Research Article
Influence of Climate Change-driven Scarcity of Water on the Prevalence of Gender-based Violence (GBV) Among Women in Matapato South, Kajiado County, Kenya
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
28-35
Received:
2 April 2026
Accepted:
16 April 2026
Published:
28 April 2026
Abstract: Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a critical social challenge in climate-vulnerable pastoral communities, where environmental stressors intersect with gender inequalities. The purpose of the study was to examine the Influence of climate change-driven scarcity of water resources on the prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) among women in Matapato South, Kajiado County, Kenya. This study, grounded in Resource Scarcity and Conflict Theory, examined how climate change outcomes influence GBV against women in Matapato South Ward, Kajiado County, Kenya. Resource Scarcity and Conflict Theory frames how environmental shocks compromise social and household stability. The study targeted women and key stakeholders, including community elders, local administrators, healthcare workers, law enforcement officers, and NGO representatives addressing climate change and GBV, with a total population of 194 women and 62 stakeholders. Using Yamane’s formula, a sample of 131 women and 44 stakeholders was selected. Cluster and purposive sampling ensured balanced representation. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and key informant interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically. Findings reveal strong theoretical and empirical links between climate stressors and GBV. 95.9% of respondents reported that drought-related water scarcity leads to household conflicts, reflecting how resource scarcity exacerbates gendered power tensions. The study concludes that climate-induced water, pasture, and food scarcity, along with migration, intensify GBV risks, including household disputes, emotional abuse, sexual violence, and exploitative relationships. These findings underscore the gendered security implications of climate change and the need for targeted interventions to reduce GBV, enhance community resilience, and protect women in pastoralist settings.
Abstract: Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a critical social challenge in climate-vulnerable pastoral communities, where environmental stressors intersect with gender inequalities. The purpose of the study was to examine the Influence of climate change-driven scarcity of water resources on the prevalence of gender-based violence (GBV) among women in Matap...
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Review Article
Nursing Leadership in Vaccine Delivery in Low-resource Settings: Evidence from Nepal’s National Immunization Program
Parvati Bista*,
Nabin Raj Joshi
Issue:
Volume 12, Issue 2, June 2026
Pages:
36-42
Received:
12 March 2026
Accepted:
25 March 2026
Published:
12 June 2026
DOI:
10.11648/j.jher.20261202.12
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Abstract: Background: Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions, preventing an estimated three to five million deaths annually worldwide (WHO, 2023). Nepal has achieved substantial progress through its National Immunization Program (NIP), supported by international partners including GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance (which has provided over USD 150 million since 2002), UNICEF, and WHO. Despite this progress, ensuring equitable vaccine access across geographically diverse and resource-constrained settings remains a persistent challenge. Nurses constitute the primary frontline workforce responsible for vaccine delivery across health facilities, outreach clinics, and large-scale national campaigns, yet their leadership contributions remain underexplored in the academic literature. Objective: To examine the multi-dimensional leadership roles of nurses within Nepal's immunization system, identify structural strengths and workforce challenges, and propose evidence-based policy recommendations for strengthening nursing-led immunization programs in low-resource settings. Methods: A narrative review was conducted of peer-reviewed literature, national policy documents, and reports from WHO, UNICEF, GAVI, and Nepal's Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) relating to Nepal's NIP. Five key domains were analyzed: vaccine administration, cold chain management, community engagement, immunization surveillance, and health workforce dynamics. Results: Nurses perform central roles across all five domains. More than 27,000 health workers--predominantly nurses and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives--were deployed during Nepal's 2025 HPV vaccination campaign targeting over 1.46 million adolescent girls, supported by over 51,000 Female Community Health Volunteers (FCHVs). Nepal achieved 82.48% first-dose COVID-19 coverage. However, persistent challenges include health workforce shortages, limited competency-based immunization training, geographic barriers, vaccine hesitancy, and continued dependence on external donor funding. Conclusion: Nurses are the backbone of Nepal's immunization system and are indispensable for sustaining vaccination coverage in resource-constrained settings. Strengthening nursing competencies, expanding workforce capacity in underserved areas, and enhancing policy recognition of nursing leadership are essential to achieving the goals of the Immunization Agenda 2030 and Universal Health Coverage.
Abstract: Background: Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions, preventing an estimated three to five million deaths annually worldwide (WHO, 2023). Nepal has achieved substantial progress through its National Immunization Program (NIP), supported by international partners including GAVI, the Vaccine Alliance (which has provi...
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,
Daniel Muasya Nzengya
