a batch method to determine equilibrium and kinetic studies. The effects of contact time, CLS dose, pH and temperature were studied for the biosorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on CLS. Biosorption kinetics data were tested using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. Kinetic studies showed that the biosorption followed a pseudo-second-order reaction. From thermodynamic studies, it was seen that the biosorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Equilibrium biosorption isotherms were measured for the single component system and the experimental data were analyzed by using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations, to determine the best-fit isotherm for each system, both linear and non-linear regressions were carried out.
Abstract: The ability of calcined limpet shells (CLS), to remove Cu(II) and Zn(II) from effluent solution by biosorption has been studied. All the studies were conducted by a batch method to determine equilibrium and kinetic studies. The effects of contact time, CLS dose, pH and temperature were studied for the biosorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) on CLS. Biosor...
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