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Research Article
Nutritional Status of Alzheimer’s Patients in a Geriatric Clinic in Dakar: A 10-Month Prospective Descriptive Study
Rokhaya Diajhete*,
Assane Sall,
Dalahata Ba,
Massamba Ba,
Atoumane Faye,
Mamadou Coume
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
1-9
Received:
3 September 2025
Accepted:
3 November 2025
Published:
27 February 2026
Abstract: Background: Malnutrition refers to a state of nutritional imbalance in the body. It is characterized by a negative energy and/or protein balance. Malnutrition is common in patients with dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiological data show that weight loss appears to increase as the disease progresses. It is thought to be a predictor of mortality in patients with Alzheimer's disease because it is accompanied by severe events. The study of malnutrition in patients with Alzheimer's disease appears to be essential. Few studies have focused on the relationship between nutritional status and cognitive status. In Senegal, only one study has looked at Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the elderly, and the nutritional status of patients was not specifically assessed. We therefore decided to conduct this pioneering study in the geriatric population with AD in Senegal, with the primary objective of describing the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic aspects of malnutrition in our patients with AD in the geriatrics and gerontology department of the Fann National University Hospital Center in Dakar. Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive study conducted over a 10-month period from December 2022 to October 2023, involving patients aged 60 and over who were seen for an initial consultation in the geriatric department of the FANN University Hospital Center. Cognitive assessment was performed using the Senegal test, and malnutrition was screened for in these patients using the MNA. Epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, and therapeutic characteristics were collected and analyzed using epi.info.7 software. Results: Of the 695 patients seen during this period, thirty-two (32) had Alzheimer's disease, representing a prevalence of 4.6%. The average age of our patients was 77+/-08 years (ranging from 6 to 92 years). The 75-79 age group (31.25%) was the most representative, followed by the 70-74 age group (21.88%). There was a predominance of women (68.75%), with a male/female ratio of 0.45. The main comorbidities were high blood pressure (62.65%) and diabetes (34.38%). The history of the disease was dominated by falls (15.63%). The main reason for consultation was memory disorders (100%). The duration of the disease was between 6 months and 1 year in 40.6% of patients. The Senegal test was the diagnostic tool used to screen for Alzheimer's disease. Cognitive impairment according to the Senegal test appeared severe in 7 patients (21.87%), moderate in 4 patients (12.5%), and mild in 21 patients (65.63%). Geriatric syndromes were dominated by frailty (56.25%) and loss of functional independence (43.75%). Twelve patients (37.5%) were malnourished (MNA score below 17), 17 patients (53.12%) were at risk of malnutrition (MNA score between 17 and 23.5), and three patients were not malnourished (MNA score greater than or equal to 24). None of our patients were able to undergo testing for tau, phosphorylated tau, and β-amyloid proteins. The most common biological abnormalities were anemia (89.28%), followed by hypoalbuminemia (81.28%). Brain MRI performed on all our patients revealed hippocampal atrophy. The severity of the atrophy was specified in only 19 patients. The atrophy was grade 2 in 9 patients (28.13%), grade 3 in 3 patients (9.37%), grade 4 in 7 patients (21.87%), and unspecified in 13 patients (40.62%). Anticholinesterase inhibitors were the drug treatment of choice in our series, with 62.62% of patients receiving them. 37.38% received memantine. Conclusion: AD almost always progresses to malnutrition. It is important to screen for malnutrition systematically and early in order to develop care plans.
Abstract: Background: Malnutrition refers to a state of nutritional imbalance in the body. It is characterized by a negative energy and/or protein balance. Malnutrition is common in patients with dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease. Epidemiological data show that weight loss appears to increase as the disease progresses. It is thought to be a predicto...
