Research Article
Accelerating the Elimination of Open Defecation by 2030: Deployment of Locally-adapted Ventilated Improved Pit Latrine Model in Resource-constrained Settings
Emmanuel Chukwuma Obiano*
,
Christopher Emeka Anaebonam,
Valentine Chukwuka Agubuokwu
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 4, December 2026
Pages:
71-78
Received:
7 September 2026
Accepted:
18 September 2026
Published:
14 October 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.jher.20261204.11
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Abstract: In 2015, the United Nations adopted the elimination of open defecation as Sustainable Development Goal 6.2. Though modest progress has been achieved, about 673 million people still practise open defecation, prompting concerns on how to overcome these challenges and accelerate actions to meet the target. This study aims to proffer solutions to some of these challenges and contribute in accelerating actions to meet the target by proposing a new latrine model. Considering that cost is the most important factor challenging elimination of open defecation, a working assumption was made that delivery of functional latrines at zero-cost to households in need will generate acceptance and use. Two research questions were formulated pertaining to the feasibility of devising and deploying an alternative zero-cost latrine model across poor communities without endangering public health. Key informant interview and discussion were held with purposively selected community based stakeholders to explore the research questions and provide answers. It was found that: it is feasible to devise a model latrine at zero-cost to poor households; such feasibility will be achieved by simulating the conventional ventilated improved pit latrine and substituting its components with locally available alternatives; the local content achieved is applicable to local communities across countries and regions; and that the alternative model will achieve a cost reduction of about 80 – 90% of the cost of a conventional ventilated improved pit latrine. The study concludes that the alternative latrine model is a viable alternative to the conventional ventilated improved pit latrine in terms of basic functions, sanitary acceptability, and widespread adoption and use; coupled with its added advantage of cheapness and rapid deployment. If the model is adopted and supported with aggressive social marketing, will provide sustained rapid acceleration direly needed to pursue the Sustainable Development Goal target of eliminating open defecation by 2030, about four years ahead.
Abstract: In 2015, the United Nations adopted the elimination of open defecation as Sustainable Development Goal 6.2. Though modest progress has been achieved, about 673 million people still practise open defecation, prompting concerns on how to overcome these challenges and accelerate actions to meet the target. This study aims to proffer solutions to some ...
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