Fragile State of Africa, Non-state Actors and COVID 19: Annual Assessment
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-6
Received:
15 January 2021
Accepted:
17 February 2021
Published:
4 March 2021
Abstract: With the end of year 2020, the international policy pundits have taken the annual assessment of post Covid-19 scenario across the globe. This paper aims at assessment of the Fragile state of Africa, which has been facing a double-edged sword. Africa has witnessed maximum attacks by the two groups affiliated to ISIS and Al Qaeda as well as significant number of Covid cases. The two most significant terror groups Boko Haram and Al Shabab have taken advantage of the pandemic to challenge the state authorities. Aim of this paper is to review the year 2020 and what has been its impact on the citizens of Africa, it also discusses the impact of natural calamity like locust attack which effects the food supply and demand cycle including its impact on food and nutrition. Due to high impact on the food and grains the grievances amongst the people have raised and this has been used as an opportunity by the non-state actors to attract more and more volunteers to join the group. Therefore, this paper will observe how the religiously inclined terror groups have argued the pandemic and asked its members to use the opportunity to the fullest and reach out to more and more people, carry out more and more attacks and kill as many infidels as possible. Due to such a rapid action and eventful period, it becomes vital to capture the highlights of the year and assess in order to prepare for next such natural disaster. The paper especially focuses on the Sahel Region of Africa.
Abstract: With the end of year 2020, the international policy pundits have taken the annual assessment of post Covid-19 scenario across the globe. This paper aims at assessment of the Fragile state of Africa, which has been facing a double-edged sword. Africa has witnessed maximum attacks by the two groups affiliated to ISIS and Al Qaeda as well as significa...
Show More
Usage of Contraceptive and Birth Interval in Ethiopia: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Abiyu Ayalew Assefa,
Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne,
Eleni Tesfaye Tegegne,
Mekibib Kassa Tessema,
Andualem Zenebe,
Wosenyeleh Semeon Bagajjo
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
7-13
Received:
18 January 2021
Accepted:
7 February 2021
Published:
4 March 2021
Abstract: Background: Children born soon after previous birth are at high risk for health problems and died at a younger age, especially if the interval between the births is less than two years. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence whether contraceptive use is associated with birth interval among women in Ethiopia. Methods: Studies for this meta-analysis were accessed through main databases searches (PUBMED and Advanced Google Scholar) that were published from 2010 onwards. Three blinded reviewers evaluated the abstracts as well as the full texts and performed the data extraction. To assess external and internal validity, a risk-of-bias tool was used. Pooled effect size of birth interval was estimated from the reported proportion of eligible studies using RevMan V. 5.3 software. Results: Thirteen studies were found to be eligible and included in the meta–analysis. A total of 16311 women were involved. Of which, 6112 (37.5%) women had contraceptive users and 5873 (36%) of women had experienced short birth interval. The final pooled effect size after trim and fill analysis in random effect model was found to be -0.67 (95%CI: -0.74, -0.59). This indicated that presence of a significant association between contraceptive use and the length of birth interval. Conclusions: This meta-analysis found that, in Ethiopia, promoting contraceptive use was associated with decreasing short birth interval by 33%. Thus, the existing efforts of optimizing birth interval should be enhanced through modern contraceptive use.
Abstract: Background: Children born soon after previous birth are at high risk for health problems and died at a younger age, especially if the interval between the births is less than two years. The purpose of this review is to summarize the evidence whether contraceptive use is associated with birth interval among women in Ethiopia. Methods: Studies for th...
Show More
Role of Endocrine System and Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Hyperphagia Associated Obesity
Mubashir Abbas,
Abdul Rehman,
Zulfia Hussain,
Junaid Ali Khan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
14-18
Received:
3 January 2021
Accepted:
14 January 2021
Published:
10 March 2021
Abstract: Activities occurring in an animal’s body are performed and regulated via certain chemicals. These chemical on the basis of multiple factors are divided into various classes. Hormones forma major class of such chemicals. Hormones are integral part of animal’s body that are involved in the mediation of a variety of vital functions. Hormonal secretions are precisely regulated in order to mediate relevant function as needed. They are important maintainers of a variety of homeostatic mechanisms including food intake, digestion, absorption and utilization. Like all other parts of animal’s body, adipose tissue is also under the influence of chemical messengers. Some of the endocrine messengers are Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormone while neural chemicals include orexigenic hypothalamic neuropeptides (like Neuropeptide Y). While performing normal assigned function these chemical substances strive to maintain a balance between body energy need and energy intake. If concentration or functionality of any of them is disturbed due to certain change for sufficient time period then they fail to perform their duty resulting gradual increase in body mass index. Deficiency or hypersecretion, structural deformity and functional impairment are some of the aspects that contribute towards hormonal abnormalities. Present review is based on a concise discussion about obesogenic role of Leptin, Insulin and Ghrelin hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptides.
Abstract: Activities occurring in an animal’s body are performed and regulated via certain chemicals. These chemical on the basis of multiple factors are divided into various classes. Hormones forma major class of such chemicals. Hormones are integral part of animal’s body that are involved in the mediation of a variety of vital functions. Hormonal secretion...
Show More
SWOT Analysis on the Construction of Hospice Care Demonstration Center Under the Hierarchical Medical System in Southwest China
Mei Xu,
Han Xingping,
Zhang Jing,
Zhang Tingting,
Qiu Fang,
Yin Aini,
Liu Mengjie
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
19-25
Received:
3 March 2021
Accepted:
19 March 2021
Published:
30 March 2021
Abstract: Due to the influence of various factors, the development of hospice care in China is very slow, and the quality of life while dying in patients with critical illness is low. At present, the management of chronic diseases under the hierarchical medical system has achieved good results in China, but to date, there is no report on the implementation of hospice care services under the hierarchical medical system. The purpose of this study is to explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of establishing a "hospital-community- home" linked hospice care demonstration center under the hierarchical medical system in Southwest China. Based on the baseline survey, the SWOT analysis method was used for analysis. In all, there are 26 medical institutions of different levels, including 440 medical staff and 650 community-dwelling elderly take part in the quantitative research, and 24 related professionals participated in the panel discussion. We came to the conclusion that under the hierarchical medical system, a "hospital-community-home" linked hospice care demonstration center has the following opportunities when initiating hospice care activities in Southwest China: effective integration of resources, diversification of demand, policy support, positive attitude of medical staffs, etc. However, the lack of laws and regulations, the imperfect social security system, the lack of public awareness, and the lack of institutional operation and certification standards of practitioners are challenges when building such centers.
Abstract: Due to the influence of various factors, the development of hospice care in China is very slow, and the quality of life while dying in patients with critical illness is low. At present, the management of chronic diseases under the hierarchical medical system has achieved good results in China, but to date, there is no report on the implementation o...
Show More