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Research Article
Loneliness Matters: A Theoretical and Empirical Review
Tania Ghosh*
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
10-15
Received:
11 December 2025
Accepted:
26 December 2025
Published:
17 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpn.20261401.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Loneliness, traditionally understood as a private emotional experience, has evolved into a significant sociological issue reflecting the complexities of modern social life. This paper investigates loneliness as a structural and cultural outcome of late modernity, shaped by processes such as urbanization, individualization, and the digitization of human interaction. Drawing on sociological theories from Durkheim’s concept of anomie to Giddens’ notion of reflexive modernity, the analysis explores how shifting social norms and weakened communal ties have transformed solitude into a normalized condition. The study argues that loneliness functions as both a symptom and a product of neoliberal social organization—where personal freedom coexists with social fragmentation. Ultimately, the paper reframes loneliness as a companion to contemporary existence, revealing how the search for selfhood and autonomy paradoxically deepens social disconnection. The present research examined the impact of loneliness on one's physical and emotional well-being, the processes underlying these effects, and the efficacy of current remedies. The cognitive, behavioural, and physiological effects of loneliness are explained, and strategies to lessen loneliness are discussed, using characteristics of a loneliness regulatory loop. Being alone is not the only aspect of loneliness. It may be necessary to consider attentional, confirmatory, and remembrance biases in addition to the social and behavioural aspects of loneliness when developing interventions to lessen it and its negative health implications.
Abstract: Loneliness, traditionally understood as a private emotional experience, has evolved into a significant sociological issue reflecting the complexities of modern social life. This paper investigates loneliness as a structural and cultural outcome of late modernity, shaped by processes such as urbanization, individualization, and the digitization of h...
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Research Article
Influence of Prenatal and Familial Factors on Social Interaction Deficits in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Northern Bangladesh
Adam Abdullah,
Md. Redwanur Rahman*,
Mohammed Misbah Uddin,
Kh. Nazia Afroz
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
16-29
Received:
18 February 2026
Accepted:
9 March 2026
Published:
19 March 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajpn.20261401.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder refers to social interaction deficits influencing learning, relationships with peers, and overall quality of life. In Bangladesh, research regarding the factors affecting interaction among children with autism is very limited. This study focused on the maternal, environmental, and socio-demographic factors that reveal social interaction outcomes for autistic children in northern Bangladesh, analyzing case stories and statements to provide context for the findings. This study adopted a mixed-methods approach, incorporating quantitative data collected from 246 parents and caregivers of autistic children aged between 3 and 18 years. A pilot study was conducted before starting the main study and reported some significant findings to conduct future study. The key factors include environmental exposures, maternal health and socio-demographic variables. The analysis was conducted regarding Chi-square tests and multivariate ordinal logistic regression to find out the associations. Qualitative data were collected from 13 key informants and 10 case studies, which collected the statements from caregivers, thereby evaluating the interpretation of the results. The quantitative findings revealed significant bivariate associations with ultrasonography (χ²=8.49, p=.014) and birthweight (χ²=10.66, p=.031). The multivariate analysis revealed maternal depression linked to poverty as a significant predictor of diminished peer interaction (AOR=0.04, 95% CI: 0.00–0.74, p=.030). Data provides information that mothers spoke of withdrawing from social gatherings due to depression related to poverty and also stated that they faced rejection from schools and relatives blamed mothers within joint family structures, and fathers felt scarcity due to the lack of inclusive educational facilities and opportunities. These narratives explained how quantitative predictors are related to socio-cultural contexts. Factors such as maternal depression, stigma, family dynamics, and systemic exclusion collectively contribute to social interaction deficits. There is an urgent need for interventions that focus on maternal mental health, promote inclusive education, and reduce stigma to improve peer engagement among autistic children in Bangladesh.
Abstract: Autism spectrum disorder refers to social interaction deficits influencing learning, relationships with peers, and overall quality of life. In Bangladesh, research regarding the factors affecting interaction among children with autism is very limited. This study focused on the maternal, environmental, and socio-demographic factors that reveal socia...
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